Module 2 (ITC) • Provides a centralized storage area for

programs, data, and information

Computer
Main Frames
• A computer is an electronic device,
operating under the control of instructions • Mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful
stored in its own memory computer that can handle hundreds or
thousands of connected users
Categories of Computer
simultaneously.
1. Personal Computer
Most major corporation use MAINFRAMES
2. Servers for business activities

3. Mainframes Supercomputer

4. Mobile computer and mobile devices • A supercomputer is the fastest, most

powerful computer
5. Game consoles
• Fastest supercomputers are capable of
6. Super computers processing more than one quadrillion
7. Embedded computers instructions in a single second

(all of the following are categories of users Embedded Computer

except COMMUNICATIONS USERS) • An embedded computer is a special-
purpose computer that functions as a
component in a larger product.
Mobile Computer
• Consumer Electronics
Personal computer you can carry from place
to place • Home Automatic Device

Mobile Device • Automobiles

• Computing device small enough to hold in • Process Controllers and Robotics

your hand Ex: Notebook Computer, Tablet • Computer Devices and Office Machines
PC, Smartphone Smartphones and PDA, E
book Reader. Handheld Computer, Portable Abacus
Media Computer, Digital Camera
• The Abacus, beads on rods to count and
Game Console calculate still widely used in Asia

• Game console is a mobile computing Napiers (1630)

device designed for single-player or
•based on Napier’s rules for logarithms
multiplayer video games
•used until 1970s
Server
• Server controls access to the hardware,
software, and other resources on a network
 Joseph Marie Jacquard - Jacquard Loom (Univac) Universal Automatic Computer
(1804) • The Jacquard machine is a device
• The Univac is an electrical computer
fitted to a power loom that simplifies the
containing thousands of vacuum tubes that
process of manufacturing textiles with such
utilizes punch cards and switches for
complex patterns as brocade, damask and
inputting data and punch cards for
matelassé.
outputting and storing data.
• Released in1951and1952 when first
Analytical Engine developed by J. Presper Eckert and John
Mauchly
• Analytical Engine was a proposed
mechanical general-purpose computer Grace Hopper
designed by English mathematician and
• First Girl Programmer
computer pioneer Charles Babbage
• Programmed UNIVAC Recipient of
- simpler mechanical computer. -It was first
Computer Science’s first “Man of the Year
described in 1837 as the successor to
Award”
Babbage's Difference Engine
Biggest advancements that led to modern
computers Transistor (1956-1963)
• Electricity
• Second Generation of computers
• Transistor
• Transistors were smaller than vacuum
• Microchip tubes and allowed computers to be smaller
in size, faster in speed, and cheaper to build.
• Data storage
• Developed by John Bardeen,Walter
Vacuum Tubes
Brattain, and William Shockley at the Bell
• First Generation (1940-1956) of Electronic Laboratories on December 23,1947.
Computers
• Made up of semi-conductors
• Vacuum tubes are glass tubes with circuits
• Used to control the amount of current or
inside.
voltage or used for amplification/modulation
• Vacuum tubes have no air inside of them, or switching of an electronic signal
which protects the circuitry.
Integrated Circuits (1964 – 1971)
- integrated circuit is etched on a computer
chip, contains many microscopic pathways
capable of carrying electrical current
• Third Generation of Computer System Unit
- Case that contains the electronic
components of the computer that are used to
Microprocessor / CPU (1972-2010)
process data.
- some computer and chip manufactures use
• Storage Device
the term microprocessor to refer to a
- Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads)
personal computer processor chip.
items to and from storage media.
• Fourth Generation of Computer
• Communications Device

Artificial Intelligence (AI) (2010 – Present) - Enables a computer to send and receive
data, instructions, and information to and
• Fifth Generation of Computer from one or more computers or mobile
devices.

Green Computing Elements of Computer System

• Involves reducing the electricity consumed • Hardware - Electronic, and mechanical

and environmental waste generated when components of a computer.
using a computer.
• Software - Also called a Program, tells the
computer what tasks to perform and how to
Hardware Elements perform them
- Electronic, and mechanical components of
a computer.
• Data
• Input Device - Allows you to enter data
and instructions into a computer. - The DATA unit is a case that contains
electronic components of the computer that
• Output Device - Hardware component that are used to process
conveys information to one or more people
 Raw, Unprocessed
 Meaningless

GUI (graphical user interface)

- users interact with the software using text,
graphics, and visual images such as icons
• People
- Also called as users Mobile User
 Connect to other computers on a
network or the internet
• Procedures
 Transfer information
- Steps that you must follow to accomplish
a specific computer-related task  Play video games
 Listen to music
 Watch movies

Information
• Term used to describe text that is Computer usage
informative to the individual reading
it or the computer processing it.
• Processed data Power user
• Meaning full and can be used in  Work with multimedia
many significant ways.  Use industry specific software

Computer users Enterprise user

 Home User • Communicate among employees
 Personal financial management • Process high volumes of transactions
 Web access • Blog
 Communications
 Entertainment

Small office/home office user Computer Application

 Look up information • Education

 Send and receive e-mail messages • Finance
 Make telephone calls • Government
• Health care
• Science
• Travel
• Manufacturing
 - With online banking, users access account
balances, pay bills, and copy monthly
SOHO
transactions from a bank’s computer right
- Soho includes any company with fewer into their personal computers
than 50 employees, as well as the self-
employed who work from home
Because embedded computers are
components in larger products, they usually
E-commerce are small and have limited hardware

-many small office/home office users have - True

entered the e-commerce arena and conduct
business on the web,
Small office
- small office include local law practices,
Web cam
accounting firms, travel agencies, and
- small business web sites sometimes use a florists.
web cam to show the world a live view of
some aspect of their business
Installing
- installing is the process of setting up
Enterprise
software to work with the computer, printer,
- many large companies use the term, and other hardware
“enterprise computing “ to refer to the huge
network of computers that meets their
diverse computing needs. Communication device
- Each employee or customer who uses a - communication is a device hardware
computer in a large business is an Enterprise component that enables a computer to send
user (transmit) and receive data, instructions, and
information to and from one or more
computers.
Telecommuting
- is a work arrangement in which employees
work away from a company’s standard
workplace and often communicate with the
office through the computer

Online Banking