1/7/2018 Bolting: Selection guide for bolting material

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⌂ Home » Introduction » Components used in piping » Bolting: Selection Guide for

Bolting Material

Bolting: Selection Guide for Bolting Material

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1. Introduction to bolts
2. Classi cation of bolting material
3. Applications of bolts
4. Dimensional standards for bolts

Introduction to bolts:
The anges are drilled to receive bolts which, if of the proper material, will develop the to search type and hit enter
full ange strength and result in a satisfactory joint at the service intended.
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The term ‘bolting material’ covers bolts, studs and stud bolts.
 
As per ASME B16.5, one can use either square head machine bolts or studs for making Piping engineering
a joint. Bolts and studs are available in either fully threaded or partially threaded Follow
condition. The fully threaded structure ensures an equal distribution of elongation
when the bolts are tightened and avoid concentration of stresses that exist in partially
threaded stock due to varying cross-sections.

Also, studs are preferred over bolts due to ease of insertion during assembly. At places, SUBSCRIBE UPDATES. IT'S FREE!
like bolting of two valves together, there may not be su cient clearance available for
inserting bolts due to valve body contour and use of studs is the only possible solution Your email:
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1/7/2018 Bolting: Selection guide for bolting material

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Fig 1 Stud bolts with 2-hexagonal nuts

Machine bolts with 1-hexagonal nuts

Classi cation of bolting material:

Since bolting material does not come in contact with uid, its material compatibility
with uid is not important. The selection of bolt material is determined based on
service conditions and it is wasteful to specify expensive alloys when carbon steel
material is entirely suitable. It is important for bolting material to have good tensile
stress.

As per ASME B16.5, bolting material has been divided into three categories as follows:

i. High strength bolting:

Bolting materials having allowable stresses not less than those for ASTM A193 grade B7
are listed as high strength bolts. ASME B16.5 Table 1B is enclosed for reference.

These and other materials of comparable strength may be used in any anged joint.

ii. Intermediate strength bolting:

Bolting materials listed as intermediate strength in Table 1B, and other bolting of
comparable strength, may be used in any anged joint, provided the user veri es their
ability to seat the selected gasket and maintain a sealed joint under expected operating
conditions.

iii. Low strength bolting:

Bolting materials having not more than 30 ksi speci ed minimum yield strength are
listed as low strength in Table 1B. These materials and others of comparable strength
shall be used only in Classes 150 and 300 joints, and only with gaskets of group no. 1a.
Flanged joints using low strength carbon steel bolts shall not be used above 400°F or
below -20°F.
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i.        For anged joints in piping system where one or both anges are of cast
bolts / studs conforming to ASTM A307 Gr. B and nuts conforming to A194 Gr. 2 are
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1/7/2018 Bolting: Selection guide for bolting material
usually used.

Equivalent IS standards for such fasteners is IS 1367 CI. 6.6 / IS 1367 CI. 6.

ii.        For carbon steel anges having ASME 150 rating on non-critical services, bolts /
studs conforming to ASTM A307 and nuts conforming to ASTM A194 Gr. 2 or fasteners
conforming to IS 1367 CI. 6.6 / IS 1367 CI. 6 are usually used.

iii.        For carbon steel anges on process and critical services involving medium and
moderately high pressures and temperatures, bolts / studs conforming to ASTM A193
Gr. B7 along with heavy hexagonal head nuts conforming to ASTM A194 Gr. 2H are
usually used.

iv.        For very severe service conditions involving high temperatures upto 1100°F bolts
/studs conforming to ASTM A193 Gr. B7 along with nuts conforming to ASTM A194 are
usually used.

v.        For low temperature carbon steel anges, studs conforming to ASTM A320 Gr. L7
along with nuts conforming to ASTM A194 Gr. 4 are usually used.

vi.        For all ange joints in plastic piping, low strength bolts / studs are usually
acceptable. Use of washers is recommended for joints in plastic piping.

vii.        Sometimes in plastic piping, handling corrosive uids, it is recommended that

the fasteners are supplied with cadmium plating or galvanized coating. This is in order
to have corrosion resistance against spillages, etc.

Dimensional standards for bolts:

Dimensional standards usually adopted for fasteners are as follows:

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Studs bolts: ASME B 18.2.1

Studs: DIN 976 Type B / DIN 934

Nuts: ASME B 18.2.2

Male Threads: ASME B 1.1 C1. 2A

Coarse series (UNC)

Female Threads: ASME B 1.1 C1. 2A

Coarse series

Bolting speci cations

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1/7/2018 Bolting: Selection guide for bolting material

General note:
Bolting material shall not be used beyond temperature limits speci ed in the governing
code.

NOTES:

1. Repair welding of bolting material is prohibited.

2. These bolting materials may be used with all listed materials and gaskets.
3. These bolting materials may be used with all listed materials and gaskets, provided it
has been veri ed that a sealed joint can be maintained under rated working
pressure and temperature.
4. These bolting materials may be used with all listed materials that are limited to
Classes 150 and 300 joints. See para. 5.4.1 for required gasket practices.
5. These materials may be used as bolting with comparable nickel and special alloy
parts.
6. This austenitic stainless steel material has been carbide solution treated but not
strain hardened. Use A194
7. Nuts may be machined from the same material or may be of a compatible grade of
ASTM A194.
8. Maximum operating temperature is arbitrarily set at 500°F, unless material has been
annealed, solution annealed or hot nished, because hard temper adversely a ects
design stress in the creep rupture stage.
9. Forging quality not permitted, unless the producer last testing or working these
parts, tests them as required for other permitted conditions in the same
speci cation and certi es their tensile, yield and elongation properties to equal or
exceed the requirements for one of the other permitted conditions.

10. This ferritic material is intended for low temperature service. Use A194 Grade 4 or
Grade 7 nuts.

11. This austenitic stainless steel material has been carbide solution treated and stain
hardened. Use A194 nuts of corresponding material.

12. This carbon steel fastener shall not be used above 400°F or below -20°F. See also
note (4). Bolts with drilled or undersized hands shall not be used.

13. Acceptable nuts for use with quenched and tempered bolts are A194 Grades 2 and
2H. Mechanical property requirements for studs shall be the same as those for bolts.

14. This special Alloy is intended for high temperature service with austenitic stainless
steel.

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1 Stainless steel fasteners online.com

2 cap nut cap nut Manufacturer, More Choose,Visit and Find. pioneer.chinafastener.com

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