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Worksheet - Experiment 2 Distillation

The document describes an experiment involving the distillation of two mixtures: potassium permanganate solution and aqueous ethanol. It provides labels and functions for the parts of the distillation set-up, observations before and after each distillation, temperature readings, and answers questions about the distillation process concisely. Safety precautions for distillation are cited, and advantages and disadvantages of simple versus fractional distillation are compared in a table.

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Sobi Sitjar
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2K views4 pages

Worksheet - Experiment 2 Distillation

The document describes an experiment involving the distillation of two mixtures: potassium permanganate solution and aqueous ethanol. It provides labels and functions for the parts of the distillation set-up, observations before and after each distillation, temperature readings, and answers questions about the distillation process concisely. Safety precautions for distillation are cited, and advantages and disadvantages of simple versus fractional distillation are compared in a table.

Uploaded by

Sobi Sitjar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment 2

Distillation

Names _Celosia, Jakel Van & Sitjar, Sobi _____ Schedule _4:30-7:30pm W____

A. Fill up the table below to identify and provide the function/purpose of


each part of the distillation set-up labeled as follows:

Label Name Function


A Thermometer used to measure the temperature of the vapor that is about to
be condensed
B Distilling flask this serves to separate a mixture of two liquids with different
boiling points
C Burner this serves as the heating medium to cure the material raw in
the tank heater
D Water outlet where the condensed water vapor exits
E Condenser this serves as the medium to change the entire gas into a liquid
phase
F Water inlet where the cold water fills the condenser to ensure efficient
cooling
G Vacuum it connects to the lower end of the condenser and serves to
adapter direct the distilled liquid into the receiving flask
H Distillate the distilled liquid from the condenser
I Receiving this serves as the container for the sample
flask
B. Observations:
B.1 Distillation of KMnO4 solution
1. Write your observations before and after distillation

- Before the distillation process, it was shown first how to set-up a


distillation apparatus, it was heated using the bunsen burner and the
solution was starting to boil and some vapors are now starting to
condense on the thermometer bulb, As the solution starting to boil, the
temperature also is rising. The solution was heated longer until it
reached its boiling point. The vapors are now escaping through the
side arm until it goes to the condenser where the vapors turn into
liquid form then it travels to its reaching point the receiver. Before the
distillation, it has dark violet colored solution and after it is distilled
the color turns into a colorless liquid.

2. Temperature reading for KMnO4 = 99°C

3. What is the probable identity of the distillate?

-The distillate is expected to be pure.

B.2 Distillation of aqueous ethanol


1. Write your observations before and after distillation

2. Temperature reading during:


Temperature Reading
a. first 2mL of distillate 76℃
b. second 2mL of distillate 91℃
c. third 2mL of distillate 94℃

3. Why is there a difference in their identity? What can be done to


separate the mixture further?

- There is a difference in their identity because of its boiling point


and boiling point range. To separate the mixture further, fractional
distillation must be done.

C. Answer the following briefly, but concisely:


1. In the set-up, where would the mercury bulb of the thermometer be?
Why?

The mercury bulb of the thermometer should be positioned so that vapors


condense readily on it. The tip of the bulb should be in line with the lowest part
of the connecting tube of the stillhead.

2. A. Why should a distilling flask at the beginning of a distillation be filled to


not more than ⅔ its capacity?
This is because there needs to be sufficient clearance above the surface of
the liquid so that when boiling commences the liquid is not propelled into the
condenser, compromising the purity of the distillate.

B. Why not to less than ⅓ its capacity?

This is because less than 1/3 full may allow you to lose product and run
the risk of distilling to dryness.

3. Why is it dangerous to heat a compound in a distilling assembly that is


closed tightly at every joint and has no vent or opening to the
atmosphere?

If you heat an organic compound in a closed-system distillation apparatus


that is not properly vented, it can build pressure and potentially burst.
4. What is the use of boiling chips?

Boiling chips provide nucleation sites so the liquid boils smoothly without
becoming superheated or bumping.

5. Distinguish between a water condenser and an air condenser. When may


an air condenser be used?

A water condenser has a high thermal conductivity of water that favors


high heat transfer capacity, an air condenser on the other hand, has a low
thermal conductivity and the condenser capacity is very low. An air condenser
may be used for fractional distillation.

6. Cite at least three (3) safety precautions in using distillation.

- Your distillation area should be well lit, clean and well ventilated to
prevent the accumulation of alcoholic vapours.
- Ensure that there is no obstruction in the piping that could cause
excessive pressure build up in the still and cause it to burst.
- When working with flammable liquids such as ethanol care should be
taken to eliminate any fire hazards. Keep a fire extinguisher handy and
collect the distillate securely so the risk of spilling it is reduced.

7. Cite advantages and disadvantages between simple distillation and


fractional distillation.

Advantages Disadvantages
-consumes less energy -only works well with
Simple distillation -simpler setup relatively pure liquids
-faster distillation time -requires the liquids to have
large boiling point differences
(>70oC)
-gives poorer separation than
fractional distillation

-can more readily purify -consumes more energy than


Fractional distillation complex mixtures than simple simple distillation
distillation -more complicated setup than
-much better separation simple distillation
between liquids than simple -takes longer for liquids to
distillation distill

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