4 CONTEXT OF ORGANIZATION 1

4 Context of Organization
4.1 Understanding the or-
ganization and its con-
text
The organization shall determine
external and internal issues that Organisasi harus menentukan
are relevant to its purpose and that isu eksternal dan internal yang rel-
affect its ability to achieve the in- evan dengan tujuannya dan yang
tended outcomes of its environ- mempengaruhi kemampuannya un-
mental management system. tuk mencapai hasil yang diharap-
Such issues shall include en- kan dari sistem pengelolaan lingkun-
vironmental conditions being af- gannya.
fected by or capable of affecting the Isu-isu tersebut harus mencakup
organization. kondisi lingkungan yang dipengaruhi-
oleh atau yang dapat mempen-
garuhi organisasi

4.2 Understanding the needs and expectations of interested

parties
The organization shall determine:
a. the interested parties that are relevant to the environmental management
system;
b. the relevant needs and expectations (i.e. requirements) of these interested
parties;
c. which of these needs and expectations become its compliance obliga-
tions.

4.3 Memahami kebutuhan dan harapan pihak-pihak terkait

Organisasi harus menentukan:
a. pihak-pihak berkepentingan yang relevan dengan sistem pengelolaan
lingkungan hidup;
b. kebutuhan dan harapan yang relevan(misalnya: persyaratan) dari pihak-
pihak berkepentingan;
c. kebutuhan dan harapan mana saja yang merupakan kewajiban-kepatuhan.

4.4 Determining the scope of the environmental management

system
]
The organization shall determine the boundaries and applicability of the
environmental management system to establish its scope.
When determining this scope, the organization shall consider:
a. the external and internal issues referred to in 4.1;
b. the compliance obligations referred to in 4.2
c. its organizational unit(s), function(s), and physical boundaries;
4 CONTEXT OF ORGANIZATION 2

d. its activities, products and services;

e. its authority and ability to exercise control and influence.
Once the scope is defined, all activities, products and services of the organi-
zation within that scope need to be included in the environmental management
system.
The scope shall be maintained as documented information and be available
to interested parties.
Organisasi harus menentukan batas-batas dan kesesuaian penerapan dari
sistem pengelolaan lingkungan untuk meletakkan dasar ruang lingkupnya.
Saat menentukan ruang lingkup ini, organisasi harus mempertimbangkan:
a. isu eksternal dan internal yang dimaksud dalam 4.1;
b. kewajiban kepatuhan yang disebutkan dalam 4.2
c. unit organisasi, fungsi, dan batasan fisiknya;
d. aktivitas, produk dan layanannya;
e. wewenang dan kemampuannya untuk mengendalikan dan mempengaruhi.
Setelah ruang-lingkup ditetapkan,maka semua aktivitas, produk dan layanan
organisasi yang termasuk ruang lingkup tersebut perlu disertakan dalam sis-
tem manajemen lingkungan.
Ruang lingkup harus dipelihara sebagai informasi terdokumentasi dan terse-
dia bagi pihak yang berkepentingan.

4.5 Environmental management system

To achieve the intended outcomes, including enhancing its environmental per-
formance, the organization shall establish, implement, maintain and continu-
ally improve an environmental management system, including the processes
needed and their interactions, in accordance with the requirements of this In-
ternational Standard.
The organization shall consider the knowledge gained in 4.1 and 4.2 when
establishing and maintaining the environmental management system.
Untuk mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan, termasuk peningkatan kinerja
lingkungan, organisasi harus menetapkan, menerapkan, memelihara dan terus-
menerus memperbaiki sistem manajemen lingkungan, meliputi proses-proses
yang diperlukan dan interaksinya, sesuai dengan persyaratan Standar Interna-
sional ini.
Organisasi harus mempertimbangkan pengetahuan yang diperoleh dari 4.1
dan 4.2 saat membangun dan memelihara sistem manajemen lingkungan.
4 CONTEXT OF ORGANIZATION 3

4.6 Leadership and commitment

Top management shall demonstrate leadership and commitment with respect
to the environmental management system by:
a. taking accountability for the effectiveness of the environmental manage-
ment system;
b. ensuring that the environmental policy and environmental objectives are
established and are compatible with the strategic direction and the con-
text of the organization;
c. ensuring the integration of the environmental management system re-
quirements into the organization’s business 1 processes;
d. ensuring that the resources needed for the environmental management
system are available;
e. communicating the importance of effective environmental management
and of conforming to the environmental management system require-
ments;
f. ensuring that the environmental management system achieves its intended
outcomes;
g. directing and supporting persons to contribute to the effectiveness of the
environmental management system;
h. promoting continual improvement;
i. supporting other relevant management roles to demonstrate their lead-
ership as it applies to their areas of responsibility.

1 NOTE Reference to ”business” in this International Standard can be interpreted broadly to

mean those activities that are core to the purposes of the organizations existence.
4 CONTEXT OF ORGANIZATION 4

4.7 Environmental Policy

Top management shall establish, implement and maintain an environmental
policy that, within the defined scope of its environmental management system:
a. is appropriate to the purpose and context of the organization, including
the nature, scale and environmental impacts of its activities, products and
services;
b. provides a framework for setting environmental objectives;
c. includes a commitment to the protection of the environment, including
prevention of pollution and other specific commitment(s)2 relevant to the
context of the organization;
d. includes a commitment to fulfil its compliance obligations;
e. includes a commitment to continual improvement of the environmental
management system to enhance environmental performance.
The environmental policy shall:
• be maintained as documented information;
• be communicated within the organization;
• be available to interested parties.

2 NOTE Other specific commitment(s) to protect the environment can include sustainable re-
source use, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and protection of biodiversity and ecosys-
tems.
4 CONTEXT OF ORGANIZATION 5

4.8 Organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities

Top management shall ensure that the responsibilities and authorities for rele-
vant roles are assigned and communicated within the organization.
Top management shall assign the responsibility and authority for:
a. ensuring that the environmental management system conforms to the re-
quirements of this International Standard;
b. reporting on the performance of the environmental management system,
including environmental performance, to top management.
5 PLANNING 6

5 Planning
5.1 Actions to address risks and opportunities
5.1.1 General
The organization shall establish, implement and maintain the processes needed
to meet the requirements in 6.1.1 to 6.1.4
When planning for the environmental management system, the organiza-
tion shall consider:
• the issues referred to in 4.1;
• the requirements referred to in 4.2;
• the scope of its environmental management system;
and determine the risks and opportunities, related to its:
• environmental aspects (see 6.1.2);
• compliance obligations (see 6.1.3);
• other issues and requirements, identified in 4.1 and 4.2;
that need to be addressed to:
• give assurance that the environmental management system can achieve
its intended outcomes;
• prevent, or reduce, undesired effects, including the potential for external
environmental conditions to affect the organization;
• achieve continual improvement.
Within the scope of the environmental management system, the organiza-
tion shall determine potential emergency situations, including those that can
have an environmental impact.
The organization shall maintain documented information of its:
• risks and opportunities that need to be addressed;
• processes needed in 6.1.1 to 6.1.4, to the extent necessary to have confi-
dence they are carried out as planned.
5 PLANNING 7

5.1.2 Environmental aspects

Within the defined scope of the environmental management system, the orga-
nization shall determine the environmental aspects of its activities, products
and services that it can control and those that it can influence, and their associ-
ated environmental impacts, considering a life cycle perspective.
When determining environmental aspects, the organization shall take into
account:
a. change, including planned or new developments, and new or modified
activities, products and services;
b. abnormal conditions and reasonably foreseeable emergency situations.
The organization shall determine those aspects that have or can have a sig-
nificant environmental impact, i.e. significant environmental aspects, by using
established criteria.
The organization shall communicate its significant environmental aspects
among the various levels and functions of the organization, as appropriate.
The organization shall maintain documented information of its:
• environmental aspects and associated environmental impacts;
• criteria used to determine its significant environmental aspects;
• significant environmental aspects 3 .

3 NOTE Significant environmental aspects can result in risks and opportunities associated with
either adverse environmental impacts (threats) or beneficial environmental impacts (opportuni-
ties).
5 PLANNING 8

5.1.3 Compliance obligations

The organization shall:
a. determine and have access to the compliance obligations related to its
environmental aspects;
b. determine how these compliance obligations apply to the organization;
c. take these compliance obligations into account when establishing, im-
plementing, maintaining and continually improving its environmental
management system.
The organization shall maintain documented information of its compliance
obligations 4 .

5.1.4 Planning action

The organization shall plan:
a. to take actions to address its:
• significant environmental aspects;
• compliance obligations;
• risks and opportunities identified in 6.1.1;
b. how to:
• integrate and implement the actions into its environmental manage-
ment system processes (see 6.2, Clause 7, Clause 8 and 9.1), or other
business processes;
• evaluate the effectiveness of these actions (see 9.1).
When planning these actions, the organization shall consider its techno-
logical options and its financial, operational and business requirements.

4 NOTE Compliance obligations can result in risks and opportunities to the organization.
5 PLANNING 9

5.2 Environmental objectives and planning to achieve them

5.2.1 Environmental objectives
The organization shall establish environmental objectives at relevant functions
and levels, taking into account the organization’s significant environmental as-
pects and associated compliance obligations, and considering its risks and op-
portunities.
The environmental objectives shall be:
a. consistent with the environmental policy;
b. measurable (if practicable);
c. monitored;
d. communicated;
e. updated as appropriate.
The organization shall maintain documented information on the environ-
mental objectives.

5.2.2 Planning actions to achieve environmental objectives

When planning how to achieve its environmental objectives, the organization
shall determine:
a. what will be done;
b. what resources will be required;
c. who will be responsible;
d. when it will be completed;
e. how the results will be evaluated, including indicators for monitoring
progress toward achievement of its measurable environmental objectives
(see 9.1.1)
The organization shall consider how actions to achieve its environmental ob-
jectives can be integrated into the organizations business processes.
6 SUPPORT 10

6 Support
6.1 Resources
The organization shall determine and provide the resources needed for the
establishment, implementation, maintenance and continual improvement of
the environmental management system.

6.2 Competence
The organization shall:
a. determine the necessary competence of person(s) doing work under its
control that affects its environmental performance and its ability to fulfil
its compliance obligations;
b. ensure thatthese persons are competent on the basis of appropriate edu-
cation, training or experience;
c. determine training needs associated with its environmental aspects and
its environmental management system;
d. where applicable, take actions to acquire the necessary competence, and
evaluate the effectiveness of the actions taken 5 .
The organization shall retain appropriate documented information as evi-
dence of competence.

5NOTE Applicable actions can include, for example, the provision of training to, the mentoring
of, or the re-assignment of currently employed persons; or the hiring or contracting of competent
persons.
6 SUPPORT 11

6.3 Awareness
The organization shall ensure that persons doing work under the organiza-
tion’s control are aware of:
a. the environmental policy;
b. the significant environmental aspects and related actual or potential en-
vironmental impacts associated with their work;
c. their contribution to the effectiveness of the environmental management
system, including the benefits of enhanced environmental performance;
d. the implications of not conforming with the environmental management
system requirements, including not fulfilling the organizations compli-
ance obligations.

6.4 Communication
6.4.1 General
The organization shall establish, implement and maintain the processes needed
for internal and external communications relevant to the environmental man-
agement system, including:
a. on what it will communicate;
b. when to communicate;
c. with whom to communicate;
d. how to communicate.
When establishing its communication process(es), the organization shall:
• take into account its compliance obligations;
• ensure that environmental information communicated is consistent with
information generated within the environmental management system,
and is reliable.
The organization shall respond to relevant communications on its environ-
mental management system.
The organization shall retain documented information as evidence of its
communications, as appropriate.
6 SUPPORT 12

6.4.2 Internal communication

The organization shall:
a. internally communicate information relevant to the environmental man-
agement system among the various levels and functions of the organi-
zation, including changes to the environmental management system, as
appropriate;
b. ensure its communication process(es) enable(s) persons doingwork un-
der the organizations control to contribute to continual improvement.

6.4.3 External communication

The organization shall externally communicate information relevant to the en-
vironmental management system, as established by the organization’s commu-
nication process(es) and as required by its compliance obligations.

6.5 Documented information

6.5.1 General
The organization’s environmental management system shall include:
a. documented information required by this International Standard;
b. documented information determined by the organization as being neces-
sary for the effectiveness of the environmental management system 6

6 NOTE The extent of documented information for an environmental management system can

differ from one organization to another due to:

• the size of organization and its type of activities, processes, products and services;
• the need to demonstrate fulfilment of its compliance obligations;
• the complexity of processes and their interactions;
• the competence of persons doing work under the organizations control.
6 SUPPORT 13

6.6 Creating and updating

When creating and updating documented information, the organization shall
ensure appropriate:
a. identification and description (e.g. a title, date, author, or reference num-
ber);
b. format (e.g. language, software version, graphics) and media (e.g. paper,
electronic);
c. review and approval for suitability and adequacy.

6.7 Control of documented information

Documented information required by the environmental management system
and by this International Standard shall be controlled to ensure:
a. it is available and suitable for use, where and when it is needed;
b. it is adequately protected (e.g. from loss of confidentiality, improper use,
or loss of integrity).
For the control of documented information, the organization shall address
the following activities as applicable:
• distribution, access 7 , retrieval and use;
• storage and preservation, including preservation of legibility;
• control of changes (e.g. version control);
• retention and disposition.
Documented information of external origin determined by the organization to
be necessary for the planning and operation of the environmental management
system shall be identified, as appropriate, and controlled.

7 NOTE Access can imply a decision regarding the permission to view the documented infor-

mation only, or the permission and authority to view and change the documented information.
7 OPERATION 14

7 Operation
7.1 Operational Planning and Control
The organization shall establish, implement, control and maintain the pro-
cesses needed to meet environmental management system requirements, and
to implement the actions identified in 6.1 and 6.2, by:
• establishing operating criteria for the process(es);
• implementing control8 of the process(es), in accordance with the operat-
ing criteria.
The organization shall control planned changes and review the consequences
of unintended changes, taking action to mitigate any adverse effects, as neces-
sary.
The organization shall ensure that (an) outsourced process(es) is (are) con-
trolled or influenced. The type and extent of control or influence to be applied
to the process(es) shall be defined within the environmental management sys-
tem.
Consistent with a life cycle perspective, the organization shall:
a. establish controls, as appropriate, to ensure that its environmental re-
quirement(s) is (are) addressed in the design and development process
for the product or service, considering each stage of its life cycle;
b. determine its environmental requirement(s) for the procurement of prod-
ucts and services, as appropriate;
c. communicate its relevant environmental requirement(s) to external providers,
including contractors;
d. consider the need to provide information about potential significant en-
vironmental impacts associated with the transportation or delivery, use,
end—of—life treatment and final disposal of its products and services.
The organization shall maintain documented information to the extent nec-
essary to have confidence that the proces(es) has (have) been carried out as
planned.

8 NOTE Controls can include engineering controls and procedures. Controls can be imple-
mented following a hierarchy (e.g. elimination, substitution, administrative) and can be used
individually or in combination.
7 OPERATION 15

7.2 Emergency preparedness and response

The organization shall establish, implement and maintain the processes needed
to prepare for and respond to potential emergency situations identified in 6.1.1.
The organization shall:
a. prepare to respond by planning actions to prevent or mitigate adverse
environmental impacts from emergency situations;
b. respond to actual emergency situations;
c. take action to prevent or mitigate the consequences of emergency situa-
tions, appropriate to the magnitude of the emergency and the potential
environmental impact;
d. periodically test the planned response actions, where practicable;
e. periodically review and revise the process(es) and planned response ac-
tions, in particular after the occurrence of emergency situations or tests;
f. provide relevant information and training related to emergency prepared-
ness and response, as appropriate, to relevant interested parties, includ-
ing persons working under its control.
The organization shall maintain documented information to the extent nec-
essary to have confidence that the process(es) is (are) carried out as planned.
8 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 16

8 Performance evaluation
8.1 Monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation
8.1.1 General
The organization shall monitor, measure, analyse and evaluate its environmen-
tal performance. The organization shall determine:
a. what needs to be monitored and measured;
b. the methods for monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation, as
applicable, to ensure valid results;
c. the criteria against which the organization will evaluate its environmen-
tal performance, and appropriate indicators;
d. when the monitoring and measuring shall be performed;
e. when the results from monitoring and measurement shall be analysed
and evaluated.
The organization shall ensure that calibrated or verified monitoring and
measurement equipment is used and maintained, as appropriate.
The organization shall evaluate its environmental performance and the ef-
fectiveness of the environmental management system.
The organization shall communicate relevant environmental performance
information both internally and externally, as identified in its communication
process(es) and as required by its compliance obligations.
The organization shall retain appropriate documented information as evi-
dence of the monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation results.

8.1.2 Evaluation of compliance

The organization shall establish, implement and maintain the processes needed
to evaluate fulfilment of its compliance obligations.
The organization shall:
a. determine the frequency that compliance will be evaluated;
b. evaluate compliance and take action if needed;
c. maintain knowledge and understanding of its compliance status.
The organization shall retain documented information as evidence of the com-
pliance evaluation result(s).
8 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 17

8.2 Internal audit

8.2.1 General
The organization shall conduct internal audits at planned intervals to provide
information on whether the environmental management system:
a. conforms to:
• the organization’s own requirements for its environmental manage-
ment system;
• the requirements of this International Standard;
b. is effectively implemented and maintained.

8.2.2 Internal audit programme

The organization shall establish, implement and maintain an internal audit
programme(s), including the frequency, methods, responsibilities, planning re-
quirements and reporting of its internal audits.
When establishing the internal audit programme, the organization shall
take into consideration the environmental importance of the processes con-
cerned, changes affecting the organization and the results of previous audits.
The organization shall:
a. define the audit criteria and scope for each audit;
b. select auditors and conduct audits to ensure objectivity and the impar-
tiality of the audit process;
c. ensure that the results of the audits are reported to relevant management.
The organization shall retain documented information as evidence of the
implementation of the audit programme and the audit results.
8 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 18

8.3 Management review

Top management shall review the organization’s environmental management
system, at planned intervals, to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and
effectiveness.
The management review shall include consideration of:
a. the status of actions from previous management reviews;
b. changes in:
• external and internal issues that are relevant to the environmental
management system;
• the needs and expectations of interested parties, including compli-
ance obligations;
• its significant environmental aspects;
• risks and opportunities;
c. the extent to which environmental objectives have been achieved;
d. information on the organization’s environmental performance, including
trends in:
• nonconformities and corrective actions;
• monitoring and measurement results;
• fulfilment of its compliance obligations;
• audit results;
e. adequacy of resources;
f. relevant communication(s) from interested parties, including complaints;
g. opportunities for continual improvement.
The outputs of the management review shall include:
• conclusions on the continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of
the environmental management system;
• decisions related to continual improvement opportunities;
• decisions related to any need for changes to the environmental manage-
ment system, including resources;
• actions, if needed, when environmental objectives have not been achieved;
• opportunities to improve integration of the environmental management
system with other business processes, if needed;
• any implications for the strategic direction of the organization.
The organization shall retain documented information as evidence of the re-
sults of management reviews.
9 IMPROVEMENT 19

9 Improvement
9.1 General
The organization shall determine opportunities for improvement (see 9.1, 9.2
and 9.3) and implement necessary actions to achieve the intended outcomes of
its environmental management system.

9.2 Nonconformity and corrective action

When a nonconformity occurs, the organization shall:
a. react to the nonconformity and, as applicable:
• take action to control and correct it;
• deal with the consequences, including mitigating adverse environ-
mental impacts;
b. evaluate the need for action to eliminate the causes of the nonconformitv
in order that it does not recur or occur elsewhere, by:
• reviewing the nonconformity;
• determining the causes of the nonconformity;
• determining if similar nonconformities exist, or could potentially oc-
cur;
c. implement any action needed;
d. review the effectiveness of any corrective action taken;
e. make changes to the environmental management system, if necessary.
Corrective actions shall be appropriate to the significance of the effects of
the nonconformities encountered, including the environmental impact(s).
The organization shall retain documented information as evidence of:
• the nature of the nonconformities and any subsequent actions taken;
• the results of any corrective action.

9.3 Continual improvement

The organization shall continually improve the suitability, adequacy and effec-
tiveness of the environmental management system to enhance environmental
performance.