The Computer and its Characteristics

Computer is an electronic device which is used to compute organize store information and used
to process data. It is also for to arithmetic calculation

Characteristics of computer

1. Speed
2. Accuracy
3. Diligence
4. Storage capacity/memory
5. Versatility
6. Reliability
7. Power of remembering
8. Compactness

Speed:

 Computer can process millions of instruction in seconds

 Same calculation that would have taken hours and day to complete can be completed
in a few seconds using the computer
1. The speed of computer is calculated in (MIPS) (millions of instruction per second)

Accuracy:

 A computer provides a high degree of accuracy

 Every calculation is performer with the same accuracy

Diligence:

 Computer can work for hours without any break or boredom

 It does not get tried
 It can perform complex
Calculation with the same speed and accuracy from the start till the end

Storage capacity/ (memory)

 Computer can store very large amount of data

 We have many storage devices like CD, DVD etc.

Versatility:
  Computers can be used to perform different types of tasks
 At one point of time you can type a document. The next moment you can listen to a
song or watch a video

Compactness:

 Day by day computer size is decreasing with new technology

Reliability:

 Computer will not do mistaken

 It we give wrong input can we recalled at any time

Power of remembering:

 The data stored in the computer can we recalled at any time

LIMITATIONS OF COMPUTER

 It cannot work without electricity

 Computer cannot take own discussion
 Computer has zero IQ
 Computer is completely depends on human
 Computer is costly
 Computer has no creativity
 Different Types of Computer Software and the Tasks they are used for:

What is Software?

Before we dive into the four types of software, let’s briefly look at what software is. Obviously,
if you were to ask your favorite computer programmer for a definition of software, it would be
much more complex than this, but at its core, software is a computer program or an application
that provides instructions to execute a user’s commands. Every time you check the weather on
your phone, you are using software. Whenever you open a message on Facebook, create a budget
spreadsheet, or join a Zoom call, you are using software.

 Application Software

This is the most common type of computer software, and can be defined as end-user programs
that help you perform tasks or achieve a desired outcome. The end-user is the person who is
actually using a product or program. (They are the one for whom the “end result” is designed.)
Some examples of application software include internet browsers, a CRM tool like Hubspot, a
photo-editing software like Adobe or Lightroom, or a word processing application like Microsoft
Word. Application software is installed on a computer or mobile device based upon a user’s
need. Because this is the most common type of software, there are many options available and
users can choose the one that best fits their needs, budget, and expectations. (For example,
anyone wanting to look on the internet could use Chrome, Safari, or even Firefox.)

 System Software
System software helps the user, the computer or mobile device, and an application all work
together seamlessly. This makes system software crucial to running any kind of application
software as well as the whole computer system. 

Think about when your laptop or phone has an update. This is system software in action: there is
a tweak made to the system software that helps your computer or phone continue to work well
and keep applications running. Apple’s iOS is an example of system software, as is Microsoft
Windows. System software is always running in the background of your device, but it is never
something you will use directly. In fact, the only time most people remember it’s there is when it
is time for an update.

 Programming Software

While application software is designed for end-users, and

system software is designed for computers or mobile
devices, programming software is for computer
programmers and developers who are writing code. These
are programs that are used to write, develop, test, and
debug other software programs. It’s helpful to think of
these programs as a translator of sorts: they take
programming languages like Laravel, Python, C++, and
more and translate them into something a computer or
phone will understand. 

Driver Software

This software is often considered to be a type of system software. Driver software operates and
controls devices that are plugged into a computer. These drivers make it possible for devices to
perform their necessary functions. A very good (and practical) example of this is your printer.
When you are first setting up your printer to work with your computer, you have to install
software to connect the two so that they communicate and print anything you need. 
 Different Types of Computer Hardware Accessories and their Respective
Functions

For the working of the Types of Computer Hardware, it needs both hardware and software
components. For every computer system, there can be several hardware components attached to
the system as per the requirements. The computer hardware contains mechanical elements and
electronic elements of the computer. The hardware of the computer system includes monitor,
CPU, keyboard, mouse, printer, sound system, RAM, hard disk and many more. Hardware is
used for taking input data from the user, store the data and display the output and execute the
commands given by an individual.

Different Types of Computer Hardware

1. RAM

RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of computer hardware that is used to store the
information and then process that information. The processing speed of RAM is much faster than
a hard disk but Ram is a volatile device which means when a computer system is shut down all
the information stored is wiped out from RAM whereas hard disk is non-volatile which means it
stores the data permanently in it. The data can be easily stored in RAM and can be easily fetched
from RAM. The fetch process of data is very fast in Ram compare to hard disk. There are two
types of RAM SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) and DRAM (Dynamic random access
memory). The use of SRAM is in a cache memory of CPU. And the DRAM is mostly used in
modern computers.

2. Hard disk

The hard disk is another type of computer hardware that is used to store the data in it. The hard
disk can be preinstalled in CPU or can be used as an external device. The hard disk is the non-
volatile component which means the data is stored permanently in hard disk and it does not wipe
out when the system is shut down. The hard disk contains electromagnet surface which is used to
store huge chunks of data and can be accessed easily. The hard disk has the capacity to store
trillions of bytes of data in its storage. In the internal of hard disk, it has a collection of stacked
disks which have electromagnetic surface used to store data in it. Every hard disk has a certain
processing speed which varies from 4200-15000 rpm. The higher the rpm more is the processing
speed of a hard disk. The high processing speed is used in supercomputers.

3. Monitor

For the computer hardware, the hardware is another device that is used to display the output,
videos and other graphics as it is directly connected to the CPU. The video displayed by the
monitor uses the video card. The monitor can be compared to the television set but the difference
is the resolution and graphics displayed by the monitor are of much high quality compare to the
television set. The desktop is connected via a cable and gets fitted in a computer video card
which is installed in the motherboard of the computer system. For laptops, tablets the monitor is
pre-built in the system and there is no separate hardware installed in these devices. There are two
types of computer monitors which are CRT and LCD. The CRT was used as an old model of
computers. The LCD is used in a modern computer as they are thinner and lighter and easy to
use compared to CRT monitors.

4. CPU

CPU (Central processing unit) is the core hardware part of the computer system which is used to
interpret and execute most of the commands using other computer parts i.e. software and
hardware.  The CPU is a core part of any PC, laptops, tablets, and notebooks. The CPU is also
called the brain of the computer as every operation is executed in the CPU only. The CPU is
made of computer chip which contains billions of small transistors installed on it. All the
calculations are performed inside these transistors. The other hardware components which are
monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, sound system are connected o CPU.

5. Mouse

It is a hand operator input device that is used to point something on the screen. The mouse can be
wired or wireless. If the mouse is wired it is connected to the CPU directly. The mouse can uses
the laser o ball to scroll up or down on the screen. Any movement done from the mouse sends
instructions directly to the computer to move the cursor on the screen.
6. Keyboard

The keyboard is another type of computer hardware that is used to give input text, commands to
the computer. The keyboard can be wired or wireless. The keyboard contains, alphabets,
numbers, special characters and other buttons to give input to the computer. It is the input device
that takes input to the user and processes the commands.

7. Printer

The printer is a type of hardware that is used to print something which is seen on the computer
and then transfer that displayed information to paper. The printers can be differentiated based on
size, processing speed, and other factors.