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    Hanoi University of Science and Technology

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    Hoàng Vũ
    This document is a lesson on magnetostatic fields, which are static magnetic fields caused by direct currents. It defines key concepts like current, conductive current, and basic quantities of magnetic fields. The laws of current conservation, Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's law, and Biot-Savart law are covered. Properties of magnetostatic fields like having no divergence and closed magnetic field lines are discussed.

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    Hanoi University of Science and Technology

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    Hoàng Vũ
    19 views14 pages
    This document is a lesson on magnetostatic fields, which are static magnetic fields caused by direct currents. It defines key concepts like current, conductive current, and basic quantities of magnetic fields. The laws of current conservation, Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's law, and Biot-Savart law are covered. Properties of magnetostatic fields like having no divergence and closed magnetic field lines are discussed.

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    HUST-SET-ET3210_Lesson3_English

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    This document is a lesson on magnetostatic fields, which are static magnetic fields caused by direct currents. It defines key concepts like current, conductive current, and basic quantities of magnetic fields. The laws of current conservation, Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's law, and Biot-Savart law are covered. Properties of magnetostatic fields like having no divergence and closed magnetic field lines are discussed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views14 pages

    Hanoi University of Science and Technology

    Uploaded by

    Hoàng Vũ
    This document is a lesson on magnetostatic fields, which are static magnetic fields caused by direct currents. It defines key concepts like current, conductive current, and basic quantities of magnetic fields. The laws of current conservation, Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's law, and Biot-Savart law are covered. Properties of magnetostatic fields like having no divergence and closed magnetic field lines are discussed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 14

    School of electronics and telecommunications

    Hanoi University of science and Technology

    ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY


    LESSON 3: MAGNETOSTATIC (MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO DIRECT CURRENT)
    T S. HO ÀNG PHƯƠ NG CHI
    Electromagnetic field theory
    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field

    CONTENT
    1. DEFINITION OF MAGNETOSTATIC
    2. DEFINITION OF CONDUCTIVE CURRENT
    3. LAWS OF CURRENT
    4. BASIC QUANTITIES
    5. BASIC PROPERTIES
    6. SUMMARY

    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field


    1
    Electromagnetic field theory
    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field

    1. DEFINITION
    • Current: directional movement of charges
    • Given: line with direct current. Around the line has a static magnetic
    field with magnetic field line is a close curve around the line.
    • Basic quantities of static magnetic field are 𝐵 and 𝐻: not time variale

    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field


    2
    Electromagnetic field theory
    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field

    2. DEFINITION OF CONDUCTIVE CURRENT


    • Directional movement of charges
    • Given a volume V covered by a surface A, In volume V contains
    • charge Q with charge density 𝜌
    • If Q in V decreases then according to the law of conservation
    of charge, some charges flow out of the volume V
    • If Q in V increases then according to the law of conservation
    of charge, some charges flow in to the volume V
    𝑑𝑄
    • Conductive current (flow out of V) = 𝐼 = − hay 𝐼 = ‫𝐽 𝐴ׯ‬Ԧ 𝑑𝐴
    𝑑𝑡

    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field


    3
    Electromagnetic field theory
    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field

    3. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF CHARGE


    • Faraday found out in practice
    • The total charge in an electrically isolated system does not change
    • Equation of charge conservation
    𝑑𝜌 𝑑𝜌
    ‫𝐽 𝑣𝑖𝑑 𝑉׬‬Ԧ 𝑑𝑉 = − ‫𝑉׬‬ 𝑑𝑡
    𝑑𝑉 hay 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐽Ԧ = −
    𝑑𝑡

    • For direct current:


    Ԧ
    𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐽=0

    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field


    4
    Electromagnetic field theory
    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field

    3. OHM LAW
    • Relationship between the current density vector and the
    electrical field vector in a semiconductor or conductive
    environment
    Ԧ
    𝐽=𝜎𝐸
    • 𝜎: 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 (si/m)
    • 𝜎 → ∞: 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
    • 𝜎 → 0: 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐

    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field


    5
    Electromagnetic field theory
    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field

    3. KIRCHHOFF LAW
    • Kirchhoff 1: Sum of all currents in one circuit node is equal to zero
    σ𝑁
    𝑛=1 𝐼𝑛 = 0

    • Kirchhoff 2: Sum of all voltages are equal to sum of all electromotive


    forces
    σ𝑁 𝑀
    𝑛=1 𝑈𝑛 = σ𝑚=1 𝑒𝑚

    Where: 𝑒 = ‫𝑠𝑑 𝐸 𝑆ׯ‬

    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field


    6
    Electromagnetic field theory
    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field

    4. INDUCTIVE FLUX VECTOR. BIO-SAVART LAW


    • Magnetic field of a current line dl with current I

    𝜇 Ԧ 0
    𝐽𝑥𝑟
    𝐵= ‫׬‬ dV
    4𝜋 𝑉 𝑟 2

    • 𝐵: Induction vector (T)


    • 𝑟0 : unit place vector
    𝐻
    • 𝜇: 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦
    𝑚

    • Ԧ Current density vector(A/m)


    𝐽:
    • 𝑟:
    Ԧ vector directs from current source to place we want to calculate
    the field
    • V: Volume contain the current

    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field


    7
    Electromagnetic field theory
    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field

    4. MAGNETIC FIELD VECTOR

    • Magnetic field vector 𝐻 (A/m)

    𝐵
    𝐻= (A/m)
    𝜇

    • H does not depend on environment

    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field


    8
    Electromagnetic field theory
    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field

    5. LAW AND PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC FIELD


    • Ampres law:

    ‫ = 𝑠𝑑 𝐻 𝑆ׯ‬σ 𝐼
    • Rotation eqation:
    𝑟𝑜𝑡𝐻 = 𝐽Ԧ
    -> Magnetic field here is a swirl field, magnetic line is a close curve

    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field


    9
    Electromagnetic field theory
    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field

    5. GAUSS LAW – DIVERGENCE EQUATION


    • Flux of induction vector over close surface A:

    Φ = ‫ = 𝐴𝑑 𝐵 𝐴ׯ‬0

    • Static magnetic field has a close magnetic curve


    -> Divergence rotation 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝐵 = 0
    -> Magnetic field has no source

    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field


    10
    Electromagnetic field theory
    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field

    5. BASIC PROPERTIES
    • Boundary conditions:
    𝐻𝑡1 − 𝐻𝑡2 = 𝐽
    𝐵𝑛1 = 𝐵𝑛2
    • Energy of magnetic field:
    1
    • 𝑊 = ‫𝐻 𝐵 𝑉׬‬dV
    2

    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field


    11
    Electromagnetic field theory
    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field

    6. SUMMARY
    • Cause by direct current
    • 𝐵 and 𝐻 do not change in time (not time variable)
    • Magnetic field has no source
    • Magnetic field here is swirl field
    • Magnetic field has energy
    • Basic law:
    • Conservation of charge
    • Ampres law
    • Ohm law
    • Kirchhoff law

    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field


    12
    Electromagnetic field theory
    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field

    We have just learnt “Magnetic field due to


    direct current”
    Next lesson:
    Time variable electromagnetic field

    Lesson 3: Magnetostatic field


    13

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