I
LET’S NITIATE!
Activity 1. Answer the following questions.
1.) Differentiate Id, Ego and Superego
the id is the impulsive part of your personality that is driven by pleasure and repulsed by pain, the superego is
the judgmental and morally correct part of your personality, and the ego is the conscious part of your
personality that mediates between the id and the superego and makes decisions.
2.) In the simplest terms possible, what is bodily continuity?
that bodily continuity is a necessary condition for personal identity. Only the relation of being bodily continuous
with gives us the required logical one-one relation for personal identity: relations such as having the same
ostensible memories (personality, abilities, skills, etc.)
3.) Explain what the “University Problem” is and how it relates to the of
self.
James (1890) distinguished two understandings of the self, the self as “Me” and the self as “I”. This distinction
has recently regained popularity in cognitive science, especially in the context of experimental studies on the
underpinnings of the phenomenal self. The goal of this paper is to take a step back from cognitive science and
attempt to precisely distinguish between “Me” and “I” in the context of consciousness. This distinction was
originally based on the idea that the former (“Me”) corresponds to the self as an object of experience (self as
object), while the latter (“I”) reflects the self as a subject of experience (self as subject). I will argue that in most
of the cases (arguably all) this distinction maps onto the distinction between the phenomenal self (reflecting
self-related content of consciousness) and the metaphysical self (representing the problem of subjectivity of all
conscious experience), and as such these two issues should be investigated separately using fundamentally
different methodologies. Moreover, by referring to Metzinger’s (2018) theory of phenomenal self-models, I will
argue that what is usually investigated as the phenomenal-“I” [following understanding of self-as-subject
introduced by Wittgenstein (1958)] can be interpreted as object, rather than subject of experience, and as such
can be understood as an element of the hierarchical structure of the phenomenal self-model. This
understanding relates to recent predictive coding and free energy theories of the self and bodily self discussed
in cognitive neuroscience and philosophy.
4.)According to John Locke, someone who has stood in front of you
for hours but does not remember doing so, is the same man, but
not the same person. Do you agree?
Yes, becase a person for Lockes is thus the kind of entity that can think self reflectively and think of itself
as persistig overtime.
I
LET’S NQUIRE!
Activity 1.
Study the philosophies of the following philosophers again.
Comprehend and contrast their ideologies with each other.
1.)Socrates and Aquinas
St. Thomas Aquinas and Socrates are both credited as some of the greatest philosophical minds of human history.
Socrates was the pioneer of philosophy, often credited as the “father of philosophy”, he spearheaded the new field
into the front mind of political figures of the time. Most of his musings had to do with what is the best life a person
can lead, how one can lead that life, and why we lead the life’s we do instead. He famously created the Socrates
method for philosophy in which he simply asked a series of questions in an attempt to reach the core of a certain
issue or principle. He also left behind a few notable protégées who continued his work after his death, these
included Plato and Aristotle. Aristotle, although distinct from Socrates, is often credited as having a direct influence
on St. Thomas’s work. So, there is a direct line of connection between Socrates to St. Thomas Aquinas. St. Thomas is
a saint of the Christian faith. He was raised amongst Benedictine monks so as one might expect he was a devout
Christian and many of his philosophical musings have to do with humanity’s relationship with God.
2.)Immanuel Kant and David Hume
The most important contrast in the epistemological claims of Hume and Kant is that Hume believes that
synthetic a priori propositions express nonsense (sophistry and illusion) while Kant believes that they can
express truths.
I suppose it’s somewhat worse than that. Hume and Kant don’t even agree on which propositions are synthetic,
and which ones are analytic. Kant argues that a proposition such as “7 +3 = 10” is synthetic in that there is no
“10” on the left of the equal sign; the “10” is novel: ampliative.
Hume argues that there is no novel idea on the right of the equal sign: there is nothing to understand on the
right that cannot be understood by what is on the left. Therefore, the proposition is analytical.
The two might be seen to agree that the cause-and-effect relation is supplied by the subject. Hume would claim
that it is a misnomer for the psychological entity known as habit or custom while Kant would claim that it is a
presupposition of experience that is a consequence of human perception and cognition.
3.) Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Gilbert Ryle
The mechanistic concept of the body, as inherited from René Descartes, has generated considerable trouble in
philosophy—including, at least in part, the mind-body problem itself. Still, the corps mécanique remains
perhaps the most prevalent though least examined assumption in recent philosophy of mind. I discuss two
notable exceptions. Gilbert Ryle and Maurice Merleau-Ponty rejected this assumption for surprisingly similar
reasons. Writing at about the same time, though in different languages and in very different circles, they each
attempted to articulate a non-mechanistic concept of the body by stressing the importance of skill: skillful
behavior constituting cognition in Ryle’s case, and the skill body constituting perception in Merleau-Ponty’s
case.
ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached
LET’S NFER! I
Activity 1.
Find a friend or a family member and talk to them
about what they think of the idea of “the self”. Ask
them questions about how they define self and what
they believe happens after they die and other such
questions. Do not limit yourselves to the questions
provided in this activity. After your interview, answer
the question below.
1.)Whose philosophy are they closest to and why do
you think so?
Socrates because according to socrates we should care our soul we should discover our
life's Purpose. Strive to discover who you are, what is your life mission, and
what you are trying to become and Be a good person and you will not be
harmed by outside .
SCP-GECC101 | 5
