Sachie Aribal BS Biology-1

Dichotomous Keys
Polypodiaceae (Polypody or Paco Family)
from Pteridophyta
1. Leaves broad, entire or variously dissected, large in proportion to the stem.
2. Spores minute, of one kind only; leaves entire or variously, pinnately
dissected, small to large.
3. Erect, not twining.
4. Terrestrial or epiphytic plants; sporangia arranged in sori, the annulus
opening transversely…………………………………...……… Polypodiaceae
Polypodiaceae
1. Sori densely covering the entire back of the frond, or parts of the frond.
2. Fronds pinnate; very coarse terrestrial ferns of brackish swamps, the
sporangia not gathered into sori…………………………………….……Acrostichum
2. Fronds simple, entire; epiphytic ferns from creeping rootstock the sporangia in
continuous sori………………………………………..…........................ Cyclophorus
2. Fronds finely 3- or 4-pinnately divided, the ultimate segments small, the fertile
ones golden-yellow on the lower surface, the indusium consisting of the reflexed
margins of the segments…………………............................................... Onychium
1. Sori definite, on the back of the frond, scattered, or in regular rows, not strictly
marginal.
2. Fronds entire, dimorphous, the sori reticulate, following the nerves over the
entire lower surface………………………………………………………….
Hemionitis
2. Fronds pinnately lobed, pinnate, or decompound.
3. Sori round or nearly so.
4. Indusium present
5. Pinnae articulated to the rachis…………………… Nephrolepis
5. Pinnae not articulated to the rachis..........................
Dryopteris
4. Indusium none.
5. Fronds all alike…………………………………….... Polypodium
 5. Fronds dimorphous; basal, sterile, concave, humus-
gathering ones which are at first green, soon becoming
brown, and ordinary green, pinnately lobed fertile
fronds……………………………………………………….. Drynaria
3. Sori elongated.
4. Indusium wanting; finely pinnately compound ferns, the
lower surface covered with white waxy powder………..…Ceropteris
4. Indusium present.
5. Veins forming regular areolae, or if not then the sori
often double, on both sides of the
veinlets……………………………………………….... Athyrium
5. Veins not forming regular areolae, except sometimes at
the margin, the sori always simple……….……..… Asplenium
1. Sori marginal, definite.
2. Indusium half cup-shaped, attached by the base and the margins,
opening outward………………………………………….………………….… Davallia
2. Indusium formed of the reflexed modified or unmodified margin of the
frond.
3. Sori borne on the inner face of the reflexed leaf
margin…………………………………………………………. Adiantum
3. Sori not on the inner surface of the reflexed-margin, protected by
it, but borne on the frond itself.
4. Sori linear, on a strand connecting the tips of the veins, the
reflexed margin of the leaf continuous; usually coarse, not
finely divided ferns………………………...………………..……. Pteris
4. Sori terminal on the veins, at first distinct, later confluent, the
reflexed margin of the leaf interrupted; slender, finely divided
fern……………………………………………………..…… Cheilanthes
2. Indusium none; otherwise very similar to Cheilanthes………….….. Notholaena
 Anacardiaceae (Cashew or Mango Family)
from Choripetalae
1. Ovary superior, free from the calyx.
2. Ovary simple, of a single carpel.
3. Not submerged aquatic plants.
4. Anthers not opening by hinged valves.
5. Plants of various habits, with perfect flowers, or if with
unisexual flowers, then shrubs or trees; sepals always more than two.
6. Fruit not a pod (legume); flowers regular or nearly so.
7. Trees or woody vines.
8. Trees; fruit indehiscent hard or fleshy.
9. Stamens, few, as many or twice as many as the
petals sometimes fewer………. Anacardiaceae
Anacardiaceae
1. Leaves simple; ovary 1-celled, or of several 1-celled carpels.
2. Fruits seated on a much-enlarged fleshy peduncle.
3. Stamens twice as many as the petals, some of them imperfect;
fleshy peduncle large, 5 to 7 cm long…………………………... Anacardium
3. Stamens as many as the petals; fleshy peduncle small, 1 to 1.5 cm
long……………………………………………………………...…. Semecarpus
2. Peduncles not at all enlarged.
3. Stamens 1 to 5; carpels 1; fruit a large fleshy edible
drupe………………………………………………………………….. Mangifera
3. Stamens 8 or 10; carpels 5; fruit a small drupe 1 cm long or less, the
flesh scanty……………………………….……………………...…
Buchanania
1. Leaves pinnate; ovary several-celled; fruit ovoid, the stone
several-celled………………………………………………………………………. Spondias