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FACULTY OF COMPUTING
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Numbering system

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N = (c3c2 c1c0 ·c-1c-2 c-3 )B
= (c3 xB3 ) + (c2 xB 2 ) + (c1 xB1 ) + (c0 xB 0 )·(c-1 xB-1 ) + (c-2 xB-2 ) + (c-3 xB-3 )

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Example:

N = 4839.7210  (43823190 . 7-12-2)10

 (4 x 103) + (8 x 102) + (3 x 101) +

 (4 x 1000) + (8 x 100) + (3 x 10) +

 (4000) + (800) + (30) + (9) + (0.7) +

Most significant bit (MSB) Least significant bit (LSB)

N = 4 8 3 9 . 7 2 10
10
Base number

Integer part Fraction part

8
Decimal number

9
Decimal number

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Exercise 2a.1:
Express 567.2310 as a sum of values of each digit.

Solution:
= (5 x 102) + (6 x 101) + (7 x 100) + (2 x 10-1) + (3 x 10-2)
= (5 x 100) + (6 x 10) + (7 x 1) + (2 x 0.1) + (3 x 0.01)
= 500 + 60 + 7 + 0.2 + 0.03

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 Binary number

Example:

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Exercise 2a.2:
Express 110100.0112 as a sum of values of each digit.

Solution:
= (1 x 25) + (1 x 24) + (0 x 23) + (1 x 22) + (0 x 21) +
(0 x 20) + (0 x 2-1) + (1 x 2-2) + (1 x 2-3)

= (1 x 32) + (1 x 16) + (0 x 8) + (1 x 4) + (0 x 2) +
(0 x 1) + (0 x 0.5) + (1 x 0.25) + (1 x 0.125)

= (32) + (16) + (4) + (0.25) + ( 0.125)

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 Octal number

Example:

Is there any errors ?

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 Octal number

0.015625

Example:

+ (6 x 1) + (1 x 0.015625)

(Correction in module)

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 (No digit 8 in octal number system)
Exercise 2a.3:
Express 568.238 as a sum of values of each digit.

Is there any errors ?

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Exercise 2a.3:
Express 567.238 as a sum of values of each digit.

0.015625

Solution:
= (5 x 82) + (6 x 81) + (7 x 80) + (2 x 8-1) + (3 x 8-2)
= (5 x 64) + (6 x 8) + (7 x 1) + (2 x 0.125) + (3 x 0.015625)
= 320+ 48 + 7 + 0.25 + 0.046875

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 Hexadecimal number

Representation of decimal
value into hexadecimal value

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Example:

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 Exercise 2a.4:
Express 567.2316 as a sum of values of each digit.

Solution:
= (5 x 162) + (6 x 161) + (7 x 160) + (2 x 16-1) + (3 x 16-2)
= (5 x 256) + (6 x 16) + (7 x 1) + (2 x 0.0625) + (3 x 0.00390625)
= 1280 + 96 + 7 + 0.125 + 0.1171875

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 Exercise 2a.4b:
Express 5A7.2F16 as a sum of values of each digit.

Solution:
= (5 x 162) + (A x 161) + (7 x 160) + (2 x 16-1) + (F x 16-2)
= (5 x 256) + (10 x 16) + (7 x 1) + (2 x 0.0625) + (15 x 0.00390625)
= 1280 + 160 + 7 + 0.125 + 0.05859375

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Note:
• All examples in previous slide are converting into
decimal number without the total.
• Calculate the value in decimal to those example.

290.86410

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Calculate the value in decimal to all previous exercise.

Exercise 2a.2:
110100.0112 = (32) + (16) + (4) + (0.25) + ( 0.125)
= 52.37510
Exercise 2a.3:
567.238 = (320) + (48) + (7) + (0.25) + (0.046875)
= 375.29687510
Exercise 2a.4:
567.2316 = (1280) + (96) + (7) + (0.125) + (0.1171875)
= 1383.2421910
Exercise 2a.4b:
5A7.2F16 = (1280) + (160) + (7) + (0.125) + (0.05859375)
= 1447.1835910
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Exercise 2a.5:

10 21 1
100 22 11 1010
111 10001
10000 24 1111 11010
100000 25 100011

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Solution:

(c)

(a)

(b)

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successive division

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 Successive Division:
122
Remainder

8 82
8 10 2
1 2

Answer

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Successive Division:
Remainder
101010
2 42
2 21 0
2 10 1
2 5 0

2 2 1

1 0
Answer
28
29
7FF

Remainder
16 2047
16 127 15  F
7 15  F

Answer
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 Successive Division:
Exercise 2a.6:
Remainder
5 A 7 16
144710 = ________ 16 1447
16 90 7
5 10  A

Answer

(inverted from exercise 4b)

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32
 .0101
Answer:
MSB
0 625 0

0.625 1 25 1

0.25 0 5 0

0.5 1 1
LSB

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 .CC49
Answer:
MSB
12 768 12

0.768 12 288 12

0.288 4 608 4

0.608 9 9
LSB

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- Successive division
- Successive multiplication

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Exercise 2a.7:

5A7.2EF
1447.1835910 = ___________ 16

1447 + 0.18359
Successive Division: Successive Multiplication:
(Whole part) (Fraction part)

Remainder
16 1447 0.18359 x 16 = 2.93744  2
16 90 7 0.93744 x 16 = 14.99904  E
0.99904 x 16 = 15.98464  F
5 10  A
(up to 3 fractional points)

(inverted from exercise 4b)

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37
 Binary2  Octal8

2316
8 2n = 8
n=3
3

 LSB
11 00 0 1 1 0 00 11 1 1 0

2 3 1 6

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 Binary2  Hexadecimal16

4CE
2n = 16
n=4
4

 LSB
0 11 00 00 11 11 00 00 11 11 11 00

4 12 14
C E

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40
whole fraction

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 Whole fraction (Binary2  Octal8)

Recall:
2n = 8
n=3
215.644
8
3

010 001 101

2 1 5
3

110 100 100

6 4 4
Whole fraction (Binary2  Hexadecimal16)

Recall:
2n = 16
n=4
8D .D2

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44
 1 2 4 . A B 7
(Whole part) (Fraction part)

623.538 =

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Exercise 2a.8:

101011110010000.01111011
AF90.7B16 = _________________________ 2

Solution:
(Convert each digit into group of 4 bits)

A F 9 0 . 7 B
1010 1111 1001 0000 0111 1011

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 Summary of Number Systems Conversion

Successive Multiplication

Octal8
Fraction

Group

Convert
2n = 8 22 21 20
n=3 4 2 1

Decimal10 Binary2
.

Positional number system

Convert
2n = 16

Group
23 22 21 20
Whole

n=4 8 4 2 1

Hex16
Successive Division

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 Summary of Number Systems Conversion

Successive Multiplication

Octal8
Fraction

78  111
111  78
Group

Convert
2n = 8
n=3

Decimal10 Binary2
.

Positional number system

0111  716

716 0111
Convert
2n = 16

Group
Whole

n=4

Hex16
Successive Division
…23 22 21 20
…8 4 2 1

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