Verb to be (PRESENT)

A. Complete the sentences using: is, am or are.

1. The weather is very nice today. 6. I am hot. Can you turn on the air conditioner?

2. I am tired. 7. This castle is 1,000 years old.

3. This case _is______ very heavy. 8. My brother and I are good tennis players.
4. These cases _are______ very heavy. 9. Ana __is____ at home but her kids
_are______ at school.
5. Look! There _is_____ Carol. 10. I ___am_____ a student. My sister
___is____ a vet.

B. Complete sentences using: am, is or are.

1. My shoes _______ very dirty. 5. The shops ________ (not) open today.
2. My bed ______ very comfortable. 6. Those flowers _______ beautiful.
3. Your cigarettes _______ in your bag. 7. The exam _________ (not) difficult.
4. I _________ (not) happy. 8. Mrs. Kelly’s daughter ______ six years old.

C. Write affirmative or negative sentences.

1. (Paris / the capital of France) Paris is the capital of France.
2. (I / interested in football) I am not interested in football.
3. (I / hungry) ___________________________________________________.
4. (It / warm today) ______________________________________________.
5. (Rome / in Spain) _____________________________________________.
6. (I / afraid of dogs) _____________________________________________.
7. (Diamonds / cheap) ____________________________________________.
8. (Cats / big animals) ____________________________________________.

D. Make questions using the information in parentheses.

1. (your mother at home?) Is your mother at home?
2. (this hotel expensive?) _________________________________________________?
3. (you interested in art?) _________________________________________________?
4. (the shops open today?) ________________________________________________?

E. Answer the following questions about yourself.

1. Are you married? Yes, I am. 6. Is it dark now? ________________
2.Are you tall? No, I am not. 7. Are your hands cold? ______________
3. Is it cold today? _____________________ 8. Are you hungry? ______________
4. Are you a teacher? _________________ 9. Is your father tall? ______________
5. Are you tired? ___________________ 10. Is it sunny today? _______________

F. Match the column A with column B.

A B
1. Are you Pablo? ___ No, they aren’t.
2. Is Susan here? ___ No, it’s Jones.
3. Are you friends? ___ No, she isn’t.
4. Is your last name Smith? ___ No, I’m an engineer.
5. Are they your classmates? ___ No, I’m not.
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 6. Is your house big? ___ Yes, it’s.
7. Are you an architect? ___ Yes, we are.
G. Read the questions and choose the correct Wh- word that completes each.
1. (Where – What – Who) is your name?
2. (Who – Why – How) old are you?
3. (What – When – Why) is your birthday?
4. (What – How – Who) is your telephone number?
5. (Why – Where – How) are you happy?
6. (When – What – Where) is your favorite football team?
7. (Why – Where – What) are your sisters studying?
8. (When – How – Who) many brothers and sisters do you have?
9. (Where – When – Why) do you live?
10. (When – What – Who) do you go to Paris?
11. (What – Who – Why) is your English teacher?

H. Make questions using: What, Who, How, Where or Why .

1. (what color your car?) What color is your car?

2. (where my key?) Where______________________________________________________.
3. (where my socks?)
__________________________________________________________.
4. (how old your father?) How
___________________________________________________.
5. (how much these shoes?) ____________________________________________________.
6. (who your favorite actor?)
____________________________________________________.
I. Unscramble the words to make questions.
1. are / your parents / where Where are your parents?
2. in / is / the car/ who __________________________________________________?
3. from / where / they / are ______________________________________________?
4. who / in your garden / is / the woman _____________________________________?
5. my shoes / are / where _________________________________________________?

Simple present tense

A. Label the pictures using the words from the box.

find play cut fix draw laugh drink fight cry eat hit cook sing read

1. _______play____ 2. ___sing____ 3. __eat___ 4. __read_ 5.

__drink____________

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6. _cook_____ 7. __cook_____ 8. _laugh________ 9. draw________ 10. cry___________

11. _fight________ 12.

___ find_____ 13. _hit______ 14.
__fi x_________

B. Write the form of these verbs used for: he, she or it.
1. read reads 4. listen _listens_ 7. push __pushes__ 10. kiss _kisses___
2. repair __repairs_____ 5. love _loves___ 8. do ___does__ 11. buy __buys_____
3. watch ____watches__ 6. have _has___ 9. think _thinks___ 12. go _goes_

C. Choose the correct verb in each of the sentences below.

1. Carlos like / likes ice cream.
2. Tomoko want / wants a new bike. 7. Julia come / comes from England.
3. Many people think / thinks it’s good.
8. Birds fly / flies in the sky.
4. I hate / hates parties.
5. They go / goes to school on Saturdays. 9. New York have / has many tall buildings.
6. We laugh / laughs at her jokes.
10. You does / do your homework every night.
D. Rewrite the sentences into negative form.
1. I go to school every day. 11. Jane and Sandra wants / want to travel a lot.
___________________________________________________________.
2. Hugh has breakfast at seven. 12. Sherrie eats / eat lunch before class.
______________________________________________________.
3. Thomas and Nick play tennis all day.
________________________________________________.
4. I read a lot of books.
______________________________________________________________.
5. Cindy likes ice cream.
________________________________________________________.

E. Write the opposite form.

1. I understand. I don’t understand.
2. He doesn’t smoke. He ______________________________________.
3. They know. They ___________________________________________.
4. She loves him. _____________________________________________.
5. They speak French. ________________________________________.
6. I don’t want it. _____________________________________________.
7. He lives in Italy. ____________________________________________.

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F. Write don’t or doesn’t in the blank space in each case.
1. Mr. Johnson ______________ have a private office.
2. The boys _______________ study at the library every day.
3. These exercises _______________ see very difficult.
4. It _______________ rain very much in June and July.
5. The men ________________ always eat at that cafeteria.
6. I _______________ eat at that cafeteria every day.
7. That tall man ______________ work for this company.
8. The people _______________ speak English very well.
9. The Wilsons ______________ watch TV at night.
10. Miss Patterson _____________ write reports for her boss.
G. Write in the blank space Do or Does.
1. Do the students study hard every day?
2. Does Mrs. Brown go to her office every day?
3. __________ the children go to bed early?
4. __________ you know that Italian student?
5. __________ your English lessons seem difficult?
6. __________ you have a good dictionary?
7. ___________ those two women understand the lesson?
H. Unscramble the words in order to make questions.
1. smoke / do / you
_____________________________________________________________ ?
2. live / you / do / in a big city _______-
_______________________________________________?
3. drink / you / a lot of coffee / do
___________________________________________________?
4. does / your mother / speak / English
______________________________________________?
5. play / you / do / a musical instrument -
_____________________________________________?

I. Complete the questions with: Does, Do, Is or Are. Then answer them.
1. ________ Canada in the north of the United States? Yes, it is.
2. Does Mexico have a king? _______________________________.
3. ________ Texas part of Mexico? ______________________________.
4. ________ Brazilians speak Spanish? ___________________________.
5. ________ cats eat mice? ___________________________.

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 Present continuous
A. Follow the spelling rules to write the –ing form of these verbs.
swim ___________________ fly ___________________ have
___________________
hit _____________________ go ____________________ shop
___________________
come __________________ stop __________________ hide
___________________
lose ___________________ cry ___________________ take
___________________
live ____________________ buy __________________ cut
____________________
organize _______________ be ____________________ put
____________________
say ____________________ write __________________ make
__________________
fix _____________________ know __________________ order
__________________
see ___________________ meet __________________ blow
___________________
forget __________________ play ___________________ begin
__________________

B. Complete the sentences using am / is / are + one of the following verbs.

building coming having playing cooking standing swimming
1. Listen! Pat is playing the piano.
2. They ______________________ a new hotel in the city center at the moment.
3. Look! Somebody _______________________ in the river.
4. You _______________________ on my foot! Oh, I’m sorry.
5. Hurry up! The bus ________________________.
6. Where are you, George? In the kitchen. I ________________________ a meal.
7. A: Can I speak to Ann please?
B: She _______________________ a shower at the moment.
C. What is happening right now? Write true sentences.
1. (I / wash / my hair) I’m not washing my hair.
2. (It / snow) It isn’t snowing.
3. (I / sit / on a chair) ________________________________________.
4. (I /eat) __________________________________________________.
5. (It / rain) ________________________________________________.
6. (I / learn / English) ________________________________________.

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 7. (I / wear / shoes) _________________________________________.
D. What differences are there between picture A and B? Write two sentences in each case. Follow
the example.

1. In A the man is smoking a cigarette. In B he is eating an apple.

2. In A the man _____________________. In B he ____________________________.
3. In A _____________________________. In B _______________________________.
4. ______________________________________________________________________.
5. _____________________________________________________________________.
6. _____________________________________________________________________.

E. Answer the questions using short answers.

1. Are you watching TV? No, I’m not.
2. Are you wearing shoes? _________________.
3. Are you wearing a hat? _________________.
4. Is it raining? ________________.
5. Are you eating? ________________.
6. Are you feeling well? _______________.
7. Is the sun shining? ________________.
8. Is your mother watching you? _____________.

Present continuous (wh- questions)

F. Look at the pictures and write questions using the following verbs.

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1. What is she reading? 4. What _______________________?
2. Where _______________________? 5. What _______________________?
3. Why _________________________? 6. Why _______________________?

G. Write appropriate questions with the following information.

1. (you / watch / tv?) Are you watching TV?

2. (the children / play?) __________________________?
3. (what / you / do?) _____________________________?
4. (what / Rod / do?) _____________________________?
5. (it / rain?) ____________________________________?
6. (you / write / a letter?) __________________________?
7. (why / you / run?) _____________________________?

Simple Present or Present Continuous

A. Complete the following sections using the tense given.
SIMPLE PRESENT
1. My sister _______________ (ask) a lot of questions.
2. She ______________ (go) to school from Monday to Friday.
3. ____________ he _________________ (understand) Arabic?
4. I _____________________ (not/ go) to school by bus.
5. What ____________ you usually ______________ (do) after school?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
1. Josh _________________________ (drink) coffee now.
2. We_______________________ (not/ watch) TV at the moment.
3. They ________________________ (visit) their grandmother today.
4. __________ you __________________ (wait) for your mom?
5. I _______________________ (read) a book.
B. Underline the best form to complete the sentences.
1. At this moment I _____ to my parents. 8. I can't help you just now. I _____ for my
History test.
a) am writing b) writes c) write a) ‘m studying b) studying c) are
studying
2. I _____ to my parents every weekend. 9. I _____ to the cinema once a month.
a) write b) am writing c) is writes a) am going b) goes c) go
3. Look! It _____! 10. My brother can't come to the phone. He
_____.
a) rains b) is raining c) are raining a) am sleeping b) is sleeping c)sleeps
4. The Earth _____ round. 11. My friend Peter _____ his homework
now.
a) is being b) are c) is a) is doing b) does c) do
5. I usually _____ up at 7 o'clock. 12. At the moment I _____ in a small flat.
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 a) get b) am getting c) is gets a) live b) am living c) lives
6. What _____ at the moment? 13. I never _____ out alone at night. It's
very dangerous!
a) do you do b) are you doing c) does you a) am going b) go c) is
going
7. He _____ two liters of water a day. 14. My parents ____ to the shopping
centre on Sundays.
a) is drinking b) drinks c) drink a) go b) are going c) going

C. Circle the right answer.

1. Vegetarians are people who ……………………… meat.
a) not eat b) aren’t eating c) don’t eat

2. Look! The teacher …………………………………. Sit down!

a) is coming b) coming c) comes

3. ………………………………… the answer for my question?

a) Are you knowing b) Does you know c) Do you know

4. What time …………………… Kate ………………………… her school on Fridays?

a) Is / finish b) does / finishes c) does / finish

5. I usually ………………………… coffee but today I ……………………………… tea.

a) drinks / drinking b) drink / am drinking c) am drinking / drink

6. ……………………… she ………………………… a book now?

a) Is / reading b) Does / read c) Does / reading

D. Underline the correct form of the verb in the following negative sentences.
1. You don’t see / aren’t seeing / isn’t seeing her every day.
2. The baby doesn’t sleep / isn’t sleeping / don’t sleep at the moment.
3. I am not reading / don’t read / aren’t reading a book now.
4. We isn’t going / don’t go / doesn’t go to school on Sundays.
5. He isn’t watching / don’t watch / doesn’t watch the news every day.
E. Fill in the blanks using the right tense
My friends, Beth, Lori and I ___________________ (1. be) on vacation this week in
California. We _____________________ (2. have) a good time. Beth _____________________
(3. like) to exercise at the health club, but she _____________________ (4. not exercise) today.
She _____________________ (5. shop) clothes. I _____________________ (6. watch) TV and
_____________________ (7. eat) chocolate cake. It _____________________ (8. have) a lot of
sugar, but it’s ok. I _____________________ (9. eat) a small piece. Lori _____________-
________ (10. be) tired. She _____________________ (11. write) a letter to her friend in
England.
F. Change the verb into the correct form.
1. Let's go out. It _______________ (not rain) now.
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 2. Mark is great at languages. He ____________ (speak) Spanish, French and German.
3. I usually ______________ (watch) TV after dinner, but now I ________________ (not
watch) TV.
4. "Can Peter drive?" He ____________ (learn). His father _______________ (teach) him.
5. "Be quiet! I ____________ (try) to watch this film!"
6. The earth ____________ (go) around the sun.
7. What ____________ John ____________ (do) in this moment?
8. Peter ____________ (not like) sports, but he ____________ (watch) a football match
now.
9. Where is Steven? ____________ he ____________ (do) his homework?

Prepositions
A. Complete the e-mail message with prepositions of time and place: on, in, or at.
Hi Hiroko: Are you busy______ Monday night? There’s a free concert of African music right
near your office ________ the Stern Art Center. Sounds like a great show! It starts ______ 7:30.
I’ll be ________ work until 5:00, but I could meet you _______ 5:15 or 5:30 _______ the center
of Grand and Crane. We could have something to eat before the concert. What do you think? The
price is right!

B. Complete with: on, in, or at.

1. When’s the movie? The movie is __________ Friday __________ 8:30.
2. __________ the weekend, I’m going to the concert __________ the public library.
3. Where is he? He’s not here right now. He’s __________ work.
4. Where’s his office? It’s __________ the center of town.
5. When was her mother born? She was born __________ January 1.

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6. When does the movie take place? It takes place __________ the 19th century __________
Africa.
7. There is a ticket booth __________ the center of town.
8. Is the concert hall __________ Grove Street?
9. I think the theater is __________ the right side of the street.
10. The theater is __________ 10 Bank St.

Quantifiers
A. Circle the best option.
1. She has (a lot of / much) work to do today.
2. We don’t have (many / much) milk, so we have to buy some.
3. How (much / many) siblings do you have?
4. I want to bake a cake but there is (any / no) butter in the fridge.
5. She doesn’t want (some / any) dolls for Christmas.
6. Mary likes reading. She has (some / no / a lot of) books in her bedroom.
7. Would you like (any / some) help?
B. Fill in the blanks with one of the following quantifiers: some, any, no, much, many, or a
lot of.
1. How _________ money do you have?
2. How _________ bottles of juice do you have?
3. They don’t want ___________ help.
4. I’m looking for __________ good music.
5. There is __________________ traffic in the streets these days.
6. Look! There are __________ pens on the floor.
7. Are there _________ problems with your work?
8. There aren’t _________ people in this village.
9. __________________ cars are equipped with GPS systems.
10. Does she spend __________________ money on clothes?
C. Complete the statements with: little, a little, few or a few.
1. Listen to me. You need _____________________ advice.
2. When he goes on holiday, he takes _____________ books.
3. The North Koreans have _____________ food; in fact, some are starving.
4. Can I ask you ______________ questions?
5. You have very _____________ patience. You’re always yelling at the children.
6. The government is closing schools that have too ____________ pupils.

Sequence adverbs
A. Here’s a recipe for a mushroom omelet. Look at the picture and number the sentences
from 1 to 5.

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B. Fill in the blanks with the right sequence adverb: First, Then, Next, After that, Finally.
1. __________ a plant grows. It needs water and light.
2. _______________ bees come to the flower and it makes new seeds.
3. _______________ new plants, flowers and seeds grow again.
4. The seeds fall to the ground again and the wind takes the seeds to new soil.
5. _______________ seeds fall to the ground and their roots grow into the soil.
6. _______________ a flower grows.

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

A. Circle the adjectives with opposite meanings.
1. conservative popular good bad 6. different similar nice formal
2. comfortable large sweet small 7. heavy old big new
3. gorgeous difficult easy loose 8. liberal portable short long
4. interesting pretty fat boring 9. light flattering heavy unusual
5. expensive hot cheap wild 10. noisy poisonous quiet valuable
B. Write the opposite adjectives.
1. friendly _____________________________ 6. dangerous
_________________________
2. expensive __________________________ 7. weak
______________________________
3. slow _______________________________ 8. boring
_____________________________
4. attractive __________________________ 9. large
______________________________
5. polite ______________________________ 10. beautiful
__________________________
C. Fill in all the gaps with the correct forms of the adjectives.
1. _______________ - longer - _______________ 9. old - _______________ -
________________
2. _______________ - ______________ worst 10. happy - ______________ -
______________
3. difficult - ________________ - ______________ 11. _____________ - ______________
- nicest
4. ______________ - ______________ - nearest 12. large - ______________ -
_______________
5. _______________ - _______________ - busiest 13. good - ______________ -
_______________
6. many - _______________ - ______________ 14. beautiful - ______________ -
______________
7. big - _______________ - _______________ 15. easy - ______________ -
_______________

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 8. much - _______________ - _______________ 16. little - ______________ -
_______________

D. Choose one of the adjectives to complete the sentences in the comparative form.
rich friendly hot interesting pretty
1. I think chemistry is ________________________ than math.
2. San Diego is a _____________________________ city than L.A.
3. A dog is usually ____________________________than a cat.
4. It is _______________ than it was yesterday.
5. My cousin is __________________ than I am.
E. Read and write the comparative or superlative form of the adjective.
1. He was the __________________ (clever) thief of all.
2. New York is __________________ (big) than Paris.
3. An elephant is __________________ (heavy) than a fly.
4. A Mini Cooper is __________________ (cheap) than a Jaguar.
5. Rugby is __________________ (funny) than football.
6. Mary is the __________________ (pretty) of all.
7. Tom is the __________________ (tall) of the class.
8. They are the __________________ (ugly) boys in the world.
9. Non-smokers usually live __________________ (long) than smokers.

F. Complete the conversations with the comparative or the superlative form of the adjective
in ( ).
1. A: Which one of these three sweaters do you think is ___________________ (pretty)?
B: The blue one. The other two are not attractive at all.
2. A: Do you like the book?
B: No, I don’t like it. It’s _____________ than the one I read yesterday. (good)
3. A: Did you enjoy Australia?
B: Yes, I think it’s one of the _________________________ (interesting) places in the
world.
4. Who is ____________ (good) at baseball, you or your brother?
Actually, my dad is the _____________ (good) player in the family.
5. A: Which laptop is _______________________ (popular)?
B: Well, the X102 is the ___________ (cheap) model in the store. But I actually
recommend the
X200. It’s a little __________________________ (expensive) than the X102.

Comparisons with adjectives and nouns

A. Complete the sentences using: just as …. as, as many …. as or as much …. as and the
words given.

1. My new apartment doesn’t have __________________________________ my old one.

(windows)

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 2. Our house is ________________________________________________ your apartment.
(convenient)
3. Modern apartments often don’t have ____________________________________ older
ones. (space)
4. The rent of an apartment is _______________________ the house, but the house is bigger.
(expensive)
Conjunctions
A. Choose the best conjunction for each statement: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
1. He arrived home, had a shower ______________ sat down in the living room.
2. Mom was very tired after doing the housework ____________ she had a rest.
3. The post has already arrived _____________ there are not letters for you.
4. You can go to the cinema ____________ stay at home __________ watch the film.
5. They sent me a present ____________ bought me a cake for my birthday.
6. Their car was very old____________ they decided to buy a new one.
7. My brother’s girlfriend is very kind _____________ often helps me with my homework
8. You can take the bus to London ____________ wait for the 10:30 train.
9. She looks very happy _______________ she must have passed her exam.

Subordinating conjunctions
A. Choose the best conjunction for each sentence.
1. Jerry passed the exam the first time ________ I had to retake it three times.
while / as
2.________ it was raining, I didn't get wet.
Although / Because
3.________ Mei Li doesn't speak English; she can't go to university in Canada.
Since / Whereas
4. I will be late today ________ my car has broken down.
because / though
5.________ my wife likes to travel abroad, I prefer to stay at home for my vacations.
Since / Whereas
6. Joe couldn't buy any Christmas presents ________ he didn't have any money.
because / even though

B. Combine the sentences using the subordinating conjunction given at the end of the
sentence.
Example: Surfing is fun. It can be dangerous. (though)
Surfing is fun, though it can be dangerous .
1. Deer are cute. They eat all your flowers. (although)
_______________________________________________________________________
2. The boat could not move. There was no wind. (since)
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Some apples are red. Others are green. (while)
_______________________________________________________________________
4. You should stay away from bears. They are dangerous. (because)
_______________________________________________________________________
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 5. I took my umbrella. It was raining. (as)
_______________________________________________________________________

C. Select the best answer.

1. Builders use plywood in the construction of small boats ......... it is easy to shape.
a) although b) because c) after d) while
2. I haven't spoken with Jane ......... she moved.
a) unless b) while c) since d) although
3. Airplanes sometimes fly to unscheduled cities ......... the weather is bad.
a) when b) where c) wherever d) whereas
4. Please read the book ......... it's still available in the library.
a) before b) although c) since d) while
5. Everybody had dessert ......... they finished eating the main course.
a) while b) because c) until d) after
6. The school party won't begin ......... the last class of the day has ended.
a) until b) so that c) since d) than
7. Elena will groom the horse in the morning ......... she can ride it in the afternoon.
a) until b) unless c) so that d) when
8. You will receive extra credit ......... you turn in your project early.
a) although b) than c) if d) unless
9. The concert will end at 10:30 p.m. ......... the audience insists on several encores.
a) while b) unless c) though d) as
10. ......... they feel threatened, dogs sometimes display aggressive behavior.
a) Until b) During c) When d) Before

Verb to Be (past)
A. Where were these people at 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon?

1. George was in bed. 4. Mr. and Mrs. Baker

____________________________.
2. Carol and Jack _______________________. 5. Ben
____________________________________.
3. Sue _________________________________. 6. I
______________________________________.
B. Use was, wasn’t, were, or weren’t.
1. It (O) ____________ hot yesterday.
2. We (O) ___________ here this morning.
3. The baby (P) ___________ awake all night.
4. My parents (P) __________annoyed when I arrived late.
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 5. I (P) ___________ good at English last year.
C. Write: was, wasn’t, were or weren’t.
1. We didn’t like our hotel room. It was very small and it wasn’t very clean.
2. Kate got married when she _________ 24 years old.
3. I phoned you yesterday but you __________ at home. Where _________ you?
4. George __________ at work last week because he __________ ill. He’s better now.
5. The shops ___________ open yesterday because it ___________ a public holiday.
6. _________ you at home at 9:30? “No, I ___________. I ________ at work”.
D. Fill in the blanks using was, wasn’t, were or weren’t.
1. _____________ you at the disco last night? Yes, I _____________.
2. _____________ it a good party? No, it _____________.
3. _____________ they late for school today? Yes, they _____________.
4. _____________ he happy yesterday? No, he _____________.
E. Write the appropriate question in each case.

1. I saw a film. (good?) Was it good?

2. I met some people. (friendly?) __________________________________?
3. I had an exam. (difficult?) __________________________________?
4. I bought some boots. (expensive?) _______________________________?
5. I went to a museum. (interesting?) _______________________________?

F. The following sentences are in present and past. Write am, is, are, was or were.
1. Last year she was 22, so she is 23 now.
2. Today the weather _______ nice, but yesterday it ______ cold.
3. I _____ hungry. Can I have something to eat?
4. I _____ hungry last night, so I had something to eat.
5. Where ______ you at 11 o’clock last Friday night?
6. Don’t buy those shoes. They ______ too expensive.
7. Why _____ you so angry yesterday?
8. Let’s go now. It _____ very late!
9. We ______ tired when we arrived home, so we went to bed.
10. Charlie Chaplin died in 1978. He ______ a famous film star.
11. “Where ______ the children?” “I don’t know. They ______ in the garden 10 minutes ago.”

Simple Past Tense (regular and irregular verbs)

A. Change these verbs in past tense, remember to follow the spelling rules for the –ed
ending.
1. return _________________ 5. try _________________ 9. rain
__________________

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 2. like ___________________ 6. stay ________________ 10. wait
__________________
3. change _______________ 7. travel ______________ 11. offer
__________________
4. cry ___________________ 8. arrive ______________ 12. hurry
_________________

B. These are irregular verbs. Change them into past.

1. eat __________________ 5. write _______________ 9. buy
____________________
2. drink _________________ 6. meet _______________ 10. read
__________________
3. swim ________________ 7. run _________________ 11. pay
___________________
4. understand _______________ 8. begin _______________ 12. go
___________________

C. Change the verbs into past, then use them to complete the sentences.

chat _________ do __________ enjoy __________ have _____________ tidy ___________

1. Joe’s party was great! We ____________ fun.
2. I ______________ my homework after dinner.
3. I ______________ on the phone for hours last night.
4. I ______________ my bedroom last week.
5. Martha and Chris _____________ their holiday.

D. Write affirmative or negative sentences.

1. Sara / not study / yesterday Sara didn’t study yesterday.
2. She / feel / nervous / before the test
___________________________________________________.
3. She / not copy / her friend’s / answer
__________________________________________________.
4. I / play / basketball / last Saturday
____________________________________________________.
5. We / not win / the match
_____________________________________________________________.

F. Change the verbs into past tense. Then complete the text using them.
do ____________ not do ____________ go ____________ have ____________ help
___________
listen __________ speak __________ eat _________ not tidy ____________ not meet
_____________

16
 My mom and dad _____________ away for the weekend, so my brother and I __________ a
party. It was great fun. We ____________ lots of food and ____________ to music. I
____________ to Sam, the boy I like from my music club! Mom and dad were angry because
we ____________ the house, and we ____________ our homework. So on Sunday, we
____________ our friends at the sports center like we usually do. We ____________ our
homework and we ____________ mom and dad clean up!

G. Circle the mistakes in these sentences and write the correct word on the line.
1. My best friend were upset this morning. ____________
2. I didn’t went shopping yesterday. ____________
3. I feeled excited before my holiday. ____________
4. Was you at home yesterday? _____________
5. Did go they to the disco last night? ____________

H. What did you do yesterday? Write positive or negative sentences.

1. (watch TV) _____________________________________________________.
2. (get up before 7o’clock) __________________________________________.
3. (have a shower) _________________________________________________.
4. (buy a magazine) ________________________________________________.
5. (eat meat) ______________________________________________________.

I. Complete the questions and short answers using the following verbs.
go have meet rain study
1. A: Did you go swimming last night? B: Yes, I did.
2. A: __________________ her friends this morning? B: No, she ____________.
3. A: __________________ pizza for lunch? B: No, I ______________.
4. A: __________________ French last year? B: Yes, they __________.
5. A: __________________ yesterday? B: Yes, it ____________.

J. Unscramble the words in order to make questions.

1. A: ____________________________________________________________________?
you / go / where / on vacation / last summer / did
B: We went to the mountains. It was very nice.
2. A: ____________________________________________________________________?
get back / did / from vacation / when / you
B: We got back last week. I´m sorry we didn’t call you.
3. A: ____________________________________________________________________?
did / a good flight / have / they
B: Well, they said it was really scenic. So I guess so.
4. A: ____________________________________________________________________?
in London / what / did / do / you
B: We went to see some plays and we visited a few museums.
5. A: ____________________________________________________________________?
their trip / did / enjoy / your parents
B: Well, almost. There were some problems, but I think they had a good time.

Past continuous or progressive Tense

17
A. Write positive sentences in past progressive.
1. you / play / cards You were playing cards.
2. Alice / walk / around the lake
____________________________________________________.
3. Carol / listen / to the radio
____________________________________________________.
4. Lynda / look / for her ring
___________________________________________________.
5. Fiona and Sam / visit / the castle
____________________________________________________.
6. Kim and I / watch / a movie
____________________________________________________.
7. My sister / feed / the birds
____________________________________________________.
8. Greg and Phil / count / their money
___________________________________________________.

B. Decide whether to use was or were.

1. My friends was / were watching the match on TV.
2. The children was / were brushing their teeth.
3. It was / were snowing.
4. Anne and Maureen was / were singing.
5. The dog was / were barking.
6. The soccer team was / were training.

C. Write negative sentences in past progressive.

1. Sarah and Luke weren’t working (not / work).
2. Mister Miller _____________________ (not / teach) chemistry.
3. Taylor and Bob ______________________ (not / cycle) home.
4. Annie’s best friend _______________________ (not / clean) the table.
5. Benjamin _________________________ (not / write) an e-mail.
6. Jane ________________________ (not / exercise) in the gym.

D. Write the sentences into question form.

1. Rachel was feeding the cat. Was Rachel feeding the cat?
2. The children were painting a picture.
____________________________________________.
3. Clark was repairing his computer.
_______________________________________________.
4. Hazel was swimming in the pool.
________________________________________________.
5. Lucas was having a shower.
___________________________________________________.
6. Jason and Aaron were running.
_________________________________________________.

E. Ask for the information in the bold part of the sentence. Use: When, Who, What, Where
or Why.
18
 1. On May 15th, Phil was translating the document.
___________________________________.
2. Sheila was waiting at the park.
___________________________________________________.
3. The pupils were talking about the United States.
___________________________________.
4. The boss was dictating a letter.
___________________________________________________.
5. Barbara was crying because her dog was lost.
______________________________________.

Past Simple vs Past Continuous

A. Complete the sentences with simple past or past continuous.
1. My brother ____________________ (skate) when he ___________________ (break) his
leg in
several pieces.

2. Several years ago, I ____________________ (have) problems with math, so I __________

____________ (find) a teacher to help me.

3. The couple _________________ (have) their first child while they __________________
(live)
in a tiny apartment.

4. While I ____________________ (drive) in Ireland a few years ago, I ____________

(realize)
I was on the wrong side of the road.

5. Janet __________________ (read) a good book, but someone ________________ (tell)

her the ending.

7. While my mother __________________ (cook) dinner last night, the phone

_______________ (ring)
three times.
B. Look at the pictures and write sentences using the simple past or past continuous.
Example: (Jack / read / a book) Jack was reading a book.
(The phone / ring ) The phone rang.
(He / answer / the phone) He answered the phone.

(Tom / walk / down the street

Tom ___________________________________________
(He / see / Jack)
_______________________________________________
(He / say / hello)
_______________________________________________

(They / sit / in the garden)

_______________________________________________
(It / start / to rain)
_______________________________________________
(They / go / into the house)
_______________________________________________
19
(Carol / paint / the room)
_______________________________________________
(She / fall / off the ladder)
_______________________________________________
(She / break / her arm)
 used to

D. Use past continuous or simple past to complete the sentences.

1. When we went (go) out, it was raining (rain).
2. I wasn’t hungry last night. I ___________________ (not /eat) anything.
3. _________________________ (you/ watch) TV when I ______________ (phone) you?
4. Jane wasn’t at home when I went to see her. She __________________ (work).
5. The postman ______________ (come) while I ______________________ (have) breakfast.
6. The boys ______________ (break) the window while they _________________ (play)
soccer.
7. My friends ____________________ (wait) for me when I _______________ (arrive).
8. He __________________ (not/ drive) fast when the accident ______________ (happen).
9. Margaret ________________ (not/ go) to work yesterday. She was ill.
10. What _________________ (she / do) yesterday at 5:00 o’clock? She was waiting for her
boyfriend.

Used to
A. Tom is thinking about when he was a teenager. Many things have changed!
Look at the speech bubbles and write sentences about his thoughts using:
“used to”.

1. Tom used to hate

cucumber.
2. ____________________________________________________.
3. ____________________________________________________.
4. ____________________________________________________.
5. ____________________________________________________.
6. ____________________________________________________.
7. ____________________________________________________.

20
B. Susan has changed a lot since she was 18. Look at the sentences below.
How did she used to be? Write the opposite, using “used to”.

10 years ago

She used to be slim.

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

Relative clauses

A. Write definitions for these different kinds of movies. Use relative clauses and the phrases
in the box.

has cowboys is scary has lots of excitement has singing and dancing makes you laugh
1. An action movie is a movie that has lots of excitement.
2. A comedy _is a movie that makes you
laugh_______________________________________________.
3. A western movie__is a movie which has
cowboys_________________________________________.
4. A horror film _is a movie that is
scary___________________________________________________.
5. A musical _is a movie that has singing and dancing_______________________________.

B. Circle the relative pronoun on each sentence and write on the line the one that
substitutes it.
Use: who or which.
1. The Godfather is a movie that has been very popular for a long time. ________________
2. A Beautiful Mind is a movie that is based on a true story about a troubled genius.
_______________
3. Bill Murray is the actor that was nominated for this role in Lost in Translation.
________________
4. Charlie Chaplin was an actor that was known for his roles in silent films.
________________

21
 5. Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon is a great movie that won a lot of awards.
________________
6. Fred Astaire was an actor and dancer that made a lot of films about 50 years ago.
______________
C. Write sentences about what these people said, use: who or whose.

1. I met somebody whose mother writes detective stories.

2. I met a man _____________________________________________________.
3. I met a woman ___________________________________________________.
4. I met somebody __________________________________________________.
5. I met a couple ___________________________________________________.
6. I met a person ________________________________________________________.
D. Read and choose the correct relative pronoun for each sentence.
1. An architect is someone whose / where / who designs buildings.
2. Mr. Richards, who / which / whose is a taxi driver, lives on the corner.
3. This is the girl who / which / whose comes from Spain.
4. A cemetery is a place that / where / whose people are buried.
5. Thank you very much for your e-mail who / which / whose was very interesting.
6. The man, who / which / whose father is a professor, forgot his umbrella.
7. The car, who / which / whose driver is a young man, is from Ireland.
8. The place that / whose / where we spent our holidays was really beautiful.
9. An orphan is a child whose / who / where parents are dead.
10. This school is only for kids whose / who first language is not English.

Present perfect
A. Complete the charts.
present past p. participle
have …………..
be
fall
sleep
eat
B. Look at the pictures, what has happened?
win
write

1. (he / clean / his shoes) meet

He has cleaned his shoes.
drink 22
 2. (she / close / the door)

3. (they / go / to bed)

4. (it / stop / raining)

5. (the picture / fall down)

C. Use the verbs in parenthesis in order to complete the sentences in present perfect tense.
1. Are they still having dinner? No, they have finished.
2. I _______________ (buy) some new shoes. Do you want to see them?
3. Where are my glasses? I don’t know. I _______________ (not / see) them.
4. _________ you ______________ (do) the shopping? No, I’m going to do it later.
5. Where are Laura’s keys? She __________________ (not / find) them.
6. Look! Somebody _________________ (break) that window.
7. Your house looks different. __________ you ______________ (paint) it?
8. I can’t find my umbrella. Somebody _________________ (take) it.
9. I’m looking for Sarah. Where ________ she ______________ (go)?
10. Do you want the newspaper? No, thanks. I ________________ (read) it.
D. Mary is 65 years old and she has had an interesting life. Write sentences about her.
1. (she / do / many different jobs) She has done many different jobs.
2. (she / travel / to many places) She
________________________________________________.
3. (she / do / a lot of interesting things)
_______________________________________________.
4. (she / write / ten books)
__________________________________________________________.
5. (she / meet / a lot of important people)
_____________________________________________.
6. (she / be / married five times)
_____________________________________________________.

E. Make questions starting with: Have you ever…

ANN
YOU

23
 1. (Paris?) Have you ever been to Paris? No, never.
2. (play / golf?) Have you ever played golf? Yes, many times.
3. (lose / your passport?) ________________________________? Yes, once.
4. (sleep / in a park?) ___________________________________? No, never.
5. (eat / Chinese food?) _________________________________? Yes, a few minutes ago.
6. (win / a lot of money?) ________________________________? No, never.
7. (break / a window?) __________________________________? Yes, once.
F. Taking into account Ann’s answers, compare her experience with yours.
ANN YOU
1. Ann has never been to Paris. I have been to Paris or I have never been to
Paris.
2. She has played golf many times. I
_________________________________________
3. __________________________________
__________________________________________
4. __________________________________
__________________________________________
5. __________________________________
__________________________________________
G. Circle the best option.
1. He’s on holiday at the moment. He’s been / gone to Spain.
2. Where’s Jill? She isn’t here. I think she’s been / gone to the bank.
3. Hello, Pat. Where have you been / gone?
4. Have you ever been / gone to Greece? No, never.
5. My parents aren’t at home this evening. They’ve been / gone out.
6. There’s a new restaurant in town. Have you ever been / gone to it?
7. Paris is a wonderful city. I’ve been / gone there many times.
8. Helen was here earlier but I think she’s been / gone now.
H. Complete and choose.
1. Jill is in London. She has been in London since / for Monday.
2. I know George. I ________________ him since / for a long time.
3. They are married. They _______________ married since / for 1993.
4. Brian is ill. He ________________ ill since / for a week.
5. We live in this house. We _________________ here since / for ten years.
6. We are waiting for you. We ________________ waiting since / for 8 o’clock.
7. Alice works in a bank. She _________________ in a bank since / for five years.
I. Write the time expressions into the correct columns
for (a period of time up to the present) since (time the action started)
___________________________ ___________________________
February two o’clock
___________________________ ___________________________ a few hours yesterday
___________________________ ___________________________ two weeks five days
___________________________ ___________________________ this morning 1991
___________________________ ___________________________ six seconds a long time
J. Look at the pictures and write sentences using the words below.

24
 1. They have been
married for ten years.
3. _______________________________________
2. _________________________________________ 4.
_______________________________________

Present perfect (just, already and yet)

A. Write what these people have just done. Use the following verbs: start, wake up, arrive,
buy.

1. They have just arrived.

2. He ________________________________.
3. They ________________________________.
4. The race _____________________________.
B. Complete the sentences. Use already + present perfect.
1. What time is Paul arriving? He has already arrived.
2. Do Sue and Bill want to see the film? No, they __________________________ it.
3. Don’t forget to phone Tom. I _________________________________him.
4. When is Martin going away? He _______________________________ away.
5. Do you want to read the newspaper? I _________________________________ it.
6. When does Linda start her new job? She ____________________________ her new job.

C. Write an affirmative sentence with just or a negative sentence with yet.

25
 1. She hasn’t gone out yet. 4. _________________________.
2. The bus __________________. 5. _________________________.
3. __________________________. 6. _________________________.

Simple past vs Present perfect

A. Put the verbs into the correct tense.
1. Mary (win) __________________________ the lottery last year.
2. We (prepare / already) __________________________ dinner.
3. James (find) __________________________ your ring in the garden yesterday.
4. He (come / just) __________________________ home.
5. They (buy) __________________________ their car two years ago.

B. Write negative sentences using the verbs into the correct tense.
1. I (not / see) __________________________ anyone yet.
2. Phil (not / go) __________________________ to the cinema last night.
3. We (not / be) __________________________ to the zoo so far.
4. She (not / arrive) __________________________ yet.
5. Emily (not / visit) __________________________ me last week.
C. Make questions using the words in parentheses.
1. (you / read) __________________________ the book yet?
2. How many letters (they / write) __________________________ so far?
3. When (he / tell) __________________________ you that?
4. (you / be) __________________________ at home last night?
5. How often (you / travel) ___________________ abroad till now?
D. Complete the following text writing questions or sentences
1. A: (you / taste / ever) __________________________sushi?
2. B: Yes, I (eat) __________________________ sushi at least five times so far.
3. A: When (you / eat) __________________________ sushi for the first time?

26
 4. B: I (eat) __________________________ sushi for the first time on my dad's 50th birthday.
He
(invite) __________________________ the whole family to a Japanese restaurant.
5. A: (you / like) _______________________ it?
6. B: Absolutely. In fact, it (be) __________________________ so good that we (be)
_____________
to that restaurant three times yet. And on my mom's birthday, we (order)
_________________
some sushi and (have) __________________________ it at home.

Past Perfect
A. Complete the sentences in past perfect tense.
1. The pupils talked about the film they _____________________________ (watch).
2. I was late for work because I (miss) _____________________________ the bus.
3. We lived in the house that my father (build) _____________________________.
4. We admired the picture that Lucy (paint) _____________________________.
5. They watered the trees that they (plant) _____________________________.
6. The teacher corrected the tests that the pupils (write) _____________________________.
7. I received a good mark in my test because I (practice) _____________________________
on it.
B. Write the verbs in past perfect. Use the negative form.
1. In the shopping center, I met a friend who I (not / see) ____________________ for ages.
2. The thief could walk right into the house because you (not / lock) ___________________
the door.
3. We ate at a restaurant last night because I (not / buy) ____________________ anything for
dinner.
4. All day long, Phil was angry with me just because I (not / greet) ____________________
him first.
5. When I met Jane at eleven o’clock, she (not / have) ____________________ breakfast yet.

C. Complete the questions in past perfect.

1. (What / Bob / do) __________________________________ that he was kept in after
school?
2. (How often / you / ring) ______________________________ the bell before he answered
the door?
3. (Who / live) __________________________________ in the house before we moved in?
4. (you / eat) __________________________________ anything before you went to the
theatre?
5. (he / live) __________________________________ in London before he moved to
Glasgow?
6. (Carly / find) __________________________________ a new job by that time?
7. (they / book) __________________________________ a room before they went to
Dublin?

Future with “going to”

A. Look at the pictures and write affirmative sentences in future tense. Use:
27
 play tennis have chicken for lunch have an accident sleep cook dinner be pilots fall down study

Tom is going to play tennis. You ________________________________.

They________________________________.
Mrs. Lozano________________________________.

Bill and Tom _______________________________.

The kids________________________________.

These men________________________________.
We _____________________________________.

B. Complete the sentences using the structure “going

to” in negative form.
1. I ____________________________ my
homework after school. (do)
2. Sophie and Nick _______________________________ their friends. (meet)
3. They ______________________________ to the bus stop this afternoon. (walk)
4. His brother ____________________________ a letter to his uncle today. (write)
5. She ________________________________ her aunt. (visit)
6. John ____________________________ to the office. (go)
C. Use the given verbs to complete the questions.
Example: Is Ben going to hike on Saturday?
1. _________ you _____________________ this tub of ice cream? (eat)
2. _________ Rebecca ______________________ comics? (read)
3. _________ Laura and Tony ______________________ to music? (listen)
4. _________ we _______________________ to school? (walk)
5. _________ Yvonne ______________________ Spanish words? (learn)
6. _________ his father _______________________ the jeans? (wash)
Future “will”
A. Write down sentences and questions.
1. they / call / us 2. I / buy / bread
■Positive: ___________________________________ ■Positive:
___________________________________
■Negative: __________________________________ ■Negative:
__________________________________
■Question: __________________________________ ■Question:
__________________________________

3. she / remember / us 4. Marge / be / in Australia

■Positive: ___________________________________ ■Positive:
___________________________________
■Negative: __________________________________ ■Negative:
__________________________________
■Question: __________________________________ ■Question:
__________________________________

B. Use the verbs in brackets in order to complete the sentences. Use future with “will”.
Example: I won't be a chef. (not / be)

28
 1. The meeting ______________ at 4:30 pm. (close) 4. ________ you ________ me?(help)
2. Prices __________________. (increase) 5. Phillip _____________ to come.
(not / forget)
3. Why _______ you _______ me this book? (lend) 6. When _____ I ______ you again?
(see)

Future will vs going to

A. Tick the right answer.
1. Are you going to play tennis? 6. Are you going to play this game?
* Yes, I am. * Yes, we are going to play this game.
* Yes, you are. * Yes, she is going to play this game.
2. What are you doing in November? 7. How much money are you going to spend?
* I'm going to buy a house. * Five dollars.
* I'm fine. * Yes, I am.
3. Where are you going this holiday? 8. Is Jennifer going to have breakfast?
* I'm going to play tennis. * No, she isn't.
* I'm going to Paris. * No, she doesn't.

4. Are we going to have dinner now? 9. What are you going to do?
* Yes, we are. * I'm sleeping.
* Yes, I am. * I'm going to sleep.
5. Are you going to study French? 10. Will you meet me at the airport?
* Yes, you are. * No, I will.
* Yes, I am. * No, I won’t.

B. Match the following sentences

( ) Look at the blue sky. 1. She’ll be back tomorrow.
( ) He never arrives on time. 2. He’s going to call me back.
( ) Look at the dark clouds. 3. I’m going to tell him.
( ) The price is too high. 4. He’ll be late today as well.
( ) Eddie has been made supervisor. 5. She’s going to think about it.
( ) Freddy doesn’t know 6. They’ll never get that much for their house.
( ) Andrea is off today. 7. I think he’ll be good in that job.
( ) I called Jerry but he was busy. 8. It’s going to be a beautiful day.
( ) Teresa doesn’t know whether to accept. 9. It’s going to rain.
( ) Great. I’m glad you’re coming. 10. I’ll pick you up at seven.

C. Choose the correct option.

29
 1. We’ll go / We’re going to go to the theatre tonight. We have the tickets.
2. What will you do / are you going to do tomorrow evening? Nothing I’m free.
3. They’ll go / They’re going to go away tomorrow morning. Their train is at 8:40.
4. I’m sure she’ll lend / she is going to lend us some money. She’s very rich.
5. Why are you putting your coat? I’ll go / I’m going to go out.
6. Do you think Claire will phone / is going to phone us tonight?

D. Complete the e-mail. Circle the correct forms.

Here’s my travel information: I (1. leaving / ‘m leaving) Mexico City at 4.45 pm. on Atlas Airlines
flight 6702. The flight is going to (2. arriving / arrive) in Chicago at 9.50 pm. Mara’s flight (3. be
going to get / is getting) ten minutes later, so we (4. ‘re meeting / meeting) at the baggage claim.
That’s too late for you to pick me up, so I (5. ‘m going to take / taking) a limo from O’Hare. Mara
(6. goes to / is going to) come along and she (7. spend / is spending) the night with us.

E. Put in the verbs in brackets into the gap. Use will or going to.
Example: I hope that the sun will shine tomorrow. (shine)
1. Philipp _________________ 15 next Wednesday. (be)
2. I think, my mother _________________ this CD. (like)
3. Marvin _________________ a party next week. (make)
4. They _________________ at 4 o’clock. (arrive)
5. They _________________ a new computer. (get)
6. Paul's sister _________________ a baby. (have)
7. In 2020 people _________________ hybrid cars. (buy)
8. Just a moment, I _________________ you with the bags. (help)

Modals

Modal Meaning Example

can ability I can sing.
I can’t fly.

question Can you please help me?

could past ability I could crawl when I was a baby.
I couldn’t go to class yesterday.

polite question Could you please help me?

30
 may possibility It may rain tomorrow.
I may not go to school.
can polite question May I help you?
might

possibility It might rain tomorrow.

I might not go to school.
must necessity You must have a passport.
should obligations You mustn’t make noise in a hospital

advice You should see a doctor.

You shouldn’t play outside.
would polite question Would you please open the door?
has to
have to
necessity I have to study tonight.
I don’t have to go to the party.
had to past necessity I had to study last night.
I didn’t have to go to the party last night.

Can- Could- May

A Look at the pictures and make questions using: can.
1. 2. 3. 1. Can she swim?
2. ___________________________________________?
3. ___________________________________________?
4. ___________________________________________?
4. 5. 5.6.___________________________________________?
6. ___________________________________________?

B. Complete these sentences. Use can or can’t + one of these verbs:

come find hear see speak
1. I’m sorry but we can’t come to your party next Saturday.
2. I like this hotel room. You ________________ the mountains from the window.
3. You are speaking very quietly. I _________________ you.
4. Have you seen my bag? I __________________ it.
5. Catherine got the job because she _________________ five languages.
C. Choose the correct modal for each sentence.
1. I was tired but I couldn’t / can’t sleep.
2. I wasn’t hungry yesterday. I can’t / couldn’t eat my dinner.
3. Ann doesn’t know what to do. She can’t / couldn’t decide.
31
 4. I wanted to speak to Martin yesterday but I can’t / couldn’t find him.
5. Jim couldn’t / can’t go to the concert next Saturday. He has to work.
6. Paula couldn’t / can’t go to the meeting last week. She was sick.

Can / May (Asking permission)

D. Two children are asking permission from their parents. Write questions and short
answers.
1. (I / have a cookie) ______________________________________? Yes,
________________.
2. (I / have some soda) ____________________________________? No,
________________.
3. (We / play outside) ______________________________________? Yes,
_______________.
4. (We / see the football game) ______________________________? No,
________________.

May – Might – Must – Should

E. Write sentences with may or might.
1. (perhaps I will go to the movies) I may go to the movies or I might go to the movies.
2. (perhaps I will see Tom tomorrow) I __________________________________________.
3. (perhaps Kim will be late) Kim _______________________________________________.
4. (perhaps it will snow today) It ________________________________________________.
These sentences are negative.
5. (perhaps they will not come) They ____________________________________________.
6. (perhaps I will not go out tonight) I ____________________________________________.

F. Complete the sentences. Use must + one of these verbs:

go go learn meet wash win
1. We must go to the bank today. We don’t have any money.
2. Marilyn is a very interesting person. You __________________ her.
3. My hands are dirty. I __________________ them.
4. You __________________ to drive. It will be very useful.
5. I ___________________ to the post office. I need some stamps.
6. The game tomorrow is very important for us. We ____________________.
G. Complete the sentences. Use should + one of these verbs:
brush go read visit watch wear
1. When you play tennis, you should watch the ball.
2. You look tired. You ____________________ to bed.
3. You _____________________ your teeth after every meal.
4. The city museum is very interesting. You _____________________ it.
5. When you are driving, you _____________________ a seat belt.
6. It’s a good book. You ______________________ it.

H. Write sentences with: I think….should…. Choose from:

take a vacation go to college sell it go home now go to the doctor
1. It’s late. I think we should go home now.
2. Your car is very old. I think you ____________________________________.

32
 3. They need a rest. I _______________________________________________.
4. He looks terrible. _________________________________________________.
5. She’s very intelligent. _____________________________________________.

I. Make sentences with shouldn’t.

1. (you watch too much TV) You shouldn’t watch too much TV.
2. (you work too hard) _________________________________________________.
3. (he eats too much) __________________________________________________.
4. (she smokes) _______________________________________________________.
5. (you talk too much) __________________________________________________.

Would – Have to – Had to

J. Look at the pictures. What are these people saying? Use Would you like…? + one of
these:
an apple some coffee some cheese a chocolate

1. Would you like a

chocolate?
2. __________________
________?
3. __________________
________?

K. Invite people to do
something. Use Would you
like to…?
1. (invite someone to come to a party next Friday)
Would you like to come to a party next Friday?
2. (invite someone to go to a concert on Sunday)
______________________________________________?
3. (invite someone to play tennis tomorrow)
______________________________________________?
4. (invite someone to dance)
______________________________________________?
L. Read and choose the best option.
1. My eyes are not very good. I have to / has to wear glasses.
2. At the end of the course all the students has to / have to take a test.
3. Mary is studying literature. She have to / has to read a lot of books.
4. Albert doesn’t understand much English. You have to / has to speak very slowly to him.
5. Kate is not often at home. She has to / have to travel a lot in her job.

M. Read the sentences and choose the best option.

1. We have to / had to walk home last night. There were no buses.
2. It’s late. I have to / had to go now. I’ll see you tomorrow.
3. I went to the supermarket after work yesterday. I have to / had to buy some food.
4. This train doesn’t go all way to London. You have to / had to change at Bristol.
5. We took an exam yesterday. We have to / had to answer six questions.

33
 Conditionals
A. Complete the exercise on conditional sentences type 1 writing the right answer in the
blanks.
1. If Caroline and Sue _______________ the salad, Phil _______________________the house.
prepare / prepares / will prepare decorate / decorates / will decorate
2. If Sue ________________the onions for the salad, Caroline __________________the
mushrooms.
cut / cuts / will cut peel / peels / will peel
3. Jane _________________ the living room if Aaron and Tim ______________________ the
furniture.
hoover / hoovers / will hoover move / moves / will move
4. If Bob _______________ up the kitchen, Anita _____________________ the toilet.
tidy / tidies / will tidy clean / cleans / will clean
5. Elaine _______________ the drinks if somebody _________________ her carry the bottles.
buy / buys / will buy help / helps / will help
6. If Adam and Rebecca ___________ the food, Mary and Connor _________________the
sandwiches.
organize / organizes / will organize make / makes / will make
7. If Bob _________________ after the barbecue, Sue ___________________ the guests in.
look / looks / will look let / lets / will let
8. Frank ________________ the DJ if the others ___________________ along their CDs.
play / plays / will play bring / brings / will bring
9. Alan __________________ the drinks if Jane _________________ him some of her cocktail
recipes.
mix / mixes / will mix give / gives / will give
10. If they all _______________ their best, the party __________________ great.
do / does / will do is / are / will be

B. Match the clauses in column A with the appropriate information from column B.
A B
1 ________ If you eat less sugar, a. where would you go?
2. _______ If you walk to work every day, b. what would you study?
3. _______ If you don’t get enough sleep, c. you will stay in shape without joining
a gym.
4. _______ If you could travel anywhere, d. you’ll have more money to spend on
yourself.
5. _______ If you don’t get married, e. you won’t be able to stay awake in
class.
6. _______ If you had to study a different language, f. you will feel healthier.

C. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with the following words:
make you a sandwich – lend you some – get sunburned- get a fine – miss the bus

2. - If she doesn’t wear sun screen, 3. - If you need money, 34

____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________
__ __
 1. - If I go out there,
I will be their dinner.

4. - If you’re hungry, 5.- If I don’t hurry, 6. - If you don’t wear a helmet,

__________________________ __________________________ ____________________________
D. __________________________ __________________________ ____________________________
____ ____
Complete the conditional sentences (type II) by putting the verbs into the correct form.
1. If we (have) ____________ a yacht, we (sail) ______________________ the seven seas.
2. If he (have) ____________ more time, he (learn) ______________________ karate.
3. If they (tell) ____________ their father, he (be) ______________________ very angry.
4. She (spend) ____________ a year in the USA if it (be) ______________ easier to get a
green card.
5. If I (live) ____________ on a lonely island, I (run) ______________________ around
naked all day.
6. We (help) ____________ you if we (know) ______________________ how.
7. My brother (buy) ____________ a sports car if he (have) ______________________ the
money.
8. If I (feel) ____________ better, I (go) ______________________ to the cinema with you.
9. If you (go) ____________ by bike more often, you (be / not) ______________________ so
flabby.
10. She (not / talk) ____________ to you if she (be) ______________________ mad at you.
E. What would you do in the following situations?
1. What would you do if you had an accident and you killed someone?
If I had an accident and killed someone, I would ___________________________________.
2. Where would you go if you were millionaire?
If I were millionaire, I
____________________________________________________________.
3. What would you do if you couldn’t work?
If I couldn’t work,
_______________________________________________________________.
4. If I lived in the USA…
If I lived
_______________________________________________________________________.
5. If I didn’t have money to pay the account in a restaurant…

35
 If I
____________________________________________________________________________
.

F. Complete the sentences with the correct form (type I or II).

If you need the car in the afternoon, I ___________________________ shopping in the
morning.
go / will go / would go / went

If I ___________________________ a hat, I would look like an old woman.

wear / will wear / would wear / wore

I'll buy this bag if they ___________________________ it in blue.

have / will have / would have / had

She wouldn't pay cash if she ___________________________ a credit card.

have / will have / would have / had

If I didn't have you, I ___________________________ what to do.

do not know / won’t know / wouldn’t know / didn’t know

Gerunds and Infinitives

A. Put in the verbs in brackets in the gerund or the infinitive form of the verb.
Example: They go reading (read) the book.
1. I can't imagine Peter ______________ (go) by bike.
2. He agreed __________________ (buy) a new car.
3. The question is easy _________________ (answer).
4. The man asked me how _______________ (get) to the airport.
5. I look forward to ________________ (see) you at the weekend.
6. We decided ________________ (run) through the forest.
7. The teacher expected Sarah __________________ (study) hard.
8. She doesn't mind __________________ (work) all night long.
9. I learned __________________ (ride) the bike at the age of 5.
10. We decided (buy) __________________a new car.
11. They have some work (do) ____________________.
12. Peter gave up (smoke) __________________.
13. He'd like (fly) __________________ an airplane.
14. I enjoy (write) __________________ picture postcards.
15. Do you know what (do) __________________ if there's a fire in the shop?
16. Avoid (make) __________________ silly mistakes.
17. My parents wanted me (be) __________________ home at 11 o'clock.
18. I dream about (build) __________________ a big house.

36
 Two-part verbs
Clean out – to eliminate
Clean up – to clean
Clean off – to make some room
Get out – to go out
Get around – to travel, move; to convince
Get off – to get down
Go away – to leave
Go off – to explode
Go out – to take part in social activities
Hand out – to give out
Hang out – to spend time in the street
Hang up – to hang; to end a phone conversation
Hang in – to stay, persevere
Let out – to reveal, to allow someone be out
Let (someone) alone – to stop bothering someone
Pick out – to choose
Pick up – to lift
Put away – to return to its proper place
Put off – to postpone
Put on – to wear
Put out – to turn off
Reach out – to try to take something
Take off – to remove
Take out – to extract
Take away – to eliminate
Turn up – to increase
Turn down – to decrease
Turn off – to stop
Turn on – to start
Walk out – to leave
Walk away – to leave

Three-part verbs
Break up with – to end a romantic relationship
Come up with – think of something; develop an idea
Get out of – take out; to escape (task)
Get used to – to get accustomed
Get away with – to do something wrong and don’t be punished
Get along with – to have a good relationship with someone
Take care of – be responsible of something
A. Read the sentences and choose the best phrasal verb.
1. _______________ of my office!
a) Get out b) Get around
2. My mother asked me to ______________ my
bedroom.
37
 a) clean out b) clean up c) clean off
3. I like to __________
with my friends.
a) hang in b) hang up c) hang out
4. The teacher asked the students to ___________ the papers from the floor.
a) pick out b) pick up
5. Yesterday, I
__________ a coat because it was very cold.
a) put away b) put off c) put on
6. Paula ___________ her
notebook from her backpack.
a) takes out b) takes off c) takes away
7. __________ the radio! I
want to listen to music.
a) Turn off b) Turn on c) Turn down
8. I ___________ my
friends since we met at school.
a) got used to b) got away with c) got along with

Active and Passive Voice

Simple Present
Active voice Passive voice
I study English. English is studied my me.
Peter builds a house. A house is built by Peter.

Simple Past
Active voice Passive voice
Peter ate a hamburger. A hamburger was eaten by Peter.
The policeman stopped the cars. The cars were stopped by the police officer.
A. Write A (active) or P (passive) voice in each case.
1. They listen to music. _____

38
 2. She reads the newspaper every morning. ______
3. These cars are produced in Japan. ______
4. Alan teaches Geography. ______
5. German is spoken in Austria. ______
6. Lots of houses were destroyed by the earthquake. ______
7. Henry Ford invented the assembly line. ______
8. The bus driver was hurt. ______
9. They eat a lot of rice in Vietnam. _____
10. Monuments are built in parks and big buildings. ______
B. Change the sentences into passive voice: In the first part use the present tense.
Active Passive
Jamal tells an interesting story. An interesting story ____________________________ by
Jamal.
Rob writes nice poems. Nice poems _______________________________ by Rob.
Mexican people like tacos. Tacos ________________________________ by Mexican
people.
The students don’t do the homework. The homework ___________________________ by the
students.
Now, use the simple past tense.
The thieves left the stolen car in the garage. The stolen car_____________________________
in the garage.
Shakespeare wrote this play. This play ______________________________ by
Shakespeare.
Abraham didn’t eat the food. The food _______________________________ by
Abraham.

C. Use the passive form of the verbs in the box.

compose discover paint design invent write
1. The Bank of China building in Hong Kong __________________________ by the architect
I.M. Pei.
2. The play “Romeo and Juliet” _________________________ by William Shakespeare in the
1590s.
3. The telephone __________________________ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
4. The Mona Lisa __________________________ by Leonardo da Vinci.
5. The antibiotic penicillin __________________________ by Sir Alexander Fleming in
1929.
6. The music for the Disney movie “The Lion King” __________________________ by Sir Elton
John in 1994.

D. Change the following sentences into passive voice.

1. My mom cooks delicious food.

2. Rob watched a good movie.

3. Carl and Ben took the EXCI exam.

4. Anna builds beautiful sculptures.

5. The teacher taught English.

39
 6. Mexico produces coffee.

Tag questions
A. Choose the correct tag question.
1. York is in England, 6. He likes lasagna,
a) is it? b) isn’t it? a) does he, b) doesn’t he?
2. They have finished their homework, 7. There are a lot of people here,
a) have they? b) haven’t they? a) are there? b) aren’t there?
3. Andy and Marc are reading comics, 8. You like fish,
a) are they? b) aren’t they? a) did you? b) don’t you?
4. Jack can write good poems, 9. I’m late,
a) can he? b) can’t he? a) am I not? b) aren’t I?
5. She didn’t come to the shop, 10. We aren’t coming to school tomorrow,
a) did she? b) didn’t she? a) aren’t we? b) are we?

B. Find the correct beginnings of the sentences. Write the letter of the answer.
1. ______________________, can’t he?
a) He can write, b) He can’t sing, c) She can’t read,
2. ______________________, haven’t we?
a) We haven’t seen this film, b) We’ve seen this film, c) They haven’t seen this film,
3. ________________________, doesn’t she?
a) Andy plays volleyball, b) Peggy play volleyball, c) Peggy doesn’t play volleyball,
4. ________________________, isn’t it?
a) It’s not your dog, b) This isn’t Joe, c) It’s very hot in Sahara,
5. ________________________, could she?
a) Anne couldn’t see well, b) Andrew could see well, c) Andrew couldn’t see well,
6. ________________________, don’t they?
a) We often go out, b) They often go out, c) They don’t often go out,

7. _______________________, aren’t they?

a) Pat is from Brazil, b) Pat and John are from Brazil, c) Pat and John aren’t from
Brazil,
8. _______________________, isn’t there?
a) It’s raining now, b) There’s only one cloud in the sky, c) They’re from Japan,
9. _______________________, aren’t I?
a) You’re my English teacher, b) He’s your English teacher, c) I’m your English
teacher,

C. Add tags into the gaps.

40
 1. You don’t like yoghurt, ___________? 5. The teacher was late for school,
___________?
2. Sue will be 14 next week, ___________? 6. Angela ordered pizza, ___________?
3. She can speak French, ___________? 7. Your friends enjoy swimming, ___________?
4. Christ got up at seven, ___________? 8. They didn’t go to Vienna last week,
___________?

E. Write the right tag.

1. You don’t have a car, do you?
2. You aren’t tired, _______________________?
3. Carol is a very nice person, ______________________?
4. You can play the piano, _______________________?
5. You don’t know Mr. Bond, _______________________?
6. Sally went to university, _______________________?
7. The film wasn’t very good, _______________________?

41
 Reading Activities
Write around the world. R-1

. Read about the penpals below and complete the chart

Putting your eating habits to the test R-2

42
Do you pay enough attention to your diet? Answer the following questions to find out
whether you are giving your body what it needs or putting your health at risk.

1 How many glasses of 2 How many cups of coffee 3 How often do you eat
water do you drink every and tea do you drink every whole-meal bread or
day? day? pasta?
A Three or fewer A Eight or more A Rarely or never
B Four to seven B Between four and seven B Often or sometimes
C Eight or more C Fewer than four C Usually or always

4 How often do you eat 5 On average, how many 6 How many servings of
fried foods instead of alcoholic drinks do you have fruit and vegetables do
grilled, boiled, baked or every day? you have every day,
roasted? A More than four including juice?
A Usually or always B Two or three A Fewer than two
B Often or sometimes C One or none B Two, three or four
C Rarely or never C Five or more

7 How often do you eat 8 How often do you eat fresh 9 How many eggs do you
fast food instead of fish? eat every week?
healthier meals? A Rarely or never A Four or more
A Usually or always B Once every month or two B Two or three
B Often or sometimes C More than once a week C Fewer than two
C Rarely or never

10 How many servings of 11 How many sugary foods 12 How often do you
dairy produce-butter, and drinks do you have every choose low-fat over full-
milk, cheese and red day, including sugar in tea fat alternatives, such as
mead- do you have every and coffee? skimmed milk for full-fat
day? A More than eight milk?
A More than eight B Between three and seven A Rarely or never
B Three to seven C Fewer than two B Three or seven
C Two or fewer C Whenever possible

Putting your eating habits to the test: the key.

Count up how many As, Bs and Cs, you have at the end. Read the corresponding advice to find
out how your eating habits rate and what you can do to improve them.

Mostly As Mostly Bs
Mostly Cs
You need to pay more Although you are
Well done! You clearly
attention to your diet- watching your diet and are
think about what you eat
consuming to much fat, probably aware of the
and are aware of how it
sugar in processed food health risks involved in
affects you body
increases your risk of eating certain foods, you
functioning and health. If
illness and lead to weight need to make a greater
you answered A or B to
problems and a loss of effort to eat well most of
any of the questions,
health and energy. If you the time. Look at the
however, you should take
want to live to longer and questions to which you
steps to improve these
healthier life, change your answered A or B. Note the
aspects of your diet.
eating habits. thing you need to change.

43
Princess Diana’s Biography R-3

Diana, Princess of Wales

Princess Diana was an iconic figure of the late 20th Century. She was admired for her
groundbreaking charity work; in particular her work with AIDS patients and supporting the
campaign for banning landmines.

Diana was born to an aristocratic family who links to the Royal Family. Her father was Edward
Spencer and her mother was Frances Viscountess Althorp. When Diana was young, her parents
divorced with her father winning a bitter battle for custody of the children. Diana grew up in the
family home of Park House, before moving to Althorp in 1975. Diana did not shine as a student,
but did well in music and ballet. When she met her future husband, Diana was working as a part
time assistant in a nursery school in London

In 1981, Diana married Prince Charles. Diana was 13 years the junior, at an age of just 20,
Charles by contrast was 33 at the time of the wedding. The general public soon warmed to the
innocence and beauty of Princess Diana, and the wedding was watched by over 1 billion people
world wide. During their marriage they had two sons, Prince William and Prince Harry. However,
in the mid 1980s, strains started to appear in the marriage, and under much publicity the
marriage broke up leading to a divorce in 1992. During this period Diana is said to have suffered
various health problems such as bulimia and depression.

As Princess of Wales, Diana was expected to take part in various official engagements, such as,
opening of hospitals. This provided a natural outlet for her to become involved in various types
of charitable work. Her natural sympathy and oneness with patients was much admired. In
1987, Princess Diana was one of the first well known celebrities to be photographed with a
victim of AIDS. This was important in changing attitudes to the disease. At the time, many
thought the disease could be contacted by touch alone.

Despite the pervasive press intrusions into her private life, Diana remained very popular
because people could identify with her. Her hands on approach to charity work gave the
impression of a new type of Royal, who was no longer so remote.

Diana died on 31st August, 1997; in a car crash involving Dodi Al-Fayed. It was said they were
being chased by paparazzi at the time the fatal accident. Although, the inquest noted that the
driver was also under the influence of drugs and drink. Controversy still surrounds her death,
with a further inquest still underway. The death of Diana had a profound impact on the British
public and those in other countries. It led to an unprecedented outpouring of grief and
sympathy, for a person people had taken into their hearts. Over 1 million bouquets of flowers
were laid at Buckingham Palace. Her funeral was watched by countless millions around the
world. Her final resting place was her family home of Althorp.

44
 I. Read and choose True or False. R-3

1.Princess Diana was younger than Prince Charles

True False
2.Princess Diana was one of the last celebrities who were photographed with a
victim of AIDS.
True False
3.Princess Diana changed the impression of the Royal because was near to the
people.
True False
4.She became popular for her life scandals.
True False
5.Princess Diana was murdered by paparazzi.
True False
6.Princess Diana suffered of AIDS.
True False

7. Diana’s death only impressed British people.

True False
8.She wasn’t a good student at school.
True False
9.Princess Diana and Prince Charles’ wedding was watched all around the world.
True False

Reading for Comprehension R-4

45
 R-4

46
Emergency Procedures R-5

I. Read the text and underline all the conditional clauses.

Emergency Procedures

If you take a look at the handout, you’ll find all the telephone numbers, addresses
and other necessary information. If Tom were here, he would help me with this
presentation. Unfortunately, he couldn’t make it today.
Ok, let’s get started: Today’s subject is helping guests with emergency situations. We
would certainly have a worse reputation if we didn’t handle these situations well. That’s
why we like to review these procedures every year.

If a guest looses his passport, call the consulate immediately. If the consulate isn’t
nearby, you’ll have to help the guest get to the appropriate consulate. It would be great
if we had more consulates here. However, there are also a few in Boston. Next, if a guest
has an accident which is not so serious, you will find the first-aid kit under the reception
desk. If the accident is serious, call an ambulance.

Sometimes guests need to return home unexpectedly. If this happens, the guest
will need your help making travel arrangements, re-scheduling appointments, etc. Do
everything you can to make this situation as easy as possible. If there is a problem, the
guest will expect us to be able to handle any situation. It’s our responsibility to make
sure ahead of time that we can.

47
 Last man on the moon.
Reading for Comprehension
R-6
I. Read the text and answer the questions.

Can you imagine living in the moon? What would you need to live there?
Will be expensive? Comfortable? Well, soon we will discover it! Since many
years ago, scientists have investigated the possibility of living in other planets
besides the Earth. According to the NASA, it might be possible to live in the
moon within some years. Scientists think it won’t affect human’s health
because we will use a kind of big glass shell covering our complete body and
the place where we would live in. By 2020, people will travel to the moon like
a tourist in the space and by 2050 it will be the possibility of packing our
belongings and live in the moon!

1. An appropriate title for the text would be…

a) Living in Mars b) Let’s travel! c) Will we live in the moon? d) Planets

2. The text is about…

a) Mars b) Moon c) Earth d) NASA

3. The word it refers to…

a) live in the moon b) NASA c) humans d) scientist

4. The word glass refers to…

a) plastic b) organic c) inorganic d) crystal

48