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    Make A Distinction Between Open-Class Items and Closed-System Items. Give Examples

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    Huong Quynh Ha
    The document distinguishes between open-class and closed-class items, and finite and non-finite clauses. Open-class items like nouns and verbs can be extended indefinitely, while closed-class items like pronouns and prepositions have a fixed set of members. A finite clause contains a finite verb showing tense and mood, while a non-finite clause has a non-finite verb lacking tense or mood information. There are four types of non-finite clauses: infinitive with or without "to", -ing participle, and -ed participle clauses.

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    Make A Distinction Between Open-Class Items and Closed-System Items. Give Examples

    Uploaded by

    Huong Quynh Ha
    256 views5 pages
    The document distinguishes between open-class and closed-class items, and finite and non-finite clauses. Open-class items like nouns and verbs can be extended indefinitely, while closed-class items like pronouns and prepositions have a fixed set of members. A finite clause contains a finite verb showing tense and mood, while a non-finite clause has a non-finite verb lacking tense or mood information. There are four types of non-finite clauses: infinitive with or without "to", -ing participle, and -ed participle clauses.

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    Lecture 1

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    The document distinguishes between open-class and closed-class items, and finite and non-finite clauses. Open-class items like nouns and verbs can be extended indefinitely, while closed-class items like pronouns and prepositions have a fixed set of members. A finite clause contains a finite verb showing tense and mood, while a non-finite clause has a non-finite verb lacking tense or mood information. There are four types of non-finite clauses: infinitive with or without "to", -ing participle, and -ed participle clauses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    256 views5 pages

    Make A Distinction Between Open-Class Items and Closed-System Items. Give Examples

    Uploaded by

    Huong Quynh Ha
    The document distinguishes between open-class and closed-class items, and finite and non-finite clauses. Open-class items like nouns and verbs can be extended indefinitely, while closed-class items like pronouns and prepositions have a fixed set of members. A finite clause contains a finite verb showing tense and mood, while a non-finite clause has a non-finite verb lacking tense or mood information. There are four types of non-finite clauses: infinitive with or without "to", -ing participle, and -ed participle clauses.

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    1. Make a distinction between open-class items and closed-system items.

    Give examples

    Open-class items Closed-system items


    - have the same grammatical properties - cannot normally be extended by the
    and structural possibilities as other creation of additional members
    members of the class
    Feature - reciprocally exclusive (we say: the
    s - indefinitely extendable picture / a picture, but not "a the picture")

    Includes notional/ lexical/ content words Includes functional words such as:
    such as:
    - Articles: a, an, the
    - Nouns: pen, book, house…
    - Demonstratives: this, that, these, those
    - Adjectives: sad, excited, happy…
    - Pronouns: he, she, you, they...
    Includes - Verbs: eat, play, study…
    - Prepositions: of, in, on, above...
    - Adverbs: carefully, beautifully…
    - Conjunctions: and, that, when, although
    - Interjections: oh, ah, ugh, phew
    2. Structurally, what is the difference between a finite and a non-finite clause? Give
    examples.

    Finite clause Non-finite clause


    - Finite clause is a clause whose verbal - Non-Finite clause is a clause whose verbal element is a non-
    element is a finite verb, which shows the finite verb, which does not show the tense and the mood of the
    tense and the mood of the verb verb.
    Eg: . I spoke to Linda last night
    I buy food
    - There are four types of non-finite clause:
    • Infinitive with to
    Eg: She left the building to find her friends.
    He wanted to make sure it was the correct answer.
    He gave up his job to travel the world
    • Infinitive without to
    Eg: She made us wait for half an hour.
    I will go buy some food
    • -ing participle
    Eg : He was proud of himself solving the problem they were set
    Finding nothing in the box, he went back to the shop to complain
    You are the only one capable of solving the problem
    • -ed participle
    Eg: When notified, he would leave the airport immediately.
    Those are the apples bought by my friends
    The police, unless notified, will not carry out an investigation.
    \
    Finite and non-finite clauses: so sánh
    1.1. Finite clause:
    Finite clause is a clause whose verbal element/ˈel.ɪ.mənt/ is a finite verb, which shows the tense
    and the mood of the verb
    VD. I spoke to Linda last night
    1.2. Non-finite clause:
    Non-Finite clause is a clause whose verbal element is a non-finite verb, which does not show the
    tense and the mood of the verb.
    There are four types of non-finite clause:
    • Infinitive with to
    VD: I want to speak to you.
    - Without subject: The best thing would be to tell everybody.
    - With subject: The best thing would be (for you) to tell everybody.
    It would be better (for you) to tell everybody.
    • Infinitive without to
    VD: She made us wait for half an hour.
    - With subject: Rather than John do it, I’d prefer to give the job to Mary.
    I help (her) do her homework.
    • -ing participle
    VD: Having failed twice, he didn’t want to try again
    - Without subject: Leaving the room, he went straight to the kitchen.
    All I did was telling him the truth.
    - With subject: Her aunt having left the room, I declared my passionate love for Celia.
    • -ed participle
    - Without subject: Covered with confusion, I left the room.
    - With subject: We left the room and went home, the job finished.
    When the subject of adverbial participial clauses is expressed, it is often introduced by with:
    With the tree growing tall, we get more shade.

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