General Mathematics: Quarter 1 - Module 18: Solving Exponential Equations and Inequalities
General Mathematics: Quarter 1 - Module 18: Solving Exponential Equations and Inequalities
General Mathematics: Quarter 1 - Module 18: Solving Exponential Equations and Inequalities
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.
Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro, Cainta, Rizal
Telefax: 02-8682-5773 /8684-4914/8647-7487
E-mail Address: [email protected]
General Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 18:
Solving Exponential Equations
and Inequalities
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
how to solve exponential equation and inequality. The scope of this module permits
it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What should be considered in solving an exponential equation?
a. Bases on both sides of the exponential equation must be the same.
b. Bases on both sides of the exponential equation must be simplified.
c. Exponents on both sides of the exponential equation must be the same.
d. Exponents on both sides of the exponential equation must be
simplified.
3. In solving for the value of the unknown variable in 4𝑥+1 = 16, what is the best
thing to do first?
a. Divide 16 by 4.
b. Express 16 as 42.
c. Multiply 4 by x+1.
d. Write x+1 as the exponent for both 4 and 16.
6. Which of the following best leads to the value of the unknown variable in 27𝑥 =
9?
a. 93𝑥 = 9
b. 39𝑥 = 9
c. 93𝑥 = 32
d. 33𝑥 = 32
1 𝑥+4 1 𝑥
13. Which best describes base b of ( ) ≥( ) ?
3 9
a. 0<𝑏<1
b. 𝑏<1
c. 𝑏>1
d. 𝑏>0
1 𝑥+4 1 𝑥
14. Which of the following best leads to the value of x in ( ) ≥( ) ?
3 9
1 𝑥+4 1 2𝑥
a. ( ) ≤( )
3 3
1 𝑥+4 1 𝑥
b. ( ) ≥( )
3 3
1 𝑥+4 1 −2𝑥
c. ( ) ≥( )
3 3
1 𝑥+4 1 −2𝑥
d. ( ) ≤( )
3 3
1 𝑥+4 1 𝑥
15. What is the solution to ( ) ≥( ) ?
3 9
a. (4, +∞)
b. [4, +∞)
c. (−∞, 4)
d. (−∞, 4]
What’s In
Listed below are statements with exponential expressions. Which are exponential
functions? exponential equations? exponential inequalities?
Both exponential equation and inequality, on the other hand, are the ones whose x
values satisfying the given statements, are meant to be solved. They both involve only
one variable. Among the given above, (a), (d), and (i) are exponential equations. They
are equations involving exponential expressions and are consisted of only one
variable. How about (c)? It does not even have an exponential expression since its
exponent is a constant.
The statements in (b) and (h) are the only exponential inequalities in the list. They
both have exponential expressions consisting of one variable only. Also, they both
use inequality symbols. (f) has inequality symbol, but why can’t you consider it as
exponential inequality? It is since its exponent is not a variable, hence it is not an
exponential expression.
What’s New
Raise It!
This time let us see how fast you can compute mentally and how smart your
reasoning power is. Just answer as fast as you can without looking at the solutions
below. Ready? Let us begin!
Solutions:
1. Sounds like you find it easy. Correct, three times!
2. Expressing it in symbols, it is 4𝑥 = 64. Then, it becomes 43 = 64, based on your
first answer.
3. In the previous module, you have learned that 4𝑥 = 64 is an exponential
equation since it is an exponential expression with only one variable and
involving an equation.
4. You might answer 5, 6, 7, 8, and so on. They are all correct. But actually, even
non-integers may be solutions as long as they are greater than 4. Hence the
solution is x > 4.
5. When written in symbols, it is 4𝑥 > 64.
6. It is an exponential inequality since it involves an exponential expression with
only one variable and an inequality.
In the previous activity you have been able to solve for the values of the unknown in
both exponential equation and inequality. Most probably you have successfully
solved them mentally. How do your solutions really work? Let us try to understand
it further.
Recall that in an exponential function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 , 𝑏 > 0 but 𝑏 ≠ 1. Now, the key to
solving exponential inequality is the fact that if 𝑏 > 1 and 𝑥1 > 𝑥2 , then 𝑏 𝑥1 > 𝑏 𝑥2 .
Otherwise, if 0 < 𝑏 < 1, then 𝑏 𝑥1 < 𝑏 𝑥2 . Let us further make this clearer by considering
the next examples.
Hence, the solution to the exponential inequality 5𝑥 > 125𝑥+8 is the set of all real
numbers less than -12. In symbols, that is, 𝑥 < −12 or (−∞, −12).
1 2𝑥+9 1 𝑥−5
Example 4: Solve for the values of x in ( ) ≤ ( ) .
7 343
Solution:
1 2𝑥+9 1 3(𝑥−5) 1 1 3
( ) ≤ ( ) Express as ( ) , in order for both sides of
343 7
7 7
the inequality to have same bases.
2𝑥 + 9 ≥ 3𝑥 − 15 1
𝑏 = . It is a fact that if 0 < 𝑏 < 1 and 𝑏 𝑥1 <
7
𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 > 𝑥2 .
2𝑥 + 9 − 2𝑥 + 15 ≥ 3𝑥 − 15 − 2𝑥 + 15 Use Addition Property of Equality in order to
solve for the value of x.
24 ≥ 𝑥 or 𝑥 ≤ 24 Combine like terms.
1 2𝑥+9 1 𝑥−5
Thus, the solution to the exponential inequality ( ) ≤ ( ) is the set of all real
7 343
numbers less than or equal to 24. In symbols, that is, 𝑥 ≤ 24 or (−∞, 24].
Activity 1.1
Who Has a Point?
Observe each of the following pairs of solutions. Decide whether anyone of them got
the correct answer. Answer the sets of guide questions.
Becca Celia
2 2
16 𝑥 = 4𝑥+3 16𝑥 = 4𝑥+3
4𝑥 2 2
(2) = (2)2(𝑥+3) (4)2𝑥 = 4𝑥+3
4𝑥 2 = 2𝑥 + 6 2𝑥 2 = 𝑥 + 3
1 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3 = 0
( ) (4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 6 = 0)
2
2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3 = 0 (2𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
(2𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 1) = 0 2𝑥 − 3 = 0 and 𝑥 + 1 = 0
2𝑥 − 3 = 0 and 𝑥 + 1 = 0 3
𝑥 = , 𝑥 = −1
2
3
𝑥 = , 𝑥 = −1
2
1. How did you check whether 3/2 and -1 are really solutions of the given
exponential equation?
2. Were Becca and Celia both correct or both wrong?
3. What is the difference between their solutions?
4. Did the difference affect the solutions? Why?
5. Did Becca and Celia both use the One-to-one Property of Exponential
Function? How?
Hector Dindo
(0.5)𝑥−1 > (0.25)−𝑥−2 (0.5)𝑥−1 > (0.25)−𝑥−2
(0.5)𝑥−1 > (0.5)2(−𝑥−2) (0.5)𝑥−1 > (0.5)2(−𝑥−2)
𝑥 − 1 > −2𝑥 − 4 𝑥 − 1 < −2𝑥 − 4
3𝑥 > −3 3𝑥 < −3
𝑥 > −1 𝑜𝑟 (−1, +∞) 𝑥 < −1 𝑜𝑟 (−∞, −1)
Solve for the values of x for each of the following exponential equations and
inequalities.
1. 82−𝑥 = 2
1 𝑥 1
2. ( ) <
2 8
3. 5𝑥 = 25𝑥−2
4. 3𝑥+2 ≥ 27
5. 43𝑥 = 8𝑥−1
Complete the following statements by filling in the blanks with the correct words or
phrases.
Assessment
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What should be considered in solving an exponential equation with base b and
exponents 𝑥1 and 𝑥2 ?
a. If 𝑏 𝑥1 = 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑥2 .
b. If 𝑏 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 .
c. If 𝑏 𝑥1 = 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 .
d. If 𝑏 𝑥1 = 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 > 𝑥2 .
3. In solving for the value of the unknown variable in 25𝑥 = 64, what is the best
thing to do first?
a. Simplify 64 into 82 .
b. Divide 64 by 2.
c. Express 64 as 26 .
d. Multiply 5x by 2.
2
6. Which of the following best leads to the value of the unknown in 8𝑥 = 22𝑥+1 ?
2
a. 83𝑥 = 22𝑥+1
2
b. 8𝑥 = 82𝑥+1
c. (2)3 = 22𝑥+1
2
d. (2)3𝑥 = 22𝑥+1
2
7. What are the values of x in 8𝑥 = 22𝑥+1 ?
1
a. − , −1
3
1
b. − , 1
3
1
c. , −1
3
1
d. ,1
3
10. Which of the following best leads to the solution for the given in item 9?
a. 25𝑥 < (100 + 25)𝑥−3
b. 25𝑥 > (100 + 25)𝑥−3
c. (5)2𝑥 < (5)3(𝑥−3)
d. (5)2𝑥 > (5)3(𝑥−3)
12. Which among the following is a significant observation when solving for x
value of 0.49𝑥 > 0.7𝑥+1 ?
a. The exponents both used variable x.
b. The exponent on the right side is 1 greater than the other.
c. The bases are multiples of 0.7.
d. The bases are greater than 0 but less than 1.
13. Which best leads to the correct answer in solving for the unknown variable
in the given exponential inequality in number 12?
a. 0.49𝑥 < (0.7)2(𝑥+1)
b. (0.7)2𝑥 < 0.7𝑥+1
c. 0.49𝑥 > (0.7)2(𝑥+1)
d. (0.7)2𝑥 > (0.7)2(𝑥+1)
14. Which of the following is a correct part of the solution for the given in item
12?
a. 𝑥 > 𝑥 + 1
b. 𝑥 < 𝑥 + 1
c. 2𝑥 > 𝑥 + 1
d. 2𝑥 < 𝑥 + 1
Additional Activities
2 1 2𝑥+5 1 𝑥−1
Solve for the values of x in 323𝑥 = 411𝑥+24 and in ( ) =( ) .
16 64