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Assign 1 Os Lab Pakeeza

This document summarizes the key differences between Linux and Windows operating systems and discusses their pros and cons. It outlines 10 differences between them such as Linux being open-source and free while Windows is proprietary and costly. It also lists pros of Linux like security and efficiency while pros of Windows include ease of use and compatibility. Cons of Linux include lack of proprietary apps while cons of Windows are high resource usage and poor security.

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Pakeeza Naseemi
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51 views8 pages

Assign 1 Os Lab Pakeeza

This document summarizes the key differences between Linux and Windows operating systems and discusses their pros and cons. It outlines 10 differences between them such as Linux being open-source and free while Windows is proprietary and costly. It also lists pros of Linux like security and efficiency while pros of Windows include ease of use and compatibility. Cons of Linux include lack of proprietary apps while cons of Windows are high resource usage and poor security.

Uploaded by

Pakeeza Naseemi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 1

Summited to:
Ma’am Tuba Mansoor

Summited by:
Pakeeza Naseemi

Registration No:
BSEM-F19-109
Q1. Define in detail with implement the following command
1. cd:
It stands for change directory. This command is used to change the current
working directory. It is one of the most basic and frequently used
commands.

Implementation:

In the above example, we have checked number of directories in our home


directory and moved inside the Documents directory by using cd Documents
command.

2. ls:
This command allows you to view a list of the files and folders in a given
directory. You can also use this command to display details of a file, such as
the owner of the file and the permissions assigned to the file.
Implementation:

In the above figure ls command is showing list of all the files in the current
working directory that are Desktop, Downloads, Music, Public, Videos,
Documents.

3. pwd:
It stands for present working directory. This command is used show the path
of the working directory, starting from the root.

Implementation:
In the above figure pwd showing the current full path when we are in
Download directory.

4. cd / :
This command is used to change directory to the root directory, the root
directory is the first directory in your filesystem hierarchy.

Implementation:

5. cd .. :
This command is used to move to the parent directory of current directory,
or the directory one level up from the current directory. “..” represents
parent directory.

Implementation:
6. cd –:
This command is use to move to the previous directory.

Implementation:

7. cd /home/hostName/Pictures:
This command is used to show the absolute file path of Pictures directory.
Implementation:

This is called absolute path as we are specifying the full path to reach the
file.
8. ls -R:
This command is use to get recursive directory listing. Means this command
will list down all the files and folders present inside a directory down to the
last level.
Implementation:

9. ls -a:
This command is use to show all the files, including those files that begin
with a period (i.e., hidden files).
Implementation:
10. ls -al:
This command is used to show all the directories as well as dummy files and
directories.

Implementation:
Q: No: 2
Difference between Linux and windows operating system. Also mention pros
and cons of them.
Ans:
Difference between Linux and windows operating system
Linux windows operating system
 Linux is an open-source operating  Windows are the not the open-source
system. operating system.
 Linux is free of cost.  While it is costly.
 It’s file name case-sensitive.  Its file name is case-insensitive.
 In Linux, monolithic kernel is used.  In this, micro kernel is used.
 Linux is more efficient in comparison  Windows are less efficient.
of windows.
 There is forward slash is used for  There is back slash is used for
Separating the directories. Separating the directories.
 Linux provides more security than  It provides less security than Linux.
windows.
 Linux is widely used in hacking  Windows do not provide much
purpose-based systems. efficiency in hacking.
PROS: PROS:
 It is less susceptible to malware,  Ease of use.
viruses, and other potential damages.
 It is very easy to install.  Compatibility with MS driven websites.
 It works virtually on any modern era  Plug and play feature.
computer.
 It has a higher level of superiority for  Desktop and touch screen.
the users.
 Linux works with a modern internet  Support for new hardware.
browser.
CONS: CONS:
 Invalid proprietary apps to Apple or  High resource requirements.
Microsoft.
 No user guides.  Poor security.
 There is a learning curve to Linux.  Virus susceptibility.

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