NAME: ANJANETTE P.

DE OCAMPO
COURSE/YEAR: BA HIST-1A
ACTIVITY 1 (HIST 101)

PRIMARY & SECONDARY SOURCES OF TEJEROS CONCEVENTION

PRIMARY SOURCE SECONDARY SOURCE

The katipunan and the Revolt of the Masses: The
Revolution: Memoirs of story of Bonifacio and The
General By Santiago Virata Katipunan. “Seeds of
Alvarez discontent” By Teodoro
Andal Agoncillo

Author’s Background - Santiago V. Alvarez. Was the -Teodoro Andal Agoncillo

only child of revolutionary was born in Lemery,
general Mariano Alvarez and Batangas on November 9,
Nicolasa Virata. He was born 1912. He was the one of the
on July 25, 1872, and died on first historian and a
October 30, 1930, at the age of wellknown Filipino historian
58. from the twentieth century.
- He is also known as "Kidlat He and his contemporary
ng Apoy" or “General Apoy” Renato Constantino were
(Lightning of Fire) because of among the first Filipino
his inflamed bravery and historians to promote a
dedication as commander of strongly nationalist
Cavite's famous battles. perspective on the country's
- He became captain general history. In addition to being a
and later, commanderin-chief, poet, he was also an essayist.
of the Magdiwang forces and - Agoncillo's "History of the
valiantly fought the Spaniards Filipino People" was first
from 1896 to 1897. With his published in (1960). To date,
father, Mariano Álvarez, and it remains a popular standard
cousin, General Pascual textbook in many Filipino
Álvarez, they liberated universities, as are many of
Noveleta from the Spaniards on Agoncillo's other works.
August 31, 1896. - Some of his other well-
- In 1902 he was appointed known works include Revolt
Chairman of the Commission of the Masses (1956),
of the peace, an organization Malolos: the Crisis of the
created by U.S. authorities to Republic (1960), the Fateful
promote the material Years (1965), and History of
reconstruction of the country the Filipino People (1960)
and the reconciliation between which are all still being used
the two countries. In this same as textbooks in many schools.
line created in 1912 the For this outstanding works as
Association Makabuhay. a historian, he was conferred
 as a National Scientist in
(1985).
- Agoncillo obtained a
bachelor's degree in
philosophy from the
University of the Philippines
in (1934) and a master's
degree in the arts from the
same university the following
year.
- He became linguistic
assistant at the Institute of
National Language and as an
instructor at the Far Eastern
University and the Manuel L.
Quezon University and a
faculty member of U.P.,
chairing the Department of
History from 1963 to 1969,
until his retirement in 1977.
When was the accout  In 1927 the account was  October 1947 to
written? written  It January 1948 it was
published in 1956
Mention of the date(s )  March 25,1897 the  December 1896 –
Tejeros Convention Bonifacio left for
officially began Cavite.
 March 27, 1897 it was  April 1897 –the
revealed that a meeting Spaniards captures the
was held atTanza Parish town of Malabon
house and that the where
Supremo’s decision to Bonifaciostayed
avoid the election was  January 2, 1897 –
not respected and was With doubt
disregarded crisscrossing his mind
and misgiving
assailing his heart,
Bonifacio, wrote from
San Francisco de
Malabon to his uncle-
inlaw,MarianoAlvarez
.
 January 1897 – The
town fiesta of San
Francisco de Malabon
has held in January
1897. 6. March 22,
 1897 – On
Aguinaldo's birthday,
the conflict raged and
the Tejeros were
summoned to the
assembly.
Mention of place(s)  Friar estate house in  Cavite
Tejeros, Cavite  Batangas
 Friar estate house in  Nasugbu, Tuwi, and
Imus, Cavite Look
 Parish house of the  San Francisco de
Catholic Church at Malabon, Naik
Tanza, Santa Cruz de  Kawit
Malabon  Imus, San Francisco
de Malabon, Naik,
and Maragondon
 Montalban and
Mariquina mountains
 Zapote
 Imus, Cavite
 Laguna and Morong -
Noveleta
 Imus, Cavite
 Manila (Provincial
and municipal
government in around
Manila)
 Estate house of
Tejeros, Cavite
 Kawit, Bakood, and
Imus
 Salitran
 Mapagtiis, San
Francisco de Malabon
Key personal ties 1. Andres Bonifacio –The 1. Andres Bonifacio –
Supremo, Leader of the Supreme Head
Katipunan, Magdiwang of the Katipunan
president elected as the 2. Artemio Ricarte –
Secretary of the Interior Magdalo's
2. Emilio Aguinaldo – Elected military commander
as President of the Katipunan brigadier-general
3. Baldomero Aguinaldo – 3. Mariano Alvarez –
Magdalo President 4. Mariano Magdiwang's
Trias – Elected as Vice chosen President
President 5. General Vibora – 4. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo –
Elected as Captain General 6. Leading
Emiliano de Dios – Elected as the Magdalo Soldiers, faced
Secretary of War 7. Daniel the
Tirona – He went against the Spaniards in Salitran
result of the voting’s when 5. Candido Tirona –
Andres Bonifacio was elected Magdiwang's
as Secretary of the Interior. 8. minister of war
Ariston Villanueva – Previous 6. Edilberto Evangelista –
Secretary of war 9. Santiago Magdalo's
Alvarez – Previous Captain elected Lieutenant General
General- He was insulted by 7. Baldomero Aguinaldo –
Antonio Montenegro’s remark Made the
about the revolution and made proposal to establish a
an order to arrest him. 10. revolutionary
Antonio Montenegro – He was government
arrested by General Apoy 8. Daniel Tirona – Magdalo
because he compared the man
revolution to a pack of bandits 9. Esteban San Juan – Invited
or of wild, mindless animals if Bonifacio to attend the
they did not agree on the kind demonstration
of revolutionary government of the Magdiwang rebels in
they were to have. 11. Trining Noveleta
and Josephine – Pleaded with 10. Ariston Villanueva –
Apoy not to arrest Montenegro Magdiwang's
but to let him stay at the estate Minister of War who stood up
house 12. Jacinto Lumbreras – and
Previous Chairman of the said that if new government
Katipunan 13. Fr. Cenon was to be
Villanueva – Officiated the established, Andres Bonifacio
oath taken by the newly elected who
officers 14. Severino de las had organized and planned
Alas and Daniel Tirona – the entire
Witness of the oath taking 15. revolutionary movement,
(MESSRS. WHO ATTENDED must of
THE ASSEMBLY AT right occupy presidency
TEJEROS) – Jacinto without any
Lumbreras, Andres Bonifacio, election
Messrs. Mariano M. 1. Andres 11. Santiago Alvarez –
Bonifacio – Supreme Head of Magdalo's
the Katipunan 2. Artemio commander in chief
Ricarte – Magdalo's military 12. Pascual Alvarez –
commander brigadier-general Magdalo's
3. Mariano Alvarez – executive secretary
Magdiwang's chosen President 13. Luciano San Miguel –
4. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo – Magdiwang
Leading the Magdalo Soldiers, representative
faced the Spaniards in Salitran 14. Santos Nocon –
5. Candido Tirona – Magdiwang
Magdiwang's minister of war 6. representative
Edilberto Evangelista – 15. Cayetano Topacio –
Magdalo's elected Lieutenant Magdiwang's
General minister of finance
7. Baldomero Aguinaldo – 16. Antonio Montenegro –
Made the proposal to establish Magdiwang
a revolutionary government representative
8. Daniel Tirona – Magdalo 17. Jacinto Lumbrera –
man Acting
9. Esteban San Juan – Invited president of magdiwang in
Bonifacio to attend the the
demonstration of the meeting
Magdiwang rebels in Noveleta
10. Ariston Villanueva –
Magdiwang's Minister of War
who stood up and said that if
new government was to be
established, Andres Bonifacio
who had organized and planned
the entire revolutionary
movement, must of right
occupy presidency without any
election
11. Santiago Alvarez –
Magdalo's commander in chief
12. Pascual Alvarez –
Magdalo's executive secretary
13. Luciano San Miguel –
Magdiwang representative
14. Santos Nocon –
Magdiwang representative
15. Cayetano Topacio –
Magdiwang's minister of
finance
16. Antonio Montenegro –
Magdiwang representative
17. Jacinto Lumbrera – Acting
president of magdiwang in the
meeting Alvarez, Pascual
Alvarez, Ariston Villanueva,
Mariano C. Trias, Diego
Mojica, Emiliano R. de Dios,
Santiago V. Alvarez, Artemio
Recarte, Santos Nocon,
 Luciano San Miguel, Pablo
Mojica, Serevino de las Alas,
and Santiago Rillo, of the
Magdiwang council and the
Messrs. Of Magdalo council,
Baldomero Aguinaldo, Daniel
Tirona and Cayatani Topacio.
Sequencing of events 1. In the Philippine Revolution 1. The Katipunan of Cavite,
of 1896, there was a conflict divided into two factions, the
that emerged between Andres Magdiwang and the Magdalo,
Bonifacio, the supremo of the and each factions exercised
Katipunan, the secret society sovereign power over several
that launched the uprising towns. Leaders of each
against Spain in August 1896, council never got together to
and Emilio Aguinaldo, a leader elect their leader; they
of the Filipino forces in Cavite proceeded independently
province who succeeded their elected leader. Both
Bonifacio as head of the factions attempted to make
revolutionary movement in their uniform to recognize
March 1897. their council, however the
2. Andres Bonifacio and plan did not go beyond the
Emilio Aguinaldo agreed to paper stage due to lack of
hold the Tejeros Convention in budget.
the aim of uniting the opposing 2. When Cavite led by its
factions and forming a new two factions, successfully
Katipunan government. The rose in their revolt, disputes
Magdiwng Council's Secretary arise between the leaders of
Jacinto Lumbreras presided rival factions for their desire
over the Tejeros assembly, to control the other faction.
which began on March 25, But neither both sides would
1897. bow nor allow the other
3. Ariston Villanueve of faction to rule the other
Magdiwang faction received faction, and this led to rebel's
information from Daniel Tirona defeat at the hands of
of Magdalo faction acceded in Polavieja and the Spaniards.
enjoining any among the The Magdiwang men initiated
Magdiwang leaders to ally with to invite Andres Bonifacio to
him. visit Cavite and intervene in
4. The main topic of discussion, the conflict of the two
according to Secretary Jacinto factions. A delegate was sent
Lumbreras, was how to to look and inform him, but
strengthen defenses in he refuses to heed the request.
Magdiwang-controlled 3. Periodic exchanges of
territories. Severino de las Alas communication between
interrupted and stated that the Bonifacio and Magdiwang
major issues, such as what kind chieftains led to accepting the
of government we should have third invitation written to
and how we should establish it, Bonifacio. Bonifacio left for
should be addressed first. Cavite in the middle of
Secretary Lumbreras December 1896. A
emphasized that the Katipunan misunderstanding arose
now holds authority over the between Magdalo leaders and
island that has a government of Bonifacio at the preliminary
law and a definite program. meeting, that they regarded
Severino de las Alas disagreed Bonifacio's behavior and
otherwise. "acted as if he were a king".
5. A disorder ensued between After the meeting, Bonifacio
General Apoy and Antonio met Fernandez, who was his
Montenegro, which disrupted comrade in the battle of San
the assembly. Antiono Juan, promised to help him,
Montenegro said they who but didn't carry out his
were in the Revolution would promise had led to their
be no better than a pack of defeat, ordered his arrest. But
bandits or of wild, mindless Magdalo chieftains, whom
animals. Hurt by the words of Fernandez had run for shelter,
Montenegro, General Apoy refused to give him up and
emphasized that they are true Bonifacio concluded that he
revolutionaries fighting for the had little influence in
freedom of the native land and Magdalo area.
they are not bandits who rob 4. Bonifacio was invited to
others of their property and attend an event in Noveleta.
wealth. General Apoy then A parade took place and
ordered the arrest of Antonio Emilio Aguinaldo, a
Montenegro. Magdiwang, observed the
6. When order was restored, parade, while having a plan to
Andres Bonifacio presumed the nominate Edilberto
chairman of the assembly, for Evangelista, with the
he is the Father of the intention of his faction to
Katipunan and the Revolution. propose an establishment of a
Secretary Lumbreras thought revolutionary government.
Bonifacio to be the rightful Bonifacio knowing the plan
chairman because the as the of
leader of the Katipunans, he Aguinaldo was hurt for the
was responsible for the spread presidency must be given to
of the revolutionary movement him for he is the founder of
throughout the Philippines. Katipunan. After, an
7. An election took place for assembly was opened with
the following positions: Bonifacio as chairman. And
President, Vice President, both factions have different
Minister of Finance, Minister sides that never come to
of Welfare and Justice, and understanding. Magdalo
Captain General. The Supremo proposes to have a
Bonifacio emphasized that all government with the
decisions discussed and Katipunan for it was no
approved in the meetings longer necessary, and
should be respected and all Magdiwang opposes the
should abide by the wished of proposal. At the end the
the majority, no matter what his assembly was adjourned, but
station in life or his educational as tension between the
attainment. The Magdiwang Magdiwang and Magdalo
secretary of the treasury continues to rise.
warned Bonifacio that the 5. The leaders held another
ballots were tampered, and convention at the estate-house
some were already filled out, in Tejeros. This was during
however, Bonifacio ignored Aguinaldo’s birthday March
this and proceeded with the 22, 1987 and when he was
election. facing the Spaniards in
8. In the voting for the Salitran. The convention was
presidency position in the mostly attended by
revolutionary government, Magdiwang soldiers. The
Emilio Aguinaldo prevailed convention was opened by
over Andres Bonifacio. The Jacinto Lumbreras, however
next most important posts went Severino de las Alas took the
to members of the Magdiwang: floor and wanted to discuss
Mariano Trias was elected Vice on what kind of government
President, Artemio Ricarte, and should be set up. Andres
Emiliano Riego de Dios was Bonifacio explaining that the
elected Secretary of War. K in the Katipunan flag
Andres Bonifacio was elected already identified the type of
to a position, theSecretary of government but de las Alas
the Interior. After that, an was not satisfied. The tension
argument broke out between was heated up as Antonio
Bonifacio and Daniel Tirona, Montenegro insulted the
where the later insisted that the Katipunan which was not
position of Secretary of the taken lightly by Santiago
Interior should be entrusted to a Alvarez. Lumbreras then
lawyer and elect Jose del proceeded to give the seat to
Rosario instead. Bonifacio Andres Bonifacio in
adjourned the meeting, spearheading the convention.
announcing that all matters 6. An election was held
approved in the meeting are where whoever elected was to
null and void. be recognized and respected
9. Baldomero Aguinaldo, the regardless of social status and
Magdalo president, convinced education. Emilio Aguinaldo
the Magdiwang leaders to was elected President,
reconvene the disrupted Mariano Trias as Vice
meeting at the same friar estate President, Ricarte as Captain
house in Tejeros the following General, Emilio R. de Dios as
 day to continue and revalidate director of war and Andres
the proceeding of the election; Bonifacio as Director of
however, the Magdalo Interior. The position of
members did not came. It was Bonifacio was opposed by
rumored that a meeting had Daniel Tirona, which
taken place at the Tanza parish offended the Supremo, that
house and Bonifacio’s decision led him to call the assembly
regarding the election being off and all thatwas discussed
null and void were not as null.
respected. At the gathering in 7. Bonifacio believed that that
the Tanza parish house, those he should have been given the
elected at the Tejeros presidency but was not due to
Convention took their oaths the dirty work of the Magdalo
office, which was officiated by men. In his letter to Mariano
Fr. Cenon Villafranca. Alvarez, he also said that he
Unknown to the Magdiwang would not recognize the
Council, the Magdalo posted chiefs elected during the Imus
troops to guard the Tarzan Convention and should not be
parish house and not to admit recognized by the people
any unwanted Magdiwang either.
partisans.
Difference between the two Memoir of a Filipino General Agoncillo wrote this with his
sources was written by Alvarez who own analysis and perspective
was in the scene of the said about the topic
hsitory
The author talks about what
happened before the
The author focused more on convention occurred
what happened during the
election. This account talks about the
misunderstanding between
This account talks about the the Santiago and Montenegro
misunderstanding between
General Apoy and Mr. Compared to Santiago
Montenegro. Alvarez, the letter that Andres
Bonifacio to his uncle in law
The author’s memoir is straight was more concrete and
forward narration clearly stated

It was brief, but it did not lack The author provides a story
in detail to understand what about the events of the
went through during the events. Tejeros Convention. The
detail that the author provided
made his version believable.