Theory questions

1. Acceleration vectors are constructed from two velocity vectors.

2. What quantities are shown on a complete motion diagram?
Only the position of the object in each frame of the film, shown as a dot

Only the average velocity vectors (found by connecting each dot in the motion diagram to the next
with a vector arrow)
Only the average acceleration vectors (where each acceleration vector links every two velocity
vectors)

3. The slope at a point on a position-versus-time graph of an object is the object’s instantaneous

velocity at that point.
4. The area under a velocity-versus-time graph of an object is the displacement of the object.
5. At the turning point of an object, only the instantaneous velocity is zero.
6. What are the x- and y-components of vector C⃗ C→?

-4, 2

7. What is the name of the quantity represented as i^? Unit vector in the x-direction
8. A ball is thrown upward at a 45∘ angle. In the absence of air resistance, the ball follows a
parabolic curve.
9. What quantity is represented by the symbol ω? Angular velocity
 10. The object shown in the figure below (from the textbook) is moving around a circle at constant
speed. At this instant, what is the direction of the object's acceleration?

Left

11. The object shown in the figure is moving around a circle. At this instant, the object is slowing
down

12. The propeller blade is speeding up in the direction shown. What can you say about ω and α
 ω < 0, α < 0

13. What is a net force? The vector sum of all forces acting on an object
14. A bobsledder pushes her sled across horizontal snow to get it going, then jumps in. After she
jumps in, the sled gradually slows to a halt. What forces act on the sled just after she's jumped
in?
Gravity, a normal force, and kinetic friction.
15. A ring, seen from above, is pulled on by three forces. The ring is not moving. How big is the force
F?

20sinθ N
16. The weight of an object is what a calibrated spring scale reads.
17. The figure shows a 1.0 kg block being pulled to the right by a 7.0 N force. The block is not
moving. The coefficients of static and kinetic friction are 1.0 and 0.5, respectively. How big is the
friction force acting on the block?

7.0 N

18. The coefficient of static friction is larger than the coefficient of kinetic friction.
19. Which force belongs in a free-body diagram of the apple? force of Earth on apple
20. Which of the following best explains why the tennis ball does not have zero net force acting on
it? Each half of the force pair acts on a different object.
21. A force pair is created when you push on a large crate that rests on the floor. The crate does not
move when pushed. Which free-body diagram correctly represents the forces acting on the crate?
(Note: Vectors are not drawn to scale)

22. What explains the dramatically different magnitudes of accelerations that result when a mosquito
collides head on with a moving truck? unequal masses of the bus and the mosquito
23. A mosquito runs head-on into a truck. Splat! Which is true during the collision?
The mosquito exerts the same force on the truck as the truck exerts on the mosquito.
24. The free-body diagrams of the figure below (from the textbook) show two action/reaction pairs of
forces. Why are forces n⃗T and (F⃗G)T not identified as an action/reaction pair?
 Because action/reaction pairs of forces act on different objects.
25. An acceleration constraint says that in some circumstances two objects must have accelerations
of equal magnitude.
26. All three 50-kg blocks are at rest. The tension in rope 2 is

equal to the tension in rope 1.

27. For uniform circular motion, the net force points toward the center of the circle.
28. An ice hockey puck is tied by a string to a stake in the ice. The puck is then swung in a circle.
What force is producing the centripetal acceleration of the puck?
 Tension in the string.
29. Ball A has half the mass and eight times the kinetic energy of ball B. What is the speed ratio
Va/Vb = 4
30. The figure shows vectors A⃗ and B⃗. The dot product A⃗·B⃗ is ________.

zero
31. A car skids to a halt. Where did its kinetic energy go? To thermal energy
32. Four students run up the stairs in the time shown. Which student has the largest power output?

B
33. A conservative force is a force whose work on a particle is the same along any trajectory
between two points.
34. Mechanical energy is conserved when a system is isolated, nondissipative
35. Impulse is the area under the force-versus-time curve
36. The figure shows a ball bouncing off a wall. The ball's change of momentum is

8 kg m/s
37. Momentum is conserved in an isolated system
38. For a ball that is in free fall motion, momentum is conserved when the system is ball + earth
39. If the larger wheel in turns clockwise, is the angular velocity of the smaller wheel positive or
negative using the convention described in the video?

positive
40. The contact between the two wheels in (Figure 1) means that the following quantities are related.
Sort these quantities by whether they are the same or different for the two wheels.
Same for both wheels

a. tangential speed at the outer edge of the large wheel

b. tangential speed at the outer edge of the small wheel

Different for each wheel

c. angular speed
d. time to complete one revolution
 41. If the larger wheel in (Figure 1) rotates with angular speed
42. ω
43. B
44. ωB, what can you say about the angular speed of the smaller wheel? The angular speed of the
smaller wheel is greater ωB.
45. A baseball bat can be rotated around many different axes of rotation. Three such possibilities are
shown in (Figure 1). Rank the baseball bat's moment of inertia about each of these three axes of
rotation.

Smallest
Largest
B A C
46. Given the same baseball bat and possible axes of rotation shown in, for which axis of rotation
would it be the easiest to rotate the bat from rest? C
47. An object's center of mass is the point about which an unconstrained rotation occurs, and the
mass-weighted center of the object.
48. Moment of inertia is the rotational equivalent of mass.
49. An extended object is in static equilibrium if both the net force acting on the object is zero and
the net torque acting on the object is zero
50. Which of the following objects is in static equilibrium?

Both the sum of the forces and the sum of the torques must be zero
for an extended body to be in static equilibrium.
51. Two children want to balance horizontally on a seesaw. The first child is sitting one meter to the
left of the pivot point located at the center of mass of the seesaw. The second child has one-half
the mass of the first child. Where should the second child sit to balance the seesaw?
2m to the right of the pivot
52. The torque on an object depends on the force, and the angle of the force, and the point at which
the force is applied
 53. Which are true for an object in static equilibrium
The net force is zero.
The net torque is zero.
54. The angular momentum of a particle is perpendicular to its velocity v⃗.
55. For the two vectors in the figure, A⃗ × B⃗ is (12, out of the screen)

56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
s = ut + ½ at2
v = u + at
v2 = u2 + 2as
vav (Average Velocity) = (v+u)/2
Momentum is the product of mass and velocity of a body. Momentum is calculate using the formula: P =
m (mass) x v (velocity)
Force can be defined as something which causes a change in momentum of a body. Force is given by the
celebrated newton’s law of motion: F = m (mass) x a (acceleration)
Impulse is a large force applied in a very short time period. The strike of a hammer is an impulse. Impulse
is given by I = m(v-u)

J=rxp
where J denotes angular momentum, r is radius vector and p is linear momentum.
Torque can be defined as a moment of force. Torque causes rotational motion. The formula for torque is: τ
= r x F, where τ is torque, r is the radius vector and F is linear force.

Centripetal force = mv^2/r

Centripetal acceleration = v^2/r

Center of mass = ΣNi = 1 miri = ΣNi = 1mi

W (Work Done) = F (Force) x D (Displacement)
P.E.(Gravitational) = m (Mass) x g (Acceleration due to Gravity) x h (Height)

The translational kinetic energy is given by ½ m (mass) x v2(velocity squared)

Power P = V x I x Cos Ф
P = I 2 x R x Cos Ф
P = V 2 / R (Cos Ф)
Friction
FHorizontal = μ x M(Mass of solid) x g (acceleration)

Object Axis Moment of

Inertia

Disk Axis parallel to disc, passing through the MR2/2

center

Disk Axis passing through the center and MR2/2

perpendicular to disc

Thin Rod Axis perpendicular to the Rod and passing ML2/12

through center

Solid Axis passing through the center 2MR2/5

Sphere

Solid Axis passing through the center 2MR2/3

Shell