JIMMA UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION TO

STATISTICS AND
CNS
PROBABILITY
DEPARTMENT OF WORKSHEET
STATISTICS

#1: One urn contains one black ball and one gold ball. A second urn contains one white and
one gold ball. One ball is selected at random from each urn.
(a) Exhibit a sample space for this experiment.
(b) What is the probability that both balls will be of the same colour?
(c) What is the probability that one ball will be green?
#2: One urn contains three red balls, two white balls, and one blue ball. A second
Urn contains one red ball, two white balls, and three blue balls.
(a) One ball is selected at random from each urn.
(I) describe a sample space for this experiment.
(II) Find the probability that both balls will be of the same colour.
(III) Is the probability that both balls will be red greater than the
probability that both will be white?
(b) The balls in the two urns are mixed together in a single urn, and then a sample of three is
drawn. Find the probability that all three colours are represented, when
I. Sampling with replacement
II. Without replacement.

#3: An urn contains 5 red, 7 blue and 2 yellow balls. Three balls are randomly chosen from
the urn. Find the probability that they are of the same colour
If (a) the balls are drawn with replacement
(b) the balls are drawn without replacement
#4: Let A and B be boxes that contain 5 black, 6 white; 8 black, 4 white balls respectively.
Two balls are transferred from B to A and then a ball is drawn from A
(a) What is the probability that this ball is white?
(b) Given that the ball drawn is white, what is the probability that at least one white ball was
transferred to A?
#5: An electrical system consists of four components as illustrated in Figure below. The
system works if components A and B work and either of the components C or D work. The
reliability (probability of working) of each component is also shown in Figure. Find the
probability that:

a) The entire system works,

b) The component C does not work, given that the entire system works.
Assume that four components work independently.

0.8

0.9 0.9

A B 0.8

#6: A circuit system is given in figure below. Assume the components fail independently.

a) What is the probability that the entire system works?

b) Given that the system works, what is the probability that the component A is not
working?
0.7 0.7

A B

0.8 0.8 0.8

C D E

n
#7:Let B1,B2,....,Bn be mutually disjoint, and let B= B
i 1
i
.Suppose P[ B i ] >0 and P[A/Bi]=k

for i=1,2,3,...,n. show that P[A/B]=k

#8: Given P [A] =0.5 and P [AUB] =0.7
i. Find p [B] if A and B are independent.
ii. Find p [B] if A and B are mutually exclusive.
iii. Find p[B] if P[A/B]=0.5

#9: An automobile manufacturer is concerned about a possible recall of their best-selling

four-door sedan. If there were a recall, there is 0.25 probability that a defect is in a brake
system, 0.18 in the transmission, 0.17 in the fuel system, and 0.40 in some other area.
a) What is the probability that the defect is the brakes or the fueling system if the
probability of defects in both systems simultaneously is 0.15?
b) What is the probability that there are no defects in either the brakes or the fueling
system?

#10: A bag contains 6 red and 8 black balls. Another bag contains 7 red and 10 black balls. A
bag is selected and a ball is drawn. Find the probability that it is a red ball.
#11: The probability that an automobile being filled with gasoline will also need an oil
change is0.25; the probability that it needs a new oil filter is 0.40; and the probability that
both the oil and filter need changing is 0.14.
a) If the oil had to be changed, what is the probability that a new oil filter is needed?
b) If new oil filter is needed, what is the probability that the oil has to be changed?
#12: One bag contains 4 white balls and 3 black balls, and a second bag contains 3 white
balls and 5 black balls. One ball is drawn from the first bag and placed unseen in the second
bag. What is the probability that a ball now drawn from the second bag is black?
#13: Form five digit numbers from (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7) and each digit can be used only
once
a) How many ways can you form a five – digit number?
b) How many ways can you form a five digit odd number?
c) How many of them are greater than 5500?

#14: How many four digit numbers can be formed using 0, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and each digit can be
used only once? In how many ways can seven digit numbers greater than 10, 00,000 be
formed using digits 1,2,0,2,4,2,4?
#15: m is the number of arrangements of x things taking all at a time .n is the number of
arrangements of x-2 things taking 4 at a time .p is the number of arrangements of x-6 things
taking all at a time and if m=30np,the find x.
#16: If two events A and B are independent, show that
(i) AC and BC are independent
(ii) AC and B are independent
(iii) A and BC are independent.

#17: Box 1 contains 1 white and 999 red balls. Box 2 contains 1 red and 999 white balls. A
ball is picked from a randomly selected box. If the ball is red, what is the probability that it
came from box 1?
#18: Eyob is going to graduate from a Mechanical engineering department in a university by
the end of the semester. Alter being interviewed at two companies he likes, he assesses that
his probability of getting an offer from company A is 0.8, and the probability that he gets an
offer from company B is 0.6. On the other hand, he believes that the probability that he will
get offers from both companies is 0.5. What is the probability that he will get at least one
offer from these two companies?

#19: If the probabilities that an automobile mechanic will service 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more

cars on any given workday are, respectively, 0.12, 0.19, 0.28, 0.24, 0.10, and 0.07, what is the
probability that he will service at least 5 cars on his next day at work?