Quadrilaterals Complete

ARYABHATTA
CLASS VIII
Observe around you
Objects as floor, top of your study table, page of notebook etc.
What do they represent?

Give some more examples.
Quadrilaterals
On a plane
(iv)
(iii) Concave
Convex Atleast one interior
Each interior angle of angle of the
the quadrilateral is less quadrilateral is greater
than 180° than 180°
Quadrilateral ABCD has
4 vertices namely A,B,C,D

4 sides namely AB,BC,CD,DA
4 angles namely
2 diagonals
namely AC,BD
Angle Sum Property of a Quadrilateral
The sum of the angles of a

quadrilateral is 360°
Example 1
Solution :
Let the required angles be 3x, 5x, 9x, 13x

3x+5x+9x+13x =360° (ASP of quadrilateral)
or, 30x=360
or, x= 12
So, angles are 36°,60°,108°,156°

Recall types of Quadrilaterals
PARALLELOGRAM

Given : ABCD is a parallelogram
Proof :

In a parallelogram, opposite sides are equal.
In a parallelogram, opposite angles are equal.

Theorem:
If each pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral
is equal, then it is a parallelogram.
Theorem:
If in a quadrilateral, each pair of opposite
angles is equal, then it is a parallelogram.
Theorem:
The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each
other.
Theorem:
If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each
other, then it is a parallelogram
TRAPEZIUM
A quadrilateral with one pair of
opposite side as parallel is called a
trapezium.
AB is parallel to CD.
RECTANGLE
A parallelogram with angle as 90° is
called a rectangle.
RHOMBUS
A parallelogram with one pair of adjacent
sides equal(all sides equal) is called a
rhombus.
SQUARE
A parallelogram with one angle as 90°
and one pair of adjacent sides equal is
called a square.
KITE
Example:
Show that the diagonals of a rhombus are
perpendicular to each other.
So, the diagonals of a rhombus are

perpendicular to each other.
Example :
If the diagonals of a parallelogram are equal, then show
that it is a rectangle.
C
B
Example :
Show that the bisectors of angles of a
parallelogram form a rectangle.
PROPERTIES OF SPECIAL TYPES OF
QUADRILATERALS
Example :
ABCD is a rhombus. Show that diagonal AC
bisects ∠ A as well as ∠ C and diagonal BD
bisects ∠ B as well as ∠ D.
Important points
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
ANS:(b)
2
.
ANS:(c)
3
.
ANS:(b)
Example :
P and Q are the points on opposite sides AD and BC of llgm
ABCD such that PQ passes through the point of intersection
of its diagonals AC and BD. Show that PQ is bisected at O.
Example :
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1.
ANS:(c)
ANS:(c)
ANS:(b)
4.
ANS:(c)
5.
ANS: (c)
6.
ANS: (c)
7.
ANS: (c)
8.
ANS: (d)
9.
ANS: (a)
MID POINT THEOREM
EF=DF (CPCT)
Example
ABCD is a quadrilateral in which P, Q, R and S are
mid-points of the sides AB, BC, CD and DA. AC is a diagonal. Show
that :
(i) SR || AC and SR = ½ (AC)
(ii) PQ = SR
(iii) PQRS is a parallelogram.
Solution
(Lines parallel to same given line are parallel to
each other)
Example
ABCD is a rhombus and P, Q, R and S are the mid-
points of the sides AB, BC, CD and DA respectively.
Show that the quadrilateral PQRS is a rectangle.
O
N M
Example
ABCD is a rectangle and P, Q, R and S are mid-points of the
sides AB, BC, CD and DA respectively. Show that the
quadrilateral PQRS is a rhombus.
CONVERSE OF MID POINT THEOREM
4
3
2
Example
ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC, BD is a diagonal
and E is the mid-point of AD. A line is drawn through E
parallel to AB intersecting BC at F in the given fig. Show
that F is the mid-point of BC.
(Lines parallel to same given line are parallel to
each other)
G
(Points E,G,F are collinear)
Example
In a parallelogram ABCD, E and F are the mid-points of sides
AB and CD respectively(see Fig.). Show that the line segments
AF and EC trisect the diagonal BD.
Example
Show that the line segments joining the mid-points of the
opposite sides of a quadrilateral bisect each other.
Example
ABC is a triangle right angled at C. A line through the mid-

point M of hypotenuse AB
and parallel to BC intersects AC at D. Show that
(i) D is the mid-point of AC (ii) MD ⊥ AC
(iii) CM = MA = ½ AB
(ii)
(iii)
But,
Example
Example
Prove that the line joining the mid-points of the diagonals

of a trapezium is parallel to sides of the trapezium and is
equal to half their difference.
Example
P,Q and R are, respectively, the mid points of

sides BC,AB of a triangle ABC,PR and BQ meet
at X.CR and PQ meet at Y. Prove that XY=1/4 of BC
Example
D, E and F are the mid-points of the sides of BC, CA and AB
respectively of an equilateral ΔABC. Show that ΔDEF is also
an equilateral triangle.
Example
In ΔABC, AB = 5cm, BC= 8 cm and CA = 7 cm. If D and E
are respectively the mid-pts of AB and BC, determine the
length of DE.
Example
In ΔABC, D and E are the mid points of AB and AC, AD = 3.5
cm, AE = 4cm, DE=2.5cm. Find perimeter of ΔABC.
Thank you

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What are the different types of quadrilaterals discussed in the text?

How can you determine if a quadrilateral is a parallelogram?

ARYABHATTA

What do they represent?

4 vertices namely A,B,C,D

The sum of the angles of a

Let the required angles be 3x, 5x, 9x, 13x

So, angles are 36°,60°,108°,156°

In a parallelogram, opposite sides are equal.

In a parallelogram, opposite angles are equal.

So, the diagonals of a rhombus are

ABC is a triangle right angled at C. A line through the mid-

Prove that the line joining the mid-points of the diagonals

P,Q and R are, respectively, the mid points of

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