TLE

7/8 (Dressmaking)
Quarter 1

LEARNER’S MATERIAL
 Principles of Designs and Colors
I Lesson

Principles and Elements of design will greatly help you to determine the
outfits good for you. First things first, you have to identify the types of our body.
The personality of the wearer shows the kind of image she/he projects.
Personalities differ depending on the kind of clothing people wear.
 Introvert persons prefer clothes of simple yet classical cut with pastel or
light colors.
 Extrovert persons are creative, artistic, expressive and energetic. They prefer
clothing that is comfortable, attractive and fashionable. They can wear all
kinds of clothing of varied style, colors and design with confidence.
In this lesson you will be able to assess the appropriateness of design
based on the clients’ features and read specification and apply the principle of
design and color harmonies.
Principles of Design
BALANCE ●Symmetrical or the formal balance –having equal "weight" on equal sides of a
centrally placed like a see saw. This is an easy way of balancing but lends mo-
From the
notony to the design.
centered of
the dress, ●Asymmetrical or the informal balance –The structure decoration and accesso-
design should ries are different both sides from the center of the design.
be identified ●Radial the design are at equal distance from a central point;A man wearing a
on both sides sun design on the front of his shirt may have this kind of design.
RHYTHM These are smooth movement lines repeated again and again. It is
created by repeated use of the design. If there is rhythm in a de-
sign, the eye would move easily from one part to the other
EMPHASIS Every pleasing design has one part that is more interesting than
any other. The center of interest.
HARMONY It is the blending of all components of design. When the structural
lines, decorative lines, colors and accessories all relate to each
other comfortably, harmony results

PROPOR- The pleasing relationship of all parts of the object with one anoth-
TION er. Proportion refers to the relative size and scale of the various
elements in a design. The issue is the relationship between ob-
jects, or parts, of a whole.
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
1. Line creates a visual dimension of length and width. When lines meet, space is
enclosed and a shape is defined. Lines direct the eyes to a certain path of
vision, or it can draw the eyes away from an undesirable area of the body.

There are two kinds of lines in garments:

A. The Directional line such as vertical, horizontal, diagonal, checkered,
broken and curved. These affect the height and size of an individual. Lines
are serving as clothing designs like the art of printing flowers, dots and
others on fabric.
B. Structural lines are found on necklines, armholes, hemlines, darts, side
seams, sleeves, collars, tucks and pleats of garments.

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2. Color is a radiant energy loosely termed light that produces sensation in
our eyes.
COLOR THEORY
The first thing you usually notice about clothes or anything is their color.
Before you start studying which colors look best together, you should learn the
meaning of color terms and the rules that apply to colors.
The Color Wheel
Primary Colors – red, blue and yellow.
Secondary Colors – are produced when mixing two equal
amount of primary colors. Look at the color wheel you will
find these colors – orange, green and violet.
Intermediate Colors – are produced by mixing two equal
amount of primary and secondary colors.
Pure Colors – are the primary, secondary and intermediate colors because they
have no white, black and gray in them. Pure colors are also called ―normal, true
and basic colors‖.
Tints – when pure colors are mixed with white, they are made lighter.
Shades – when pure colors are mixed with black, they are made darker.
Grayed colors – most colors we used in clothes are grayed colors rather than
bright, pure colors you see on the color wheel.
Neutrals – are white, black and gray. They look well with another and with all
other colors. The more grayed colors becomes, the more different colors it will
harmonize with. yellow-green, while olives are dull yellow green.
COLOR SCHEMES
1. One-color harmony (monochromatic color) – the easiest color scheme to follow
is one that uses the same color in different values and intensity. Example,
dark blue suit with very dark blue accessories and a light blue blouse.
2. Adjacent color harmony (analogous color harmony) -Since they are near each
other on the color wheel, neighbor color harmony. Example, yellow-orange, or-
ange and yellow green are next to each other on the color wheel.
3. Complementary Color Harmony – these are colors that are opposite in the
color wheel.
a. Complementary colors – directly opposite in the color wheel. Example, red
and green, blue and orange
b. Split complementary colors – a variation of the complementary color
scheme. In addition to the base color, it uses the two colors adjacent to its
complement.
c. Triad - A triadic color scheme uses colors that are evenly spaced around
the color wheel. Triadic color harmonies tend to be quite vibrant, even if
you use.

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Female Body Shape
Apple body shape traits:
 Hips and shoulders have the same width; waistline has the same width or is wider.
 You gain weight mainly around the waist, at least in proportion to the other parts of
your body.
 You probably have slender lower legs and arms.
 Your high hip is wider than your lower hip.
 Your bust and/or midriff are larger than your hips.
 You might be short-waisted.
 Your thighs or hips are probably the narrowest part of your body.
Pear body shape traits (Triangular):
 Your hips are wider than your shoulders.
 You have round, sloping shoulders.
 You have a well-defined waistline (and might even have killer abs).
 Your buttocks and thighs are full and round.
 Pear body shapes gain weight on their thighs.
Male Body Shape
 Your hips and shoulders have about the same width.
 You have round and sloping shoulders.
 You have a well-defined waistline.
 Your lower hips are wider than your high hips.
 Your thighs are full but narrower than the lower hips.
 Hourglass body shapes gain weight through the hips and above the waist.
Rectangle body shape traits:
 Your hips, waistline and shoulders have about the same width.
 Rectangles gain weight evenly, but may gain some more through the upper
back or neck.
 You have rather straight shoulders.
 Your buttocks are flat.
 You have an athletic build and a small bustline.
Inverted body shape traits:
 You have prominent and broad straight shoulders — wider than your waist-
line or hips.
 You have an athletic build.
 You might have a larger chest and fuller back than rectangles.

D
Learning Task 1: The following are the lists of principles and elements of
design. Classify whether it is a principle or an element. Draw a if it is
principle and a if it is an element.

CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION

1. BALANCE 5. PROPORTION

2. RHYTHM 6. LINE

3. EMPHASIS 7. COLOR

4. HARMONY

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Learning Task 2: Each body have different shapes. Look carefully, compare then
try to guess their body shape.

E
Learning Task 3: Draw an outfit designed for yourself. Identify the body shape
that you have. Sketch a design of dress/clothes that will fit on your body
shapes. Apply the principles of design and color harmonies.

A
Learning Task 3: Match Column A (Principles of design) to Column B
(description).

A B
1. BALANCE A. These are smooth movement lines repeated again and again. It is created
by repeated use of the design.

2. EMPHASIS B. It is the blending of all components of design.

3. RHYTHM C. From the centered of the dress, design should be identified on both sides

4. HARMONY D. Every pleasing design has one part that is more interesting than any oth-
er. The center of interest
5. PROPORTION E. The pleasing relationship of all parts of the object with one another

Proportion refers to the relative size and scale of the various elements in a
design.

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 Proper Maintenance of Sewing Machine
Lesson
I
A sewing machine like any piece of equipment, needs some care and
cleaning. Keep it dusted and lubricated at least once a week or more often if the
machine is in constant use. Sewing machine requires basic maintenance of
cleaning, oiling, and lubricating.

You must be familarized with the following terms in taking care of sewing
machine
Adjust – change present setting as in adjusting tensions.
Entangle - forming knots like thread entangled in the bobbin case.
Lift – moving upward as in a presser foot lifter .
Replace – putting something new in the place of an old or damaged
part.
Pucker – wrinkling of fabric caused by very tight stitches.
Lubricant – a material capable of reducing friction when applied
between moving parts.
Lubricate – the act of applying a lubricating agent between moving parts
to reduce friction and preventing the form of rust.

Proper Handling and Cleaning the Sewing Machine

For a machine to perform well, it should be well taken cared of.
A. General Cleaning
As you clean the machine, it is best to clean one area at a time. Remove
only the parts that are involved and be sure to note where each part is from, and
its correct position. Here are the steps:
1. Prepare the needed tools and supplies in cleaning the sewing machine.
Cleaning tools and materials includes: Quality oil, lint brush dry paint brush
screw drivers, pen and record notebook, cotton buds (optional).
2. Remove the needle if there is any. This will prevent the cleaner from pricking
fingers during the cleaning process.

Parts needed to be cleaned

1. Face plate (presser bar, needle bar, thread take up lever, lifter). Unscrew
face plate and keep it in the drawer while cleaning. Brush dust away then
put a little amount of oil while rotating the balance wheel so inner parts can
be accessed. Put back the face plate in place.
2. Upper Tension (disc spring and dial). Remove outer bolt, tension dial, discs
and disc spring. Lay each part in your front table following its disassembling
for easier assembling. Brush dust and wipe with absorbent cloth with oil. As-
semble by following the laid parts in your table.
3. Lower Mechanism ( rotary oscillating hook ) Remove bobbin case. Fasten
sides of oscillating hook. Remove dust with lint brush. Put a little amount of
machine oil on moving parts. Return spare parts in place.

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Classifications of Sewing Machine Troubles
There are two classifications of sewing machine troubles, namely:
1. Minor sewing machine trouble. This refers to problems that arise involving
incorrectly attached accessories or supplies, unadjusted tensions, or that re-
quires a little dusting or oiling.
2. Major sewing machine trouble. This involves replacing or removing damage
spare parts that made the sewing machine not totally functioning.
SEWING MACHINE PROBLEMS AND REMEDIES
In the previous lessons, you have learned the basics in sewing machine
operations. This is now the time to apply your skills in giving corrective
measures for identified problems in your machine. Let us review the sewing ma-
chine troubles and how to treat them.
PROBLEMS CHECK REMEDIES

Skipped 1. Type of needle may be wrong for  Change the needle with the
the fabric correct size
Stitches 2. Stitch length may be too long.  Adjust the stitch length to
3. Condition of the needle may standard size
be dull or bent  Replace the needle with a
4. Machine threading may be new one
incorrect  Thread the machine properly
5. Needle position may be wrong  Set the needle properly
Thread 1. Size of needle too big or too small  Change the needle with the
correct size
Breaks 2. Type of thread too thin, knotted,  Change thread with the
or uneven correct type
3. Type of needle maybe wrong for  Change the needle with the
the fabric correct type
4. Machine threading may be  Thread the machine properly
incorrect  Adjust tension then check
stitches
5. Tension may be too tight.
Needle 1. Tension may be too tight  Adjust the tension and test
2. Needle position may be wrong stitches
Break  Set the needle properly
3. Presser foot may not be tight.
4. Fabric – may have too many  Tighten the presser foot
layers or may be too thick  Adjust pressure on the
presser foot

Seams 1. Tension may be too tight  Loosen tension screw

Pucker 2. Needle may be too big or dull  Replace the needle
3. Thread may be too coarse  Change the thread with
4. Stitch length may be too long correct thickness
 Adjust stitch regulator to

Machine 1.Bobbin threading may be  Rewind thread to bobbin

incorrect.
Jams 2. Thread may be knotted or too  Entangle thread or change
coarse thread
3. Bobbin case threads may catch  Remove caught threads from
thread
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 Health and Safety Procedure in Sewing Machine Maintenance
Cleaning and lubricating a sewing machine is quite a messy task. Therefore,
personal care should be observed during this activity. The following health and
safety precautions should be practiced at the shop or at home.
1. Wear personal protective equipment. This prevents your clothing from being
tarnished by oil and dirt. Be sure to wear gloves to avoid accumulation of oil
and dirt in your nails and palms. (Wearing of protective eye glasses is optional).
2. Remove the upper belt or turn power off (for powered sewing machine) before
oiling the sewing machine.
3. When a chemical or small spare parts get into your eyes, call the attention of
your teacher at once.
4. Do not remove any safety device from any machine.
5. Be sure that all screws are well-tightened before starting the machine.
6. Make sure that no screws or tools are left on the floor to avoid slipping.
7. Wipe dry spilled oils on the floor to avoid accidents.
8. Assign colored tags for a newly maintained sewing machine. This will make
the user be aware of its present condition.

MAINTAINING RECORDS OF SEWING MACHINE

Recording is very important because it provides solutions to a problem, gives infor-

mation for tracing the trend to the source. It gives information on consistently unsatis-
factory machines, and it also provides vital information for without it, it’s impossible to
know the situation at any given time and so make sound decisions

Record Matrix
A record matrix form is a form to be completed after setting the machine. It may
involve adjustments on the stitch length, tension and attachments included in the ac-
complishment of the project/activity to be done.
Contents of the Record Matrix

1. Date – the day when the sewing machine is set.

2. Project Title – correct name / agreed name of the project.

ADJUSTMENTS AND ATTACHMENTS

Project
Date Remarks Students
Title
Upper Stitch Thread No. of
Tension Setting Use Needle
July
14, Straight Polyester Joanne
2008 5 10-8 14 Good
Stitching Thread Zartiga

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E
Learning Activity 2
Answer the following questions based on your own understanding about the les-
son.( at least 50 words each). Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1.Why is there a need to put oil on slots after dusting the sewing machine?
2. How do we classify sewing machine troubles?

Learning Activity 3: JUMBLED LETTERS

Rearrange the letters in column A and write the Correct word that corresponds
to the given description in column B. Write the correct word on your activity
notebook.
A. B.
1. NSTEION a. Tighten and loosen the stitches
2. SENGSWITSOLO b. This is essential in cleaning and
lubricating the sewing machine
3. THOCLDPMA c. It is a cloth applied with moisture on water
4. HURBS d. It is used in wiping dust in cleaning the
Sewing machine.
5. ROSEBANTB e. a material property that sucks-up or takes
-in the manner of sponge

A
Learning Task 4: Create Educational Infographics
Plan and create a Poster about the safety procedures in maintenance of sewing
machine. Your output will be evaluated using the given rubrics.
Rubrics

Originality 25 %

Creativity 25 %

Content 30 %

Over all Impact 20

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Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) Grade 7
Quarter 1 Dressmaking
First Edition, 2020

Learning Activity Sheets

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Diana Rose R. Cantero, Dianne B. Dimailig, Elreen I. Caparas, Glorie Joy
M. De Villa, Jelyn E. Balbanida, Maria Jessica V. Marasigan, Marife P. Pulhin,
Mary Ann G. Oyos, Melanie C. Ditaonon, Rina A. Gonzaga, Vichelle P. Laruta
Evaluator: Victoria Aranda
Layout Artist: Elizalde L. Piol

Management Team: Mario B. Maramot, CID Chief

Rosalinda A. Mendoza, SDO EPS In-charge of LR

Macaria Carina C. Carandang, EPS Subject Area In-charge

Department of Education Region 4A CALABARZON

Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Cainta Rizal
Landline: 02-868-257-73 Local 420/421
Email Address: [email protected]
You will be graded by the following rubrics.

Criteria Points Score

Cleanliness 3
Presentation 2
Craftsmanship 5
Total 10

LEARNING TASK 31: “GET THE MEASUREMENT”

Directions: Get the measurement of your family members preferably 1 male and 1
female. Record all the measurements in English system (inches). Use the given
pattern below.

Material needed is your tape measure.

Name of Client: __________ Sex: _______

Body Measurement Measurement (Inches)

Bust
Waist
Hips
Shoulder to Bust
Front Shoulder to Waist
Shoulder to Shoulder
Full Back
Sleeve Hole
Bicep
Elbow
Over Arm
Side Seam
Shirt length
Sleeve length
Length of pants or shorts
Shoulder
Bust/Breast
Upper arm girth
Lower arm girth
Neck measure

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LEARNING TASK 32: “E-IDENTIFY”

Directions: Identify the body parts being measured in each number. Write it in your
journal.

LEARNING TASK 33: “COLOR MIXING”

Direction: Copy the given figure below in your journal and then make an experiment
of combining them using watercolor.

1. 2.

3. 4.

5.

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LEARNING TASK 37: SAFETY FIRST

Directions: Look at the two caricatures below. List down at least five (5)
Occupational Health and Safety Procedures to be followed in:
A. Sewing
B. Cleaning and Lubricating machine.
Write your answer in your journal using the format below.
A

1._________________________________________________________
2._________________________________________________________
3._________________________________________________________
4._________________________________________________________
5._________________________________________________________
B.

1._________________________________________________________
2._________________________________________________________
3._________________________________________________________
4._________________________________________________________
5._________________________________________________________

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LEARNING TASK 40: ARRANGE ME

Directions: Arrange the following steps in chronological order. Mark the first step
as a, second as b and so on. Write your answer in your journal.

A. Face Plate (presser bar, needle bar, thread take up lever, lifter).

_____1. Put back the Face Plate in place

_____2. Unscrew face plate and keep it in the drawer while cleaning.
_____3. Brush dust away then put a little amount of oil while rotating the
balance wheel to inner parts can be accessed.

B. Lower mechanism (rotary oscillating hook)

_____1. Put a little amount of machine oil on moving parts

_____2. Remove dust with lint brush
_____3. Fasten sides of oscillating hook
_____4. Return spare parts in place
_____5. Remove bobbin case.

C. Upper tension (Disc Spring and Dial)

_____1. Brush dust and wipe with absorbent cloth with oil
_____2. Remove outer bolt, tension dial, discs and disc spring
_____3. Assemble by following the laid parts in your table
_____4. Lay each part in your front table following its disassembling for
easier assembling

Post Activity Question:

1. Why do we need to follow the correct steps and procedures when cleaning
and lubricating machine?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
______

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LEARNING TASK 41: What am I missing?
Directions: Supply the missing information inside the table (supply as many as
you can). Rewrite the table below and answer it in your journal.
Machine Causes Remedies
Troubles
1 Machine runs • oil the sewing
noisily machine
• tighten loose screw
• clean the shuttle race
before oiling
2 Machine • too tight belt
rotates heavily • insufficient oil
• bearings or shuttle
race is clogged with
dust or thread
3 • check the threading ,
. change the texture of
thread and attach the
needle properly to the
needle bar (flat side of
the needle should face
the needle bar) .
4 • bent needle , dull
needle or wrongly
attached needle
•unmatched size of
needle or thread to
the texture of fabric
•no enough pressure
on the presser foot
5 • use blunt needle
• check the threading;
if loops appear under
the fabric, check the
upper threading; adjust
the upper tension
regulator; if the loops
appear on top of the
fabric, check the lower
threading;

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