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Python Codelab: Python 3.0

The panel discussed several key changes between Python 2.x and Python 3.0 including: 1) the default string type becoming unicode, 2) print becoming a function, 3) new string formatting using format method, 4) exceptions now using as instead of commas, and 5) several changes to numeric types, dictionaries, sets, and IO functions. The panelists from various universities and colleges provided examples to illustrate the changes between major Python versions.

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120 views11 pages

Python Codelab: Python 3.0

The panel discussed several key changes between Python 2.x and Python 3.0 including: 1) the default string type becoming unicode, 2) print becoming a function, 3) new string formatting using format method, 4) exceptions now using as instead of commas, and 5) several changes to numeric types, dictionaries, sets, and IO functions. The panelists from various universities and colleges provided examples to illustrate the changes between major Python versions.

Uploaded by

yupal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python 3.

0 Panel

Python CodeLab: Python 3.0


Developer Happiness Days
9th February 2009
Birkbeck College, University of London

Panelists:
● Brian Jinwright
Wofford College
● Benjamin O'Steen
OULS, Oxford University
● Dr Robert Sanderson
Dept of Computer Science, University of Liverpool
● Dr Peter Sefton
Information Services, University of Southern Queensland
Python 3.0 Panel

Topics
● Unicode/String changes
● Print as a Function
● New String Formatting
● Exceptions
● Views and Iterators vs Lists
● Numeric Type Changes
● Dictionary and Set Comprehension
● New io library, Removing file()
● Extended Iterable Unpacking
● Function Argument Annotation
Python 3.0 Panel

Unicode/String Changes
Default string (text) type becomes the 2.x unicode
New Byes type for non text data.

No more u'...' just '...' for text. Also str(b, encoding=codec)


But added b'...' for bytes. Also bytes(s, encoding=codec)

str.encode(codec) --> bytes


bytes.decode(codec) --> str

Cannot mix text and data (raises TypeError)


In 2.x would work if no characters beyond ascii, otherwise UnicodeDecodeError

No more basestring, two separate types.


Python 3.0 Panel

Print as a Function

Old: print “some text here”


New: print(“some text here”)

Old: print >> sys.stderr, “some error”


New: print(“some error”, file=sys.stderr)

Especially important for interactive mode!


Need to retrain fingers to use print() not just print to inspect data
Python 3.0 Panel

New String Formatting

Old: print “something is: %s” % (something)

New: print(“something is: {0}:”.format(something))

Old: print “by name: %(name)” % {'name' : something}

New: print(“by name: {name}”.format(name=something))

New: import sys ; “Python {0.version} on {0.platform}”.format(sys)

New: “a: {0[a]}”.format( {'a' : 'this is a!'} )


Python 3.0 Panel

Exceptions
Old: except KeyError, k:
New: except KeyError as k:

Old: except KeyError, TypeError: # assigns to Type


Old: except (KeyError, TypeError): # catches both

Old: except (KeyError, TypeError), k:


New: except (KeyError, TypeError) as k:

New:
try:
1/0
except Exception as k:
raise MyException from k
Python 3.0 Panel

Views and Iterators vs Lists


Old: k = dict.keys() ; k.sort()
New: k = sorted(dict) # now an (immutable / dynamic ) view

Eg:
d = {1:1, 2:4, 3:9}
k = d.keys() # len(k) == 3
D[4] = 16 # now len(k) == 4

iterkeys(), iteritems(), itervalues() deprecated

map(), filter(), zip() now return iterator not list

Old: range(), xrange()


New: range() works as per xrange, xrange deprecated
Python 3.0 Panel

Numeric Type Changes


Old: int, long
New: int (behaves as long) (no L on the end though!)

Old: 1 / 2 == 0
New: 1 / 2 == 0.5

New: 0o755 (octal)


New: 0b1010 (binary)
Python 3.0 Panel

Dictionary and Set Comprehension


New set literal: {1,2,3,3} == {1,2,3}
{} is still an empty dictionary

Dictionary Comprehension (as per List Comprehension):


{k: v for k, v in stuff}

And Set Comprehension:


{x for x in stuff}
Python 3.0 Panel

New io Library; Removing file()


Old: open(file) or file(file)
New: io.open(file)
open(file) is an alias for this, file(file) is gone

New base stream classes. Eg: IOBase, RawIOBase, BufferedIOBase, TextIOBase,...

sys.stdin, stderr, stdout are instances of io.TextIOBase

BytesIO(data) in place of StringIO()


Python 3.0 Panel

Extended Iterable Unpacking


(a, *rest, b) = range(5)
a = 0, rest = [1,2,3] ; b = 4

Function Argument Annotation

def fn(arg1 : something, arg2 : something2) -> returnsSomething

All totally optional, no semantics for annotations


Eg could be string with description or class/type for type checking or ...

Accessible via func.__annotations__ dictionary

def foo(...): ...


print(foo.__annotations__)

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