International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Technology, ICCTET’13 220

Modeling And Manual Design Comparision Of

Streeses In Castellated Beam Using Ansys
E.Rajalakshmi
Department of Civil Engineering,
Akshaya College of Engineering & Technology,
India.

Abstract- The objective of this thesis is to investigate and Now FEA is used throughout almost all engineering
evaluate the use of the finite element method for the analysis design including mechanical systems and civil engineering
of castellated beams. The analysis is to be carried on the structures.
castellated beams and calculated the stresses values. By ANSYS is used throughout industry in many
knowing stresses values we can calculate the deflection, load engineering disciplines. This software package was even used
carrying capacity of the beam. The following procedure is by the engineers that investigated the World Trade Center
used to meet this goal collapse in 2001[8].
1. A literature review is conducted to evaluate
previous analytical procedures related to castellated beams. C. Scope and Objectives of Investigation
2. A calibration model using a commercial finite The objective of this thesis is to investigate and evaluate
element analysis package (ANSYS) is set up and analysis is the use of the finite element method for the analysis of
done. Castellated Beams.
FEM models were developed to stimulate the behavior
Keywords- Castellated beams, Finite Element Modeling. of castellated beams using the ANSYS 12.0 programs were
made for load deflection plots; stress- strain plots.
1. Introduction Comparisons were made for manually calculated
A. Otsu's thresholding method stresses and journals with ansys stresses values [5].
Different methods have been utilized to study the A review made on the available literature to have a
response of castellated beams [2]. Analytical based method study on behavior importance gained analytical procedures
widely used as a means to analyze castellated beams under related to Castellated Beams and also the finite element
loading. While this is a method that produces real life response, modeling of beam and Castellated Beams [4] [9].
it is extremely time consuming, and the fire resistance of steel Modeling simplifications and assumptions developed
structures is very high. during this project are presented.
Meantime in castellated beams we can place the AC, Tabulation of Stresses Results and comparison with
ducts, and fire extinguishers within the openings. The use of Manual design stresses values and Journals.
finite element analysis to study these components has also been
used. Unfortunately, early attempts to accomplish this were 2. Solution procedure
also very time consuming and infeasible using existing These are number of steps in the solution procedure
software and hardware. using finite element packages require the user to go through
In recent years, however, the use of finite element steps in one form or another.
analysis has increased due to progressing knowledge and
capabilities of computer software and hardware. A. Specifying Geometry
It has now become the choice method to analyze First the geometry of the structure to be analysis is
concrete structural components. The use of computer Software defined. This can be done either by entering the geometric
to model these elements is much faster, and extremely cost- information in the first element package through the key board
effective [3].By understanding the use of finite element or mouse, or by importing the model from a solid modular like
packages, more efficient and better analyses can be made to structural engineer.
fully understand the response of individual structural
components and their contribution to a structure as a whole B. Specifying Element and Material Properties
[10]. This thesis is a study the behavior of castellated beams Next the materials properties are defined. In an elastic
using finite element analysis. analysis of an isotropic solid these consists of modules of
elasticity of steel and poison’s ratio of steel.
B. ANSYS
ANSYS is a finite element analysis (FEA) software C. Element Type
package. It uses a preprocessor software engine to create An Element with SHELL181 was used to model the
geometry. Then it uses a solution routine to apply loads to the steel. This element has nodes with six degrees of freedom at
meshed geometry. Finally it outputs desired results in post- each node translations in the model x, y, z directions. Shell181
processing. is well suited for linear, large rotation, and for large strain non-
Finite element analysis was first developed by the linear application.
airplane industry to predict the behavior of metals when
formed for wings. D. Modules of Elasticity

© IEEE 2013
IEEE - 32107
July 3, 2013, Coimbatore, India.
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Technology, ICCTET’13 221

The modulus of elasticity of steel can be taken as K. Interpreting Results

2.1x105N/mm2. The characteristic yield strength of steel is used The most critical step in the entire analysis because it
as 240Mpa. requires that modular use fundamental knowledge of
mechanics to interpret and understand the output of the model
E. Poisson’s Ratio [5]. This is the critical for applying concrete result to solve real
Generally its value will be less than 1. When a material engineering problems and in identifying when modeling
undergoes changes in length, it undergoes changes of opposite mistakes have been made (can easily occur).
nature in lateral directions. For example, if a bar is subjected to The eight steps mentioned above have to be carried out
direct tension in its axial direction. At the same time of then only meaningful information can be obtained regardless of
elongation its side gets contracts. If ratio of changes in axial size and complexity of the problem to be solved. However, the
direction to original length is linear status and changes in specific commands and procedures that must be listed for each
lateral directions to original lateral strain, it is found that within of the steps will vary from one finite element package to
elastic limit there is a constant relationship between lateral another.
strain and linear stain. This contract ratio is known as poisons
ratio, thus Table 1. Summary of ANSYS 12.0 Model of the Specimen
µ (or) 1/m=lateral strain/linear stain
If it is not easy to measure the elastic modulus of ANSYS 12.0 MODEL
CATEGORIES
concrete, what can be said about the measurement of DETAILS
Poisson’s ratio, which involves the simultaneous Types of elements for SHELL 181
measurement of the axial load, the axial strain and the Steel
transversal strain at the same time at a constant load rate. Material properties Young’s modulus 2.1
This is why limited date on the Poisson’s ratio of Steel x105 N/mm 2
concrete in general, and high – performance concrete in Poisson’s Ratio= 0.3
particular, are found in the literature. Ahmad and Shah (1985) Model descriptions Full scale model
reported values of between 0.18 and 0.24, while Kaplan (1959) Trial section ISLB 600
reported values of between 0.23 and 0.32. Length of beams 16000mm
Size of beams 900 x 210 mm
F. Meshing Thickness of flange 15mm
The structure is meshed into small elements. this Thickness of web 10.5mm
involve defining the types of elements into which the structure Boundary conditions Simply supported
will be broken as well as specifying how the structure will be For beam condition
subdivided into elements (how it will be mashed). This Loading pattern For Uniformly distributed
subdivided into elements into elements can either be input by beam loading
the user or with some finite element programs by the user or
with some finite element programs can be chosen 3. Ansys1 2.0 Result
automatically by the computer based on the geometry of the
structure.

G. Application of the External Load and Boundary Condition

Apply boundary conditions and external loads next the
boundary conditions, (e.g., location of supports) and the
external nodes are specified. The support conditions are
specified on key points and the loads in nodes [1].

H. Generate a Solution
Then the solution is generated based on the previous
input parameters.

I. Post Processing
Based on the initial conditions after a solution is Fig.1 Model of Castellated Beam
processed, data is returned viewed in a variety of graphs and
displays.

J. Refine the Mesh

Finite element methods are approximate methods and in
general the accuracy of the approximation increases with the
number of elements used. The number of elements needed for
an accurate model depends on the problem and the specific
results to be extracted from it. thus in order to judge the
accuracy of result from a single finite element run, one needed
to increase the number of elements in the object and see if the
results changes. Fig.2 Meshing of Castellated Beam

© IEEE 2013
IEEE - 32107
July 3, 2013, Coimbatore, India.
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Technology, ICCTET’13 222

Fig.3. Loads and Boundary Condition of

Castellated Beams

Fig.7 Deformation Shape

Table 2. Comparison of Stresses from Ansys with

Manual design stresses

MANUAL ANSYS
Mai Mai
Secon n Tota Secon n Tot
Hole Xa Xb dary Ste l dary Ste al
no. (m) (m) Stem m (N/ Stem m (N/
(N/m (N/ mm2 (N/m (N/ m
m2) mm2 ) m2) mm2 m2)
) )

1 0.5 0.6 140 10 150 129 10 138

2 1 1.3 128 24 152 121 20 141

Fig.4 Stresses Of Beam In X-Direction
3 1.8 1.9 116 36 152 111 33 144

4 2 2.6 104 47 151 98 45 143

5 3 3.2 92 57 149 89 53 142

6 4 3.9 80 66 146 78 61 139

160
155
stresses in N/sq.mm

150
Fig.5 Stresses Of Beam In Y-Direction
145
MANUAL
140
ANSYS
135
130
125
120
1 2 3 4 5 6
Holes

Fig.8 Graph Showing The Variation Of Stresses With Manual

Fig.6 Deflection Contour Design And Ansys

© IEEE 2013
IEEE - 32107
July 3, 2013, Coimbatore, India.
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Technology, ICCTET’13 223

channel partners in 40+ countries.

APPENDIX 2
Greater fidelity via new solver methods. As engineering
requirements and design complexity increase, simulation
software must produce more accurate results that reflect
changing operating conditions over time. ANSYS 13.0 features
an electromagnetic transient solver that produces higher-
fidelity results in dynamic simulation environments, among
other new features.
Higher productivity built on an adaptive architecture.
ANSYS 13.0 includes dozens of features that minimize the
time and effort product development teams invest in
simulation. For example, as product designs grow in size and
Fig.9 Stress vs. Strain Curve From Ansys
complexity -- and consideration of a single physics is no longer
4. Conclusion
enough -- ANSYS 13.0 makes it easier for users with different
This project details the analytical work conducted to
engineering specialties to work collaboratively to exchange
determine the stress distribution and deformation behavior of
data and develop real-world simulations that incorporate
castellated beams.
metaphysics.
Finite element analysis is an extremely useful tool in the
Performance innovation via software and computational
design and analysis of castellated beam. FEA enables a more
power. ANSYS 13.0 can provide speedup ratios that are
complete view of the stress distribution around the holes that
dramatically greater than previous software releases. Complex
would otherwise require extensive strain gauges of the region
metaphysics simulations can be accomplished more quickly
to determine.
and efficiently, speeding up product development and market
This more complete view shows the changing nature of
launch initiatives.
the distribution both around the holes along the span.
It has also been shown that the software predicted the
References
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[1] Amayreh and M.P. Saka “Failure Load Prediction of
The result shows that the stresses determined manually
Castellated Beams Using Artificial Neural Networks”
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Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (Building and
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[2] Benediktas Dervinis, Audronis Kazimieras Kvedaras
5. Scope For Future Investigation
The present study can be extended for future research “Investigation of Rational Depth of Castellated Steel I-
with consideration to the following points: Beams” Journal of Civil Engineering and Management
(2008) PP 163-168.
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APPENDIX 1
About ANSYS, Inc. Yost, J. (2004) Effect of Cope Geometry on the
ANSYS, Inc., founded in 1970, develops and globally Strength and Failure Behavior of Non-Composite Open
markets engineering simulation software and technologies Web Expanded Beams: Research Report 7 to SMI Steel
widely used by engineers, designers, researchers and students Products. Villanova University, July(2004).
[7] Hosain, M.U. and Speirs, W.G., “Experiments on
across a broad spectrum of industries and academia. The
company focuses on the development of open and flexible Castellated Steel Beams,” Supplement to the Welding
solutions that enable users to analyze designs directly on the Journal, August (1973): 329-342.
desktop, providing a common platform for fast, efficient and [8] O. Kohneshpooshi & H.Showkati “Numerical Modeling
cost-conscious product development, from design concept to And Behavior Of Elastic Castellated Section” European
final-stage testing and validation. The company and its global Journal of Scientific Research Vol.31 No.2 (2009) PP
network of channel partners provide sales, support and training 306-318.
for customers. Headquartered in Canonsburg, Pa., U.S.A., with [9] Mohammad Ali lotfollahi-yaghin and hamid ahmadi
more than 60 strategic sales locations throughout the world, “Investigation of Dynamic Properties of Cantilever
ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries employ more than 1,600 Castellated Beams in Comparison with Plain-webbed
people and distribute ANSYS products through a network of

© IEEE 2013
IEEE - 32107
July 3, 2013, Coimbatore, India.
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Technology, ICCTET’13 224

Beams Using White Noise Excitation” (2008) World

Applied Sciences Journal 3 PP 522-530.
[10] Redwood, R. and Demirdjian, S., “Castellated Beam
Web Buckling in Shear,” Journal of Structural
Engineering, October (1998): PP 1202-1207

© IEEE 2013
IEEE - 32107
July 3, 2013, Coimbatore, India.