General Mathematics: Quarter 1 - Module 18: Solving Exponential Equations and Inequalities

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General Mathematics

Quarter 1 – Module 18:


Solving Exponential Equations
and Inequalities

CO_Q1_General Mathematics SHS


Module 18
General Mathematics
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 18: Solving Exponential Equations and Inequalities
First Edition, 2021

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General Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 18:
Solving Exponential Equations
and Inequalities
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each


SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
how to solve exponential equation and inequality. The scope of this module permits
it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:


1. explain how to apply the properties in solving exponential equations and
inequalities; and
2. solve exponential equations and inequalities.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What should be considered in solving an exponential equation?
a. Bases on both sides of the exponential equation must be the same.
b. Bases on both sides of the exponential equation must be simplified.
c. Exponents on both sides of the exponential equation must be the same.
d. Exponents on both sides of the exponential equation must be
simplified.

2. Which of the following describe the statement: If 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑥2 , then 𝑏 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑏 𝑥2 .


Conversely, if 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 , then 𝑏 𝑥1 = 𝑏 𝑥2 ?
a. Addition Property of Equality
b. Distributive Property of Equality
c. Multiplication Property of Equality
d. One-to-one Property of Exponential Function

3. In solving for the value of the unknown variable in 4𝑥+1 = 16, what is the best
thing to do first?
a. Divide 16 by 4.
b. Express 16 as 42.
c. Multiply 4 by x+1.
d. Write x+1 as the exponent for both 4 and 16.

1 CO_Q1_General Mathematics SHS


Module 18
4. Which of the following best leads to the value of the unknown variable in
4𝑥+1 = 16?
a. 4𝑥+1 = 42
b. 4𝑥+1 = 24
c. 4𝑥+1 = 16𝑥
d. (4)2(𝑥+1) = 16

5. What is the value of x in 4𝑥+1 = 16?


a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 4

6. Which of the following best leads to the value of the unknown variable in 27𝑥 =
9?
a. 93𝑥 = 9
b. 39𝑥 = 9
c. 93𝑥 = 32
d. 33𝑥 = 32

7. What is the value of x in 27𝑥 = 9?


a. 1/3
b. 2/3
c. 3
d. 3/2

8. What is the first step in solving for x in the exponential inequality


2(5)𝑥 > 10?
a. Multiply 2 by 5.
b. Divide both sides by 2.
c. Divide both sides by 5.
d. Divide both sides by 10.

9. What is the value of x in the given exponential inequality in item 8?


a. 𝑥 > 5
b. 𝑥>2
c. 𝑥 >1
d. 𝑥> 0

10. Which of the following is equivalent to 10𝑥−5 > 100𝑥−10 ?


a. 10(10)𝑥−5 > 100𝑥−10
b. 10𝑥−5 > 102𝑥−20
c. 1𝑥−5 > 102𝑥−20
d. 1𝑥−5 < 102𝑥−20

2 CO_Q1_General Mathematics SHS


Module 18
11. Which best leads to the correct answer in solving for the unknown variable in
the given exponential inequality in number 10?
a. 𝑥 − 5 < 𝑥 − 10
b. 𝑥 − 5 > 𝑥 − 10
c. 𝑥 − 5 < 2𝑥 − 20
d. 𝑥 − 5 > 2𝑥 − 20

12. What is the value of x for the given in number 10?


a. 𝑥 < 10
b. 𝑥 > 10
c. 𝑥 < 15
d. 𝑥 > 15

1 𝑥+4 1 𝑥
13. Which best describes base b of ( ) ≥( ) ?
3 9
a. 0<𝑏<1
b. 𝑏<1
c. 𝑏>1
d. 𝑏>0

1 𝑥+4 1 𝑥
14. Which of the following best leads to the value of x in ( ) ≥( ) ?
3 9
1 𝑥+4 1 2𝑥
a. ( ) ≤( )
3 3
1 𝑥+4 1 𝑥
b. ( ) ≥( )
3 3
1 𝑥+4 1 −2𝑥
c. ( ) ≥( )
3 3
1 𝑥+4 1 −2𝑥
d. ( ) ≤( )
3 3

1 𝑥+4 1 𝑥
15. What is the solution to ( ) ≥( ) ?
3 9
a. (4, +∞)
b. [4, +∞)
c. (−∞, 4)
d. (−∞, 4]

3 CO_Q1_General Mathematics SHS


Module 18
Lesson
Solving Equations and
1 Inequalities
We are living in a world where diversity exists. Things vary from each other. Various
decisions lead to several differing results. These differences, nevertheless, are always
present. In the same manner, in the previous module, we have learned that
statements containing exponential expressions may take various forms. And we have
understood that despite their differences, what is important is to know how to
classify each accordingly and how to deal with them.

What’s In

Listed below are statements with exponential expressions. Which are exponential
functions? exponential equations? exponential inequalities?

(a) 4𝑥 = 2𝑥+1 (d) 81 = 93𝑥 (g) 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 (j) 𝑔(𝑥) = 6𝑥 3


(b) 100 > 10𝑥−2 (e) 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥−4 (h) (0.81)2𝑥 ≥ 0.9
(c) 16𝑥 = 𝑥 2 (f) 27 < 3𝑥 (i) 25𝑥−2 = 53𝑥

Recall that an exponential function is not intended to be solved as it simply shows


relationship between two variables. In the above list, (e) and (g) are both exponential
functions. Why is (j) not considered as one? Though it has two variables, yet it is not
an exponential expression since the exponent is not a variable.

Both exponential equation and inequality, on the other hand, are the ones whose x
values satisfying the given statements, are meant to be solved. They both involve only
one variable. Among the given above, (a), (d), and (i) are exponential equations. They
are equations involving exponential expressions and are consisted of only one
variable. How about (c)? It does not even have an exponential expression since its
exponent is a constant.

The statements in (b) and (h) are the only exponential inequalities in the list. They
both have exponential expressions consisting of one variable only. Also, they both
use inequality symbols. (f) has inequality symbol, but why can’t you consider it as
exponential inequality? It is since its exponent is not a variable, hence it is not an
exponential expression.

4 CO_Q1_General Mathematics SHS


Module 18
Notes to the Teacher
Stress once again that not all functions, equations, or inequalities
with exponents, contain exponential expressions. Instead, only
those involving variable exponents are considered as so.

What’s New

Raise It!
This time let us see how fast you can compute mentally and how smart your
reasoning power is. Just answer as fast as you can without looking at the solutions
below. Ready? Let us begin!

1. How many times do you have to multiply 4 by itself to obtain 64?


2. How will you write it in symbols?
3. What kind of mathematical expression is it?
4. How many times do you have to multiply 4 by itself so that the result will be
greater than 64?
5. How will you write the fourth question in symbols?
6. What kind of mathematical expression is being depicted by it?

Solutions:
1. Sounds like you find it easy. Correct, three times!
2. Expressing it in symbols, it is 4𝑥 = 64. Then, it becomes 43 = 64, based on your
first answer.
3. In the previous module, you have learned that 4𝑥 = 64 is an exponential
equation since it is an exponential expression with only one variable and
involving an equation.
4. You might answer 5, 6, 7, 8, and so on. They are all correct. But actually, even
non-integers may be solutions as long as they are greater than 4. Hence the
solution is x > 4.
5. When written in symbols, it is 4𝑥 > 64.
6. It is an exponential inequality since it involves an exponential expression with
only one variable and an inequality.

5 CO_Q1_General Mathematics SHS


Module 18
What is It

In the previous activity you have been able to solve for the values of the unknown in
both exponential equation and inequality. Most probably you have successfully
solved them mentally. How do your solutions really work? Let us try to understand
it further.

Solving Exponential Equation


One-to-one Property of Exponential Functions states that in 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 , if 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑥2 , then
𝑏 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑏 𝑥2 . Conversely, if 𝑏 𝑥1 = 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 . This property paves the way in
understanding how to solve exponential equation.

Example 1: Solve for the value of x in 4𝑥+1 = 64.


Solution:
4𝑥+1 = 43 Express 64 as 43 , in order for both sides of the equation
to have same bases.
𝑥+1 =3 One-to-one Property of Exponential Functions states that
if 𝑏 𝑥1 = 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 .
𝑥+1−1 =3−1 Use Addition Property of Equality in order to solve for the
value of x.
𝑥=2 Combine like terms.

Example 2: Solve for the value of x in 34𝑥 = 9𝑥+1 .


Solution:
34𝑥 = (3)2(𝑥+1) Express 9 as 32 , in order for both sides of the equation
to have same bases.
4𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 2 One-to-one Property of Exponential Functions states
that if 𝑏 𝑥1 = 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 .
4𝑥 − 2𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 2 − 2𝑥 Use Addition Property of Equality in order to solve for the
value of x.
2𝑥 = 2 Combine like terms.
𝑥=1 Use Multiplication Property of Equality by multiplying
both sides of the equation by ½.

6 CO_Q1_General Mathematics SHS


Module 18
Solving Exponential Inequality

Recall that in an exponential function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 , 𝑏 > 0 but 𝑏 ≠ 1. Now, the key to
solving exponential inequality is the fact that if 𝑏 > 1 and 𝑥1 > 𝑥2 , then 𝑏 𝑥1 > 𝑏 𝑥2 .
Otherwise, if 0 < 𝑏 < 1, then 𝑏 𝑥1 < 𝑏 𝑥2 . Let us further make this clearer by considering
the next examples.

Example 3: Solve for the values of x in 5𝑥 > 125𝑥+8


Solution:
5𝑥 > (5)3(𝑥+8) Express 125 as 53 , for both sides of the inequality to
have same bases.
𝑥 > 3𝑥 + 24 𝑏 = 5. It is a fact that if 𝑏 > 1 and 𝑏 𝑥1 > 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 >
𝑥2 .
𝑥 − 𝑥 − 24 > 3𝑥 + 24 − 𝑥 − 24 Use Addition Property of Equality in order to solve for
the value of x.
−24 > 2𝑥
Combine like terms.
𝑥 < −12 Use Multiplication Property of Equality by
multiplying both sides of the equation by ½.

Hence, the solution to the exponential inequality 5𝑥 > 125𝑥+8 is the set of all real
numbers less than -12. In symbols, that is, 𝑥 < −12 or (−∞, −12).

1 2𝑥+9 1 𝑥−5
Example 4: Solve for the values of x in ( ) ≤ ( ) .
7 343
Solution:
1 2𝑥+9 1 3(𝑥−5) 1 1 3
( ) ≤ ( ) Express as ( ) , in order for both sides of
343 7
7 7
the inequality to have same bases.
2𝑥 + 9 ≥ 3𝑥 − 15 1
𝑏 = . It is a fact that if 0 < 𝑏 < 1 and 𝑏 𝑥1 <
7
𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 > 𝑥2 .
2𝑥 + 9 − 2𝑥 + 15 ≥ 3𝑥 − 15 − 2𝑥 + 15 Use Addition Property of Equality in order to
solve for the value of x.
24 ≥ 𝑥 or 𝑥 ≤ 24 Combine like terms.

1 2𝑥+9 1 𝑥−5
Thus, the solution to the exponential inequality ( ) ≤ ( ) is the set of all real
7 343
numbers less than or equal to 24. In symbols, that is, 𝑥 ≤ 24 or (−∞, 24].

7 CO_Q1_General Mathematics SHS


Module 18
What’s More

Activity 1.1
Who Has a Point?

Observe each of the following pairs of solutions. Decide whether anyone of them got
the correct answer. Answer the sets of guide questions.

Becca Celia
2 2
16 𝑥 = 4𝑥+3 16𝑥 = 4𝑥+3
4𝑥 2 2
(2) = (2)2(𝑥+3) (4)2𝑥 = 4𝑥+3
4𝑥 2 = 2𝑥 + 6 2𝑥 2 = 𝑥 + 3
1 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3 = 0
( ) (4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 6 = 0)
2
2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3 = 0 (2𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
(2𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 1) = 0 2𝑥 − 3 = 0 and 𝑥 + 1 = 0
2𝑥 − 3 = 0 and 𝑥 + 1 = 0 3
𝑥 = , 𝑥 = −1
2
3
𝑥 = , 𝑥 = −1
2

1. How did you check whether 3/2 and -1 are really solutions of the given
exponential equation?
2. Were Becca and Celia both correct or both wrong?
3. What is the difference between their solutions?
4. Did the difference affect the solutions? Why?
5. Did Becca and Celia both use the One-to-one Property of Exponential
Function? How?

Hector Dindo
(0.5)𝑥−1 > (0.25)−𝑥−2 (0.5)𝑥−1 > (0.25)−𝑥−2
(0.5)𝑥−1 > (0.5)2(−𝑥−2) (0.5)𝑥−1 > (0.5)2(−𝑥−2)
𝑥 − 1 > −2𝑥 − 4 𝑥 − 1 < −2𝑥 − 4
3𝑥 > −3 3𝑥 < −3
𝑥 > −1 𝑜𝑟 (−1, +∞) 𝑥 < −1 𝑜𝑟 (−∞, −1)

6. Have you noticed any difference in the solutions? What is it?


7. Who used the property for exponential inequality? How did he use it?
8. Taking Hector’s solution, can 0 be a value of x?
9. Considering Dindo’s solution, will -2 make the inequality correct?
10. Were Hector and Dindo both correct? If not, whose work is right?

8 CO_Q1_General Mathematics SHS


Module 18
Activity 1.2

Find the Missing x!

Solve for the values of x for each of the following exponential equations and
inequalities.
1. 82−𝑥 = 2
1 𝑥 1
2. ( ) <
2 8
3. 5𝑥 = 25𝑥−2
4. 3𝑥+2 ≥ 27
5. 43𝑥 = 8𝑥−1

What I Have Learned

Complete the following statements by filling in the blanks with the correct words or
phrases.

1. ________________________ states that in 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑏 𝑥 , if 𝑏 𝑥1 = 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 .


2. This property, as stated in the previous statement, applies in solving
______________________.
3. Given an exponential equation, first thing we see to it is that the bases of
both sides of the equation are ___________________.
4. In solving an exponential inequality, if base b is greater than 1 and 𝑏 𝑥1 > 𝑏 𝑥2 ,
then ___________________.
5. Given that __________________________________, and 𝑏 𝑥1 > 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 < 𝑥2 .

What I Have Learned

Write a mathematical journal about the importance of understanding the concepts


behind solving exponential equation and inequality. Include your own examples of
exponential equation and inequality, with one example for each. Then explain how
the properties apply in solving each example.

9 CO_Q1_General Mathematics SHS


Module 18
4 3 2 1
Content Very relative Somewhat Less relative to Not relative to
(score x 2) to the topic relative to the the topic and the topic and
and well- topic and poorly very poorly
organized organized organized organized
Proficiency Both examples Both examples One example One example
(score x 2) are correct are correct but is correct and is correct but
and explained properties are explained not explained
properly not explained properly properly
properly
Spelling, No spelling, Very few Several Many spelling,
Grammar, punctuation spelling, spelling, punctuation,
and or punctuation, punctuation, and
grammatical and and grammatical
Punctuations
errors grammatical grammatical errors
(score x 1) errors errors

Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What should be considered in solving an exponential equation with base b and
exponents 𝑥1 and 𝑥2 ?
a. If 𝑏 𝑥1 = 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑥2 .
b. If 𝑏 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 .
c. If 𝑏 𝑥1 = 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 .
d. If 𝑏 𝑥1 = 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 > 𝑥2 .

2. Which of the following is true in solving an exponential inequality with base b


and exponents 𝑥1 and 𝑥2 ?
a. If 𝑏 > 1 and 𝑏 𝑥1 > 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 > 𝑥2 .
b. If 𝑏 > 1 and 𝑏 𝑥1 > 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 < 𝑥2 .
c. If 0 < 𝑏 < 1 and 𝑏 𝑥1 > 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 > 𝑥2 .
d. If 0 < 𝑏 < 1 and 𝑏 𝑥1 < 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 < 𝑥2 .

3. In solving for the value of the unknown variable in 25𝑥 = 64, what is the best
thing to do first?
a. Simplify 64 into 82 .
b. Divide 64 by 2.
c. Express 64 as 26 .
d. Multiply 5x by 2.

10 CO_Q1_General Mathematics SHS


Module 18
4. Which of the following best leads to the value of the unknown in 25𝑥 = 64?
a. 25𝑥 = 64/2
b. 25𝑥 = 26
c. 25𝑥 = 82
d. 25𝑥 = 64/25𝑥

5. What is the value of x in 25𝑥 = 64?


a. 6/5
b. 6
c. 8
d. 32

2
6. Which of the following best leads to the value of the unknown in 8𝑥 = 22𝑥+1 ?
2
a. 83𝑥 = 22𝑥+1
2
b. 8𝑥 = 82𝑥+1
c. (2)3 = 22𝑥+1
2
d. (2)3𝑥 = 22𝑥+1

2
7. What are the values of x in 8𝑥 = 22𝑥+1 ?
1
a. − , −1
3
1
b. − , 1
3
1
c. , −1
3
1
d. ,1
3

8. What is an important step in solving for x in any exponential inequality?


a. Consider if 𝑏 > 1 or if 0 < 𝑏 < 1.
b. Assume that 𝑏 < 0.
c. See to it that the exponents are equal.
d. Always divide both sides by the common exponent.

9. Which among the following is a significant observation when solving for x


value of 25𝑥 < 125 𝑥−3 ?
a. The exponents are almost the same.
b. The exponents both use x variable.
c. The bases are greater than 1.
d. The bases are both multiples of 5.

10. Which of the following best leads to the solution for the given in item 9?
a. 25𝑥 < (100 + 25)𝑥−3
b. 25𝑥 > (100 + 25)𝑥−3
c. (5)2𝑥 < (5)3(𝑥−3)
d. (5)2𝑥 > (5)3(𝑥−3)

11 CO_Q1_General Mathematics SHS


Module 18
11. What is the value of x in the given exponential inequality in item 9?
a. 𝑥<6
b. 𝑥>7
c. 𝑥<8
d. 𝑥>9

12. Which among the following is a significant observation when solving for x
value of 0.49𝑥 > 0.7𝑥+1 ?
a. The exponents both used variable x.
b. The exponent on the right side is 1 greater than the other.
c. The bases are multiples of 0.7.
d. The bases are greater than 0 but less than 1.

13. Which best leads to the correct answer in solving for the unknown variable
in the given exponential inequality in number 12?
a. 0.49𝑥 < (0.7)2(𝑥+1)
b. (0.7)2𝑥 < 0.7𝑥+1
c. 0.49𝑥 > (0.7)2(𝑥+1)
d. (0.7)2𝑥 > (0.7)2(𝑥+1)

14. Which of the following is a correct part of the solution for the given in item
12?
a. 𝑥 > 𝑥 + 1
b. 𝑥 < 𝑥 + 1
c. 2𝑥 > 𝑥 + 1
d. 2𝑥 < 𝑥 + 1

15. What is the value of x for the given in number 12?


a. (−∞, 1)
b. (−∞, 1]
c. (1, +∞)
d. [1, +∞)

Additional Activities

2 1 2𝑥+5 1 𝑥−1
Solve for the values of x in 323𝑥 = 411𝑥+24 and in ( ) =( ) .
16 64

12 CO_Q1_General Mathematics SHS


Module 18
Module 18
CO_Q1_General Mathematics SHS 13
What I Know What's More Assessment
1. a Activity 1.1 1. c
2. d 2. a
3. b By substituting each to x of the given. 3. c
4. a They are both correct. 4. b
5. b Becca used b=2, while Celia used b=4. 5. a
6. d It did not, since both were correctly used as 6. d
7. b exponential form of the given. 7. b
8. b Yes, they both did. They both used same 8. a
9. c bases for both sides of the equation, before 9. c
10. b equating their respective exponents. 10. c
11. d Dindo interchanged the inequality symbol, 11. d
12. c while Hector used the same symbol all 12. d
13. a throughout. 13. b
14. a Dindo used the property. Since 0<b(0.5)<1, 14. d
15. b he interchanged the inequality symbol. 15. a
0 cannot be.
-2 can be.
Only Dindo got it right.
Activity 1.2
4
1. 𝑥 =
3
2. 𝑥 >3
3. 𝑥 =4
4. 𝑥 ≥1
5. 𝑥 = −1
Answer Key
References
General Mathematics Learner’s Material. First Edition. 2016. P. 82

*DepED Material: General Mathematics Learner’s Material

14 CO_Q1_General Mathematics SHS


Module 18
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