The document discusses loops in Python programming. It provides examples of while loops, for loops, and the use of break, continue, and else statements with loops. It also discusses loop elements like the initializing statement, condition, and statements that allow the condition to become false. Examples of problems that can be solved using loops are given at the end.
The document discusses loops in Python programming. It provides examples of while loops, for loops, and the use of break, continue, and else statements with loops. It also discusses loop elements like the initializing statement, condition, and statements that allow the condition to become false. Examples of problems that can be solved using loops are given at the end.
The document discusses loops in Python programming. It provides examples of while loops, for loops, and the use of break, continue, and else statements with loops. It also discusses loop elements like the initializing statement, condition, and statements that allow the condition to become false. Examples of problems that can be solved using loops are given at the end.
The document discusses loops in Python programming. It provides examples of while loops, for loops, and the use of break, continue, and else statements with loops. It also discusses loop elements like the initializing statement, condition, and statements that allow the condition to become false. Examples of problems that can be solved using loops are given at the end.
LOOPING STATEMENTS Loop – a part of a program that repeats Loop body – contains the statements to be repeated
In writing a program it is always important to develop its algorithm first. Once
you have your algorithm, ask yourself these questions to determine if a loop is required in your program. a. Were there any steps repeated as I solved the problem? If so, which ones? b. If the answer to number 1 is yes, did I know in advance how many times to repeat the steps? c. If the answer is no in question number 2, how did I know how long to keep repeating the steps?
2 Broad Categories of Loops
1. Conditioned-controlled loop – uses a true/false condition to control the number of times that it repeats(while statement) 2. Counter-controlled loop- repeats a specific number of times(for statement) The logic of a pre-test loop
previous statement
Looping statements (body of the loop)
next statement after the loop
In Python, there is a short, specific list
of false values: • An empty string, “ “, is false • The number 0 is false. • An empty list, (), is false. • The singleton None (i.e. no value) is false. Everything else is true. 4 ELEMENTS OF A CONDITIONED-CONTROLLED LOOP The following elements should be present in your looping statement: a. looping statement – while, for, and do while b. the condition c. initializing statement – placed before the condition to ensure correct loop execution the first time the condition is evaluated d. statement that allows the condition to become false (ex. counter++, counter)
Structure of condition-controlled loop
Initialize loop control variable
while condition statements to be repeated here : : Update the loop control variable The while statement: General format: while condition: statement statement etc. else: //optional statement
Using else Statement with Loops Python
supports having an else statement associated with a loop statement. If the else statement is used with a for loop, the else statement is executed when the loop has exhausted iterating the list.
If the else statement is used with a while
loop, the else statement is executed when the condition becomes false.
1.A program that computes the average of a set of
quizzes. It lets the user decide how many quizzes.
2.write a while statement to compute the product
of all numbers divisible by 3 between a and b where a > b (a and b are inputs)Display also all numbers divisible by 3
SENTINELS Data values used to signal either the start or end of a data series. The sentinel value must be selected so as not to conflict with legitimate data values. The sentinel is not part of the data series.
Format of a sentinel-controlled loop:
var=input(); while(var!=sentinel: statement statement etc. : : : Var=input()
Problem : A program that ask the user to enter a
series of numbers (use 0 to stop the series) After all the numbers have been entered, the program should display the smallest and the greatest number of the series.
for Loop -for statement in Python has the ability to iterate over the items of any sequence, such as a list or a string.
General Format: for variable in [value1, value2,etc]: statement statement etc. else: # optional statement
The range() function
-the built-in function range() is the right function to iterate over a sequence of numbers. - It generates an iterator of arithmetic progressions - generates integers starting with 0 up to n-1
Examples: for num in range(5): print(num) #display 0 to 4
for num in range(1,5): #display 1 to 5
print(num)
for num in range(5): #display UST 5 times(vertically)
print("UST")
for num in range(5): #display UST 5 times(horizontally
print("UST", end=' ')
for x in range(1,9,2): #display 1 3 5 7
print(x,end=' ') for x in [2,7,8,9]: #display 2 7 8 9 print(x, end=' ')
for x in ["jose","abad","santos"]: print(x, end=' ')
for x in "hello": print(x, end='')
str="hello" for x in range(len(str)): print("Current letter : ", str[x])
fruits = ['banana', 'apple', 'mango']
for index in range(len(fruits)): print ('Current fruit :', fruits[index])
Exercise : 1. Write a for loop that will display a table showing the numbers 1 through 10 and their squares
2. Write a Python program to convert Celsius degrees to Fahrenheit.
The program should request the starting Celsius value, the number of conversions to be made, and the increment between Celsius values. The display should have appropriate heading and list the Celsius value and the corresponding Fahrenheit value. Use the relationship F = (9/5)*C + 32. Use for loop. Round-off results to 2 decimal places. Break and Continue Statements in a loop break – forces an immediate break or exit from while, for, and do while statements continue – when continue is encountered in a loop, the next iteration of the loop will immediately begin Practice Problems: 1. Write a Python program to process a data file containing a collection of daily high temperatures. Your program should count and print the number of hot days (temperature 85 or higher), the number of pleasant days (temperature 60-84), and the number of cold days (temperatures less than 60). The program should also display the category of each temperature. (let 0 be the sentinel value).
2.Write a Python program that determines the number of digits in a given integer by repeatedly removing the least significant digit until the number becomes 0. (hint: use division and modulo division)
3.Write a Python program that asks the user to enter an integer n. The program determines and displays the greatest power of 2 that is less than or equal to n. 4. Write a Python program to compute the sum of all integers both divisible by 3 and 4 from x to y where x and y are user inputs. Your code prompts the user to enter new values for x and y if x >y.
5. The x and y coordinates, as a function of time, t, of a projectile fired with an
initial velocity, v, at an angle of theta, Ѳ, with respect to the ground, are given by these formulas: x = vt cos Ѳ y = vt sin Ѳ using this formula, write a Python program that displays a table of x and y values for a projectile fired with an initial velocity v (ft/sec) at an angle Ѳ. The table should contain values corresponding to the time interval 0 to 5 seconds in increment of 0.5 second *input validation: v > 0, Ѳ is from 0 to 90 degrees *your program should execute for as long as the user wants to continue *round-off results to 2 decimal places Filename: projectile
6. Write a program that will produce a table of x and y values for the given function y = 3x5 – 2x3 + x; x is from a to b in increments of 0.2 *input validation: a < b *your program should execute for as long as the user wants to continue *round-off results to 2 decimal places
7. There are 9870 people in a town whose population increases by ten percent each year. Write a loop that prints the annual population and determines how many years it will take for the population to go over 30,000. Filename: population
