McGill University SAMPLE CRIB SHEETS

Faculty of Engineering CIVE 416

Two-dimensional seepage:
∂ 2h ∂ 2h nf ky
The 2D steady state flow equation kx + k =0 Q= k ht x= x k = kx ky
∂x 2 ∂y 2
y
ne kx
Earth pressure theory:

σ′h = Koσ′v Ko = 1 – sin φ′ Ko (over-consolidated) = Ko (normally-consolidated) OCR

σ 1′ = σ 3′ tan 2 (45 + φ ′ / 2 ) + 2 c ′ tan (45 + φ ′ / 2 ) σ a′ = σ o′ K a − 2c ′ K a

Rankine active earth pressure for sloping backfill

cos α − cos 2 α − cos 2 φ ′
σ′p = σ′o Kp + 2c′ Kp K a = cos α
cos α + cos 2 α − cos 2 φ ′
Coulomb active and passive earth pressure coefficient

sin 2 (α + φ ′) sin 2 (α − φ ′)
Ka = 2 Kp =
 sin (φ ′ + δ )sin (φ ′ − β ) 
2
sin 2 α sin (α − δ )1 +  sin (φ ′ + δ )sin (φ ′ + β ) 
sin (α − δ )sin (α + β ) 
 sin α sin (α + δ )1 −
2

  sin (α + δ )sin (α + β ) 

Stability of slopes:
c′ tan φ ′
Infinite slope F =
γd
sec α cos ec α +
tan α
[
1 − ru sec 2 α ] N=
cu
Fγ H

Ordinary method of slices F=  c′l + (W cosα − ul ) tanφ ′

n n

W sin α
i n

Retaining walls:

FS (sliding) = FR / Fd FR = (V) tan δ + B c′a + Pp Fd = Pa cos α

qmax = V/B [1 + (6e/B)]

Stress distribution due to surface load

3P 1
- Point Load, P: Δσ z =
2π z [1 + (r / z ) 2 ]5 2
2

qs
- Uniformly loaded strip, qs Δσ z = [α + sin α cos(α + 2β )]
π
  1 
3/ 2

- Uniformly loaded circle, qs Δσ z = q s 1 −  2
 
  1 + ( R / z )  

CIVE 416 Geotechnical Engineering, Sample Crib Sheet Final Examination Page 1
Immediate settlement:

Bowels (1987):

Schmertmann (1978):

α = factor depends on the location of the

point of interest
= 4 at the center of the foundation
= 1 at the corner of the foundation

B′ = B/2 for center of foundation

= B for corner of foundation

Consolidation settlement

Cc H σ ′ + Δσ ′
N.C. soils: Sc = log o
1 + eo σ o′

O.C. soils (OCR > 1 but σ′c > σ′o +Δσ′):

CH σ ′ + Δσ ′
S c = r log o
1 + eo σ o′

- OC soil (OCR > 1 but σ′c < σ′o +Δσ′)

CH σ′ C H σ ′ + Δσ ′
S c = s log c + c log o
1 + eo σ o′ 1 + eo σ c′

CIVE 416 Geotechnical Engineering, Sample Crib Sheet Final Examination Page 2
Taylor’s Chart

(φ = 0)

Bearing capacity and settlement of shallow foundation:

CIVE 416 Geotechnical Engineering, Sample Crib Sheet Final Examination Page 3
Terzaghi Theory: Strip footing qu = c′ Nc + γ D Nq + 0.5 B γ Nγ
Square footing qu = 1.3 c′ Nc + γ D Nq + 0.4 B γ Nγ
Circular footing qu = 1.3 c′ Nc + γ D Nq + 0.3 B γ Nγ
Meyerhof Theory: qu = c′ Nc (Sc ic dc) + γ D Nq (Sq iq dq ) + 0.5 B γ Nγ (Sγ iγ dγ)

Braced cuts:

Sandy soils: pa = 0.65 ka γ H Soft to firm clay: ka = 1 – m (4cu / γH); and pa =1.0 ka γ H
Stiff to hard fissured clay: pa = 0.2 γH to 0.4 γH
The factor of safety against base heave Fsb = (Nb cu) / σz

Pile Foundations:

Cohesionless soil: Qs = Σ p ΔL K σ′o tanδ and Qt =At σ′t Nq

Qs = n⎯N As and Qt = m N At

S = (D / 100) + (Qapp L / Ap Ep)

S = (Qapp / Es D) Io Rk Rv S group = S indiviual B

D
Cohesive soil:

Qs = p Σ α cu ΔL & Qt = Nc cu At Qs = p Σ β σ′v ΔL

Qgroup = cu Nc b2 + 4 cu b Le Qgroup = Ge n Qsingle

Sgroup = [Cc /(1 + eo)] [H – 2/3 L] log [(σ′o + Δσ′) / σ′o]

Negative skin friction: qn = α cu

CIVE 416 Geotechnical Engineering, Sample Crib Sheet Final Examination Page 4