JAVA CONTROL STATEMENTS

10/30/2010
Control Statements
 Control statements are used in programming languages to cause the
flow of control to advance and branch based on changes to the state
of a program.

 In Java, control statements can be divided under the following three

categories:
 Selection statements
 Iteration statements
 Jump statements

2
SELECTION STATEMENTS

10/30/2010
 Selection statements are used in a program to choose different paths
of execution based upon the outcome of an expression or the state of

Control Statements
a variable.

 Using if and if...else

 Nested if Statements
 Using switch Statements
 Conditional Operator

3
10/30/2010 Control Statements
4
Principal forms:
The if and if-else Statements (cont.)

10/30/2010
 Additional forms

Control Statements
5
Flowchart For The IF And IF-ELSE Statements

10/30/2010
Control Statements
6
EXAMPLE OF IF-ELSE EXAMPLE OF NESTED IF

10/30/2010
if( a > b) class Example4_2
{ {
public static void main(String Args[])
System.out.println("A = " + a + "\tB = "

Control Statements
{
+ b); int a = 3;
System.out.println("A is greater than B"); if (a <= 10 && a > 0)
} {
System.out.println("Number is valid.");
else
if ( a < 5)
{ System.out.println("From 1 to 5");
System.out.println("A = " + a + "\tB = " + else
b); System.out.println("From 5 to 10");
}
System.out.println("Either both are equal
else
or B is greater");
System.out.println("Number is not valid");
} }
}
7
 10/30/2010 Control Statements
8
Else-if ladder
Example of else-if ladder

10/30/2010
class Example4_1{
public static void main (String Args[]){

Control Statements
int a = 5;
boolean val = false;
if(val)
System.out.println("val is false, so it won't execute";
else if (a < 0 )
System.out.println("A is a negative value");
else if (a > 0)
System.out.println ("A is a positive value");
else
System.out.println ("A is equal to zero");
} 9

}
Switch Statement

10/30/2010
The switch statement of java is another selection statement that
defines different paths of execution for a program.

Control Statements
It is more efficient that the if statement

The expression must be of type int, short, byte or char.

The selection in the switch statement is determined by the values

between the parenthesis after the keyword switch and the expression.

The break statement is used in each sequence case value statements to

terminate this sequence

10
The break statement is optional in the switch statement
Syntax of Switch statement

10/30/2010
Control Statements
11
 Example

10/30/2010
class Example4_3{
public static void main(String Args[]){
case 6:
int month = 3; System.out.println("The month of June");
switch (month){ break;

Control Statements
case 7:
case 1: System.out.println("The month of July");
System.out.println("The month of January"); break;
case 8:
break;
System.out.println("The month of August");
case 2: break;
System.out.println("The month of February"); case 9:
System.out.println("The month of September");
break; break;
case 3: case 10:
System.out.println("The month of October");
System.out.println("The month of March"); break;
break; case 11:
System.out.println("The month of November");
case 4:
break;
System.out.println("The month of April"); case 12:
break; case 5: System.out.println("The month of December");
break;
System.out.println("The month of May"); default:
break; System.out.println("Invalid month"); 12
}
}
}
Iteration Statement

10/30/2010
It is essential that a program be able to
execute the same set of instructions

Control Statements
many times: otherwise a computer would
do only as much work as a programmer!

Repeating the same code fragment

several times is called iterating.

Java provides three control statements

for iterations (a.k.a. loops): for, while, and
do-while.
13
 10/30/2010 Control Statements
14
The While Loop
Example

10/30/2010
// Returns the smallest n

Control Statements
// such that 2^n >= x
public static int intLog2 (int x)
{ Initialization
int n = 0, p = 1;
while ( p < x ) Testing
{
p *= 2; Change
n++;
}
return n;
} 15
 The for Loop

10/30/2010
 for is a shorthand that combines in one statement initialization,
condition, and change

Control Statements
for ( initialization; condition; change )
{
statement1;
statement2;
...
statementN;
}
16
Example

10/30/2010
Control Statements
// Returns the smallest n
// such that 2^n >= x
public static int intLog2 (int x)
{ Initialization
int n = 0, p;
for (p = 1; p < x; p *= 2) Testing
{
n++; Change
}
return n;
}
17
 10/30/2010 Control Statements
18
The do-while Loop
 Example

10/30/2010
public class DoWhileExample
{

Control Statements
public static void main (String[ ] args)
{
int i =0;
do
{
System.out.println ("i is : " + i);
i++;
} while (i < 4);
}
} 19
Jump Statements

10/30/2010
Control Statements
Jump statements are used to unconditionally transfer the
program control to another part of the program.

Java has
three jump break, continue return.
statements:

20
 10/30/2010
 Break in a loop instructs the program to immediately quit the current

Control Statements
iteration and go to the first statement following the loop.

SYNTAX break label;

 Break statement has two forms:

 Labeled Break statement
 Unlabeled Break statement

21
Example

10/30/2010
 Labeled Break oUnlabeled Break

Control Statements
for(int var =0; var < 5 ; var++)
Outer:
for(int var1=0; var1 < 5 ; var1++)
{ {
System.out.println(“Var is : “ + var); for(int var2 = 1; var2 < 5;var2++)
if(var == 3) {
System.out.println(“var1:” +
break; var1 + “, var2:” + var2);
} if(var1 == 3)
break Outer;
}
}

22
 10/30/2010
 Continue statement is used when we want to skip the rest of the
statement in the body of the loop and continue with the next iteration

Control Statements
of the loop.
SYNTAX continue label;

 There are two forms of continue statement in Java.

 Unlabeled Continue Statement
 Labeled Continue Statement

23
 Example

10/30/2010
o Labeled Continue oUnlabeled Continue

Control Statements
Outer:
for(int var1 =0; var1 < 5 ; var1++)
{ for(int var1 =0; var1 < 5 ; var1++)
for(int var2=0 ; var2 < 5 ; var2++) {
{ for(int var2=0 ; var2 < 5 ; var2++)
if(var2 == 2) {
continue Outer; if(var2 == 2)
System.out.println(“var1:” + var1 continue;
+ “, var2:”+ var2); System.out.println(“var1:” +
} var1 + “, var2:”+ var2);
} }
}

24
 10/30/2010
 Return in a loop instructs the program to immediately quit the
current method and return to the calling method.

Control Statements
 Example

class Return
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
boolean t = true;
System.out.println("Before the return.");
if(t) return; // return to caller
System.out.println("This won't execute.");
} 25
}