INDEX

♦Project Title
♦Introduction of Project
♦Proposed database
♦Data Flow Diagram
♦ER-Diagram
♦Hardware Requirements
♦Software Requirements
♦Futuristic Scope / Maintenance
AIRLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT
An Airline Reservation System is part of the so-called Passenger
Service Systems (PSS), which are applications supporting the
direct contact with the passenger.

The Airline Reservations System (ARS) was one of the earliest

changes to improve efficiency. ARS eventually evolved into the
Computer Reservations System (CRS). A Computer Reservation
System is used for the reservations of a particular airline and
interfaces with a Global Distribution System (GDS) which
supports travel agencies and other distribution channels in making
reservations for most major airlines in a single system.

Contents

• Overview
• Inventory Management
• Availability Display and Reservation (PNR)
• Fare Quote and Ticketing
• Major Systems

• History

Overview

Airline Reservations Systems contain airline schedules, fare tariffs,

passenger reservations and ticket records. An airline's direct
distribution works within their own reservation system, as well as
pushing out information to the GDS. A second type of direct
distribution channel are consumers who use the internet or mobile
applications to make their own reservations. Since airline
reservation systems are business critical applications, and their
functionally quite complex, the operation of an in-house airline
reservation system is relatively expensive.
Reservations remains the largest neutral multi-host airline
reservations system, with over 100 airlines currently managing
inventory.

Inventory Management

An airline’s inventory contains all flights with their available seats.

The inventory of an airline is generally divided into service classes
(e.g. First, Business or Economy class) and up to 26 booking
classes, for which different prices and booking conditions apply. .
One of the core functions of the inventory management is the
inventory control. Inventory control steers how many seats are
available in the different booking classes, by opening and closing
individual booking classes for sale. In combination with the fares
and booking conditions stored in the Fare Quote System the price
for each sold seat is determined.

Availability Display and Reservation (PNR)

Users access an airline’s inventory through an availability display.

It contains all offered flights for a particular city-pair with their
available seats in the different booking classes. This display
contains flights which are operated by the airline itself as well as
code share flights which are operated in co-operation with another
airline.

Reservations for individual passengers or groups are stored in a

so-called Passenger Name Record (PNR). PNR contains personal
information such as name, contact information or special services
requests. Before a flight departs the so-called Passenger Name List
(PNL) is handed over to the Departure Control System that is used
to check-in passengers and baggage. Reservation data such as the
number of booked passengers and special service requests is also
transferred to Flight Operations Systems. Once a flight has
departed the reservation system is updated with a list of the
checked-in passengers . Finally data needed for revenue
accounting and reporting is handed over to the administrative
systems.

Fare Quote and Ticketing

The Fares data store contains fare tariffs, rule sets, routing maps,
class of service tables, and some tax information that construct the
price - "the fare". Rules like booking conditions (e.g. minimum
stay, advance purchase, etc.) are tailored differently between
different city pairs or zones, and assigned a class of service
corresponding to its appropriate inventory bucket. Inventory
control can also be manipulated manually through the availability
feeds, dynamically controlling how many seats are offered for a
particular price by opening and closing particular classes.

The role of the Ticketing complex is to issue and store electronic

ticket records and the very small number of paper tickets that are
still issued. The electronic ticket information is stored in a
database containing the data that historically was printed on a
paper ticket including items such as the ticket number, the fare and
tax components of the ticket price or exchange rate information..

History

The history of airline reservations systems began in the late 1950s

when American Airlines required a system that would allow real-
time access to flight details in all of its offices, and the integration
and automation of its booking and ticketing processes. As a result,
Sabre (Semi-Automated Business Research Environment) was
developed and launched in 1964. Sabre's breakthrough was its
ability to keep inventory correct in real time, accessible to agents
around the world. Prior to this, manual systems required
centralized reservation centers, groups of people in a room with the
physical cards that represented inventory, in this case, seats on
airplanes.
 E COMMERCIAL AIR TRAVEL

Airline codes · Airline holding companies · Charter

Airlines airlines · Low-cost airlines · Passenger airlines ·
Regional airlines

Alliances Oneworld · SkyTeam · Star Alliance

Industry
AACO · AAPA · AEA · AFRAA · ATA · ELFAA ·
trade
ERA · IATA · ICAO · ISTAT · RAAA
groups

Travel class (First class · Business class · Premium

Economy class · Economy class) · Aircraft lavatory ·
Airliner Aircraft seat map · Airline meal · Airline seat ·
Airsickness bag · Buy on board · In-flight
entertainment · Inflight smoking

Airline hub · Airport check-in · Airport lounge ·

Airport security · Airport terminal · Airstair ·
Airport
Boarding · Gate · Domestic airport · International
airport · Regional airport · Runway

Captain · First Officer · Flight attendant · Flight

Crew engineer · Pilot · Purser · Second Officer · Third
Officer · Deadheading

Customs / Arrival card · Border control · Departure card ·

immigration Passport · Travel document

Luggage Bag tag · Baggage allowance · Baggage carousel ·

Baggage cart · Baggage claim · Baggage handler ·
Checked baggage · Hand luggage · Lost luggage ·
 Luggage lock

Air traffic control · Aircraft safety card · Airline

security · Airport authority · Airport police · Flight
Safety
data recorder · National aviation authority · Overwing
exits · Pre-flight safety demonstration

Airline Reservations System · Airline ticket · Airline

timetable · Bereavement flight · Boarding pass ·
Codeshare agreement · Continent pass · Electronic
Ticketing ticket · Flight cancellation · Frequent-flyer program ·
Government contract flight · Open-jaw ticket · Red-
eye flight · Round-the-world ticket · Standby · Travel
agency · Travel website · Warsaw Convention
PROPOSED DATABASE
Microsoft Access is a computer application used to create and
manage computer-based databases on desktop computers and /or
on connected computers (a network). Microsoft Access can be
used for personal information management (PIM), in a small
business to organize and manage data, or in an enterprise to
communicate with servers.

If you have a Microsoft Access database such as an E-Mail

attachment, a file on a floppy disk, on the network, or in any other
means, once you see its icon, you can double-click it. Not only will
this action launch Microsoft Access, but also it will open the file.

If you are working on a network of related computers, your

database may be located in another computer. In this case the
network or database administrator would create a link or shortcut
to the drive that is hosting the database. You can then click or
double-click this link or shortcut to open the database and, as a
result, launch Microsoft Access.

The Database as a File

Microsoft Access database is primarily a Windows file. It must

have a location, also called a path, which indicates how the file can
be retrieved and made available. Although you can create a
database on the root directory such as the C: drive, it is usually a
good idea to create your files, including your databases, in an
easily recognizable folder.

As a normal computer file, a Microsoft Access database has a file

extension. If you are creating a database that follows Microsoft
Access 2007 and 2010, the database must have the extension
.accdb. When you create a database, if you specify only a name
(and path), Microsoft Access would automatically add the .accdb
extension. If you want to create a database that is compatible with
previous versions, use the extension .mdb but you must explicitly
add that extension. An example of a database name would be
Exercise.mdb.

Designing and Creating a Microsoft Access Database

Introduction

Microsoft Access is an application used to create computer

databases. It is equipped with all the tools you will need to start a
project, to end it, and to distribute it. That's the interface side. The
creativity side will come from you. That is, you must define what
type of product you want to create, how it will be used, who (what
type of user) will use it, and where it will be used.

Designing a Database.

Before creating a database, you should plan and design it. For
example, you should define the type of database you want to
create. You should create, in writing, a list of the objects it will
contain: employees, customers, products, transactions, etc. For
each object, you should create a list of the pieces of information
the object will need for its functionality: name(s), contact
information, profession, etc. You should also justify why the object
needs that piece of information. You should also define how the
value of that piece of information will be given to the object.

Creating a Database

Database is first of all a Windows file. It is mainly created from

Microsoft Access. If you have just started Microsoft Access, to
create a database, under File, click New. You can then use one of
the links in the main (middle) section of the interface:

• To create a blank database, in the middle section, under

Available Templates, click Blank Database
DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
 Passenger
Managemaent
Info.
Info.
AIRLINE
PASSENGER RESERVATION STAFF
MANAGEMENT

Ticket Daily
Info. Processes
ER-DIAGRAM
 Surname

Email
Given
Model Addres
Name
Number s

Registratio
n
Number AIRPLANE PASSENGER

Capacity
1 1

Flight Flie Boo

s ks
Number

From N N

To
FLIGHT BOOKING

Departure
Date

Departure 1 N
Time HAS BOOKING

Arrival
Date

Arrival
Time
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
In this age of ever advancing and improving technology it is
essential to stay on top of the changes that are constantly
occurring everyday. You can have the top of the line
computer one day, and a junker the next! In order for you to
run the latest software and programs required for your online
classes, you need to make sure that your hardware is up to
date. So, what can you do to stay ahead of the hordes of
upgrades and changes? Conveniently located below is a
guide that will assist you in staying ahead and in buying a
new computer to bring you up to date in the technological
world.

HARDWARE MINIMUM MAXIMUM

RAM 128MB 512MB
Hard drive 40GB 80GB
Processor 1GHz 24GHz
Pentinum four
Video cards 32bits 64bits
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
Microsoft Visual Basic is a development environment used to
create programs or applications for the Microsoft Windows
family of operating systems. To do this, it uses a computer
language that was originally called Basic but has been
transformed in an advanced language also called Visual
Basic. This language makes it particularly easy to create
effective applications because it offers a working tool as a
studio equipped with necessary materials to keep you
moving.

Microsoft Visual Basic ships in three packages and

sometimes various formats. The way you launch it depends
on how it was installed. We will first analyze the studio and
review some of its equipments, and then we will start
creating small applications.

Starting Microsoft Visual Basic depends on how it was set up

on your machine. If it were installed as a stand alone
product, it would be available under the Programs menu;
otherwise, it might be under the Microsoft Visual Studio
group of applications. However it was installed, now is the
time to launch it.

FRONT-END – VISUAL BASIC 6.0

BACK-END – MS ACCESS
ENVIRONMENT – WINDOWS-XP
FUTURISTIC SCOPE
The development and maintenance is a staged roll out of the
new application, this involves installation and initial training
and may involve hardware and network upgrades. Software
will definitely undergo change once it is delivered to the
customer. There are many reasons for the change. Change
could be happen because of some unexpected input values
into the system. In addition, the changes in the system could
be directly affecting the software operations. The software
should be developed to accommodate changes that could
happen during the post implementation period.
The customer's safety is of utmost importance and hence it
is vital for a comprehensive aircraft maintenance
management to be effectual. A dedicated maintenance team
must ensure the maintenance of thousands of critical
components on the aircraft.

There are various software packages that have been

developed to ensure that there is no technical snag, before
the aircraft is ready for take-off. The sophisticated computer
tracking system records and logs all maintenance records of
the aircraft. This maintains a record about when the
maintenance of a system component is due or when the
system itself requires replacement. The companies
manufacturing this software also send a factory-trained
team. They handle all maintenance requirements of the
aircraft.

System aircraft management is a software package that is

user friendly and used extensively. This software makes
aircraft maintenance cost effective and time saving. The
software effectively manages the aircraft and its various
components. It also manages work orders, inventory,
purchase and reliability reporting. This software can be
installed on the computer or can also be used as a web
based solution. It is configured, keeping in mind the rules of
the aviation authorities.

The software is updated from time to time and the new

releases are sent to the customers for installation on their
hardware. Most of the software is promoted in modules that
allow the customers to purchase only the modules that are
required by them.

These maintenance systems are also available in the form of

solutions. The customer can access the system through the
Internet, from anywhere in the world, without bothering about
any hardware or software. They can also rent the system
and hence do not have to be concerned about the security
and other back-up issues. The maintenance solutions
offered in this manner are more cost effective than the
software systems.

Maintenance Management provides detailed information on

Maintenance Management, Maintenance Management
Software, Computerized Maintenance Management,
Maintenance Management System and more. Maintenance
Management is affiliated with Car Maintenance.