APPRAISING THE ATTITUDE OF PEOPLE TOWARDS THE USE

OF FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES IN MASKA WARD OF

FUNTUA LOCAL GOVERNMENT

BY

UMMULKHAIRI ISMA’IL
20/EVKK/059

A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC

AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, KANKIYA IRO SCHOOL OF
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY KANKIA, KATSINA STATE COLLEGE
OF HEALTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

BEING A PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF

PROFESSIONAL DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
SCIENCE BY WEST AFRICA HEALTH EXAMINATION BOARD
(WAHEB)

OCTOBER, 2021
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this research project has been written by me and it is a
product of my own effort. It has not been presented in part or full for any
higher national diploma, diploma or certificate in this or any other
institution.

UMMULKHAIRI ISMA’IL
20/EVKK/059

Sign/Date:……….……………..…..……………

ii
 ABSTRACT

The research work talk about the attitude of people toward use of family
planning services in Maska ward of Funtua local government” is quite a
sensitive issue that has not yet gained wide acceptance by the people not
only of Maska ward but for the entire nation. The research however consists
of five (5) chapters, chapter one (1) consists of introduction, background of
the study, statement of the problem, significance of the study, objectives of
the study and lastly definition of terms. Chapter two (2) deals with related
literature review of different authors. Chapter three (3) consists of
description of the study area, study design, study setting and sampling
techniques, instrument design, method of data collection, technique for data
analysis and limitation of the study. Chapter four (4) is concerned with
introduction, findings, result, presentation, discussion and data analysis.
Chapter five (5) also consists of introduction, summary, conclusion,
recommendation, suggestion for further research, bibliography and last but
not the least questionnaire.

iii
 APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that this project titled “Appraising the Attitude of People
towards the Use of Family Planning Services in Maska Ward of Funtua
Local Government Area” was written by Ummulkhairi Isma’il of the
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Kankiya Iro School of
Health Technology Kankia, Katsina State.

Project Supervisor
Malam Aminu Sani Lawal Yammawa

Sign/Date:……….……………..…..……………

Head of Department
Malam Sanusi Umar Radda

Sign/Date:……….……………..…..……………

External Supervisor

Sign/Date:……….……………..…..……………

iv
 DEDICATION

This research work is wholeheartedly dedicated to my lovely parents Isma’il

Lawal and Sa’adatu Muhammad Inuwa for their support, advice and
encouragement given to me throughout my studies May Allah grant them
with Jannatul Firdausi Ameen.

v
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

In the name of Allah the beneficent, the merciful. All praises be to Allah

who granted me the time, courage and ability to bear with all the hurdles that

were associated with this study.

Though the research and the writing of this work was solely my

responsibility, the work would not have been completed without the

contribution of the various people who assisted me in the course of writing

the work among these, I am greatly indebted are first and foremost my

parents for their proper upbringing, care and support they rendered to me,

making me what I am today, and I always thanks Almighty Allah for given

me such kind of good parents.

Secondly, I must also express my sincere gratitude and thanks to Malam

Aminu Sani Lawal Yammawa who supervised this research work to the

utmost of his ability and his criticisms, suggestion, kindness and patient in

supervising this work to ensure possible errors are avoided. I therefore found

it duly bound to express my sincere gratitude and thanks to him.

I must not forget to express my thanks to those who contributed to the

completion of my research, which includes Aunty Ai, Aunty Salma, Maman

Anwar, Yayana Kabiru, Yanana Shehu, Hajiya Zainab (HOD), Hajiya

vi
Maryam, Maman Kazeem, Maman Imam and my beloved Muhammad

Hamza Yargamji. Thanks you all for your kindness.

I cannot forget to thank my dear family members which Include Bilkisu

Ibrahim, Zainab Umar, Yaya Shehu Isma’il, Yaya Kabiru Isma’il, Yaya

Auwal Isma’il, Fatima (Lami), Hauwa’u (Iyami) Isma’il, Aisha (Indo)

Isma’il, Fatima (Hajiya), Jamila Isma’il, Rabi Isma’il and my lovely son and

daughters Abdalla Sagir, Nana Fiddausi Abubakar and Hafsat (Momee) Sagir.

Shout-out to my roommates, Aunty Bilki (B2), Aunty Maimu, Aunty

Hauwa, Aunty Xees and Aunty Jamila (J), it’s a pleasure sharing a room

with them.

Lastly, I will like to extend my gratitude to my colleagues at school namely

Jamila Bello, Hauwa’u Ishaq and Maryam Mukhtar and also my gratitude to

the love ones around me who showed much concern and wish me success in

the completion of my studies.

vii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page - - - - - - - - - i

Declaration - - - - - - - - - ii

Abstract - - - - - - - - - viii

Approval Page - - - - - - - - iii

Dedication - - - - - - - - - iv

Acknowledgement - - - - - - - v

Table of Contents - - - - - - - vi

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Background of the Study - - - - - - - 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem - - - - - - - 3

1.3 Significance of the Study - - - - - 5

1.4 Objectives of the Study - - - - - - 6

1.5 Limitation of the Study - - - - - - 6

1.6 Definition of Terms - - - - - - - 6

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review - - - - - - - 9

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 Description of the Study Area - - - - - 19

3.2 Research Design - - - - - - - 20

3.3 Setting and Sampling Techniques - - - - - 21

3.4 Instrument Design - - - - - - - 22

3.5 Method of Data Collection - - - - - - 23

viii
3.6 Technique for Data Analysis - - - - - - 23

3.7 Limitation of the Study - - - - - - 24

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - 25

4.2 Finding, result, presentation, discussion and data analysis - 25

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - 42

5.1 Summary - - - - - - - - 42

5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - 44

5.3 Recommendation - - - - - - - 45

5.4 Suggestion for further research - - - - - 47

Bibliography - - - - - - - - - 48

Appendix I - - - - - - - - - 49

ix
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Family planning as defined by (WHO) in 2012 is deciding to start and

continue having baby with advice from a doctor using contraception until the

time right. Family planning refers to use of modern contraceptives or natural

techniques limits or space pregnancies. Modern method of contraception

include the pills, female and male sterilization, Intra Uterine Devices

(IUDs), injectables, implants, male and female condom, diaphragm and

emergency contraception. Traditional methods include periodic abstinence

withdrawal and folk method (Wharton C. and Blackburn R, 1998). Family

planning can be seen as a practice of controlling the number of children in

family to a specified or limited number. The issue of family planning in

northern Nigeria at large and Maska ward in particular has for long not

receive wide acceptance from many people

(study.com/academy/lesson/family-palnning-definationprogramseffecacy.

html).

There are many reasons for this write-up will attempt to elaborate the

strategic approaches to family planning which in the long run will become

highly acceptable to many people. Many people wish to limit the number of

their family in as much it will not result to abortion or direct killing of the
1
baby or other forms of abnormalities that could result afterwards. However,

the method and strategy to apply is either lacking or too exposed to apply.

Hence this type of people requires a more reasonable and simple way to

adopt (https://en.wikipedia.org.wiki/familyplanning). Even the religion of

Islam as people think did not categorically made family planning a complete

illegal affair because there are some instances where it is allowed

particularly when it is fully established by a doctor that the incoming baby

will be a threat to the existence of another on this regard “The woman can go

to any length to abort it in order to rescue the life of the feeding baby

(https://en.m.wikipedia.org./wikifamily). All these are not being explained to

many women that is why they see it as an abomination. But this write up

will attempt to clearly define the limitation of the religion so that whosoever

wishes to embark upon family planning will not feel that his action is

contradicting his religion and can pursue this ambition whole heartedly

without any fear of offending God.

This write up will attempt to provide suggested ways through which married

women could be enlightened on the approach and procedures of family

planning. Among these ways is enlightenment campaign to be held in houses

by some responsible and respectful women. There is also need of organizing

lectures particularly at the Comprehensive Hospital and Health Centres to

women attending hospitals for ante-natal care (ANC). Group discussions and
2
distribution of posters may also help in this approach possibly mosque

leaders (Imam) could also be of help in their preaching`s particularly on

Fridays so that the information disseminated to husbands can be imported to

their wives.

In some situations the women may agree to embark on family planning but

some men will reject. Situation like this could result to marriage disputes

which is not hoped in this regard the government is supposed to interfere to

save their marriage, by educating the men on the importance attached to

family planning. The matter requires a strategy which will be discussed in

due course.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Many women ignorantly take overdoes (lethal dose) of certain drugs without

any medical advice under the name of family planning. Some drink salt,

herbals of different composition which at the end may result to the

destruction of some of the visceral organs like liver, kidney etc.

This clearly portrays the extent of their ignorance on family planning which

this write-up will attempt to eradicate. The study will also attempt to find out

and set procedures of safe and acceptable ways of family planning that will

be clear direct acceptable ad at the same time improve over the benefits for a

more acceptable.

3
Associated with illiteracy is that the degree of understanding of the issue is

very low. This result to conflicts between couples to responds to the

strategies of the family planning when someone agreed on the ground that

their counter parts in the same house have more children than they have.

This contributes a lot of problems to the degrees of the research work in

many parts of the local government.

There is also problem of poverty that is affecting many women in the area.

Though most of the drugs on family planning are given free of charge, many

women found it difficult to frequent hospitals and the health facilities for

proper counseling suggestion and advice. Many think of the taken amount

they will spend which they do not even have and can supplement other

needs. This problem thus widened the communication gap between the

health officials and house wives particularly those in remote villages.

Another problem lies in the issue of having sufficient data from family

planning in most of the hospitals and health facilities such data if available

could give and guide on:

 Number of people who visited clinic to receive family planning

drugs, injection or any form of contraception.

 Number of women who administered the drugs/injection.

 Responses or reaction obtained after administering

drugs/injection.
4
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this study is enormous because it will focus on the

relevance of the study for academic pursuits as well as assist both men and

women in understanding the benefits and reality associated with family

planning so that a responsible and manageable family can be established in

different houses instead of having nuisance that are undesirable to the family

and community at large with the data to be generated.

It will help people to be more fully versed and acquainted with family

techniques, its benefits and possible shortfalls if any unlike before when it is

wrongly and ignorantly applied. This will in turn improve the qualities of

family planning in our general hospitals and health facilities where in turn

will be accepted by the majority of the peoples.

More important of this study may struggle to fight self family planning by

bringing out clearly. It`s evil and building a more beneficent way of

contacting health personnel wherever there`s need for family planning. For

example many women ignorantly take overdose (Lethal dose) of certain

drugs without any medical advice under the name of family planning. Some

drink salt, herbals of different composition which at the end may result to

the destruction of some of their visceral organs like liver, kidney etc. this

clearly portray the extent of their ignorance on family planning which this
5
write up will attempts to eradicate. The study will also attempt to find out

and set procedures of safe and acceptable ways of family planning that will

be clear direct acceptable and at the same time improve over the benefits for

a more acceptable.

1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1. To enlighten the public on the meaning of family planning.

2. To examine the family planning facilities available.

3. To examine the benefits of family planning in the study area

and the country at large.

4. To identify the barriers attached to the use of family planning

method.

5. To reduce infant mortality rate.

1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The study is confined in some selected areas of Maska ward. It could have

been more useful and relevant to expand my study to at least the Thirty Four

(34) local government of Katsina State, but the study had to be limited to

Maska ward of Funtua local government due to financial problems and time

constraints.

1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Anemia:- a condition in which the number of red blood cells or the

amount of heamoglobin is low average.

6
 Blood pressure:- Is a force or pressure which the blood exertion the
walls of blood vessels in which its in contain. The normal blood pressure
is about 120/80mmhg.
 Breast tenderness:- is the growing breast (by the second) during
pregnancy is also called Ultrasensitive and is one of the most common
symptoms of pregnancy. Usually starting from 4 – 7 weeks.
 Contraceptive:- Any method, such as pills, IUD, form or condom that a
man uses to prevent pregnancy. Also called birth control.
 Ectopic pregnancy:- knows as Tubal pregnancy is a complication of
pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus.
 ECPS (Emergency Contraceptive Pills):- Is any method that acts after
intercourse to prevent pregnancy.
 Effectiveness:- How well an attended result is produced.
 Endometriosis:- Is a condition in which tissue that normally grow inside
the uterus (endometrium) grow outside it. It may occur in the other part
of the body.
 FSH (Follicle Stimulation Hormone):- Is a gonadotropin, a
glycoprotein polypeptide hormone. FSH is synthesized and secreted by
the gonadotrophic cell of the anterio pituitary gland and regulates the
development, growth, puberty, maturation and reproductive process of
the body.
 Hormone:- Are special chemical messengers in the body that are created
in the endocrine glands.
 IUDC (Intra Uterine Device):- Is a small often T-shaped birth control
device that is inserted into a women`s uterus to prevent pregnancy.
 POPs (Progestin-Only Pills):- Are oral contraceptive that contain
synthetic female hormone in the family of progesterone.

7
 PIS (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease):- An infection of the uterus,
fallopian tube or ovaries that often causes infertility.
 STI`s (Sexual Transmitted Infections):- Any disease acquired through
sexual intercourse also called venereal disease e.g Chamydia, Gonorrhea,
Syphilis and HIV/AIDs.
 Systolic blood pressure:- Is when the left ventricle contract and push
blodd into the Aorta, in adult is found to be about 120mmhg.
 Uterine fibroid:- Are benign lumps that grow on the uterus, symptoms
may include heavy periods, cramping, painful sex and urge to urinate.
 USAID (United State Agency for International Development):- Is the
united state government agency which is primarily responsible for
administering civilian foreign aid created by President John F. Kennedy.
 Varicose:- Are veins under the skin of the legs, which have become
widened, bulging and twisted.
 Depo-Provera:- A particular brand name for the injectable contraceptive.
 Nulliparous women:- Is the medical term for a women who has never
given either by choice or for any other reason or women given birth to a
stillborne baby.
 Dizzeness:- A feeling of loss balance often accompanied by nausea.

8
 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter is mainly concern with the abstract writing and saying of others

i.e. authors and experts on a specific textbooks, journals and magazines

which are extracted in line with topic of discussion.

This literature review would be based on the following:

 Family Planning Overview

 Purpose of Family Planning
 Maternal Knowledge on Family Planning
 Sources of Information among Women
 Factors that influence Utilization of Family Planning Services

FAMILY PLANNING OVERVIEW

According to Melinda (2000), family planning is one of the most cost-

effective public health interventions which can significantly improve the

health of women and their families. However, the availability of family

planning services allows individuals to achieve desired birth spacing and

family size and contributes to improved health outcomes for infants,

children, women and families.

Family planning services includes:

9
a. Contraceptive and broader reproductive health services including patient

education and counseling breast and pelvic examinations, breast and

cervical cancer screenings.

b. Pregnancy diagnosis and counseling however, abstinence from sexual

activity is the only 100 percent effective way to avoid unintended

pregnancy. For individual who are sexually active and do not want to

become pregnant or contraceptive use is highly effective methods to

prevent unintended pregnancy include long active reversible

contraceptive pregnancy include long acting reversible contraceptive

such as intraceterine devices.

Family Planning

Look at the number of pregnancies in 100 women using the method over a

period of 1 year. If an unplanned pregnancy would be viewed as potentially

devastation to the individual or couple is simply trying to postpone

pregnancy, but feels that a pregnancy could be welcomed if it occurred

earlier than planned a less effective method may be a responsible choices.

Types/Methods of Family Planning

According to kite (2000) family planning is an organized plan to prevent

unwanted pregnancy and infertility. It also refers to the management and

prevention of sexually transmitted diseases as well as pre-conception. Thus

10
here are the different types of family planning methods that a couple earns

safety use.

1. Male Condoms

Condoms prevent the passage of sperm cells into vagina. It also serve as a

protection against sexually, transmitted diseases such as neissaeria,

gonorrhea and Chlamydia tranchomatis. And through some claims that

condoms can decrease sexual sensation, condom is highly effective

especially to men who are experiencing premature ejaculations.

2. Pills

Pills contain hormones (estrogen and progesterone) that need to be taken

daily in order to avoid pregnancy. Pills are convenient and easy to use and

helps reduces risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer. It is completely

reversible and clinically proven safe. However, pills do not offer protection

to sexually transmitted disease and may cause some side effects.

3. Female Sterilization (Legation)

Safe and simple, legation is a surgical procedure which block or cuts the

fallopian tubes it is a permanent method of contraception and is advisable to

couples who no longer want to have children. It is a single procedure s with

11
life time effect and does not need any repeated clinic visit. And just like

pills, legation does not offer protection against sexual transmitted diseases.

4. Male sterilization (vasectomy)

Conducted in males, males’ sterilization involves a surgical procedure which

cuts or ties the vasdeferen. It is very effective, permanent and safe. It does

not affect the male hormonal function and can even offer increase enjoyment

during intercourse, the process is irreversible and swelling can be felt 2 to 3

days after procedure.

5. Standard Days methods

A type of natural family planning method users of SDM with cycles between

26 to 32 days practice abstinence at day 8 to 19; color coded cycle beads are

used by the couple to mark fertile and infertile days. However, the device

could not be applied to women not to have irregular cycle patterns.

PURPOSE OF FAMILY PLANNING

Family planning emerges to serve several motives, ranges socially related

motives, economics and health reasons, Ibrahim (2006). According to

Delano (1990), state the various purposes which family planning intended to

achieve.

12
Health Reasons

a. Maternal: Next to life “health is the most precious gift, biological

differences dictate that the woman is the child bearer, she is more likely

to develop unique health and social problems connected with

uncontrolled birth of children. The woman who bears too many children

or does not leave enough time between each child bearing tends to suffer

adversely both physical and mentally. She tends to lack the essential

nutrients most vital for the restoration and preservation of health after

each delivery too many small children and she becomes easily tired and

irritable and unable to care for herself properly. She tends to become ill

easily. She is also more prone to having complication during pregnancy

and child birth.

It is therefore very important for a woman to have an interval of 2/2 to 3

years between pregnancies and also stop at 4 to 4 children in order to

avoid unnecessary complications during pregnancy, labour and delivery.

This also enables the woman to have healthy children who stay alive to

play her roles as a mother and wife and also to contribute to national

development. Other women risk losing their lives or producing their lives

or producing abnormal children with birth defects such as mongolism,

heart defects, cleft palate etc.

13
b. Paternal: The effect of too many children on health of the father is very

grave. The father tends to go over work himself in order to provide the

family needs and this result in anxiety, tiredness, general debility, mental

strain and hypertension all of which combine to reduce the father’s

chances of survival of living a normal happy life.

Socioeconomics Reasons

Good living for family is enough reason for family planning. Having many

children is really a great burden that tends to drain the financial resources

which result in poverty drop in standard of living and economic hardship.

Family Welfare Reasons

Investment in good education yields the best interest. Therefore, one of the

greatest and most precious gifts any parent can bestow on their children is

good and sound education. This calls for love, devotion, commitment,

guidance and understanding on the part of responsible parents. Family

planning enables the planned and wanted children to live in comfortable

houses, have necessary care and attention, good care in life, self reliance and

independence. All of which ensure that they grow up to be responsible

citizens.

14
Marital Adjustment Reasons

It is a known fact that marriage is not only for having children but also for

love, companionship, assistance and satisfactory sexual relationship. Family

planning helps to keep the family happy affords the couples the opportunity

and leisure to enjoy each other’s company. Sexual relationship which is the

highest expression of physical love and peculiar to human being would be

fully achieved. The fear of unwanted pregnancy which could lead to

abortion, maternal death and psychological stress would be avoided.

Community and National Welfare Reasons

The role of family planning in the development of any community or nation

cannot be overemphasized. Some nations have allowed sentiments to

prevent their nationals from recognizing the importance of family planning

in nation building. When the population increases fast, the provision of

social amenities like housing, good health services, education, water,

electricity, employment and improved technology cannot meet the needs of

the people, the economics problem which now plaque the developing

countries could have been partly minimized if steps had been taken to

educate the masses about the consequences of a rapidly growing population.

It is important therefore, family planning is considered in order to attain

stability.
15
MATERNAL KNOWLEDGE ON FAMILY PLANNING

Acquiring knowledge about fertility control is an important step towards

gaining access to contraceptive methods and using a suitable method in a

timely and effective matter. In 2002-2003, Indonesia Demographic and

health survey (DHS) data on knowledge of family planning methods were

obtained by first asking the respondents to name ways that a couple can use

to delay or avoid a pregnancy or birth. The record showed that the most

widely known methods among ever married and currently married women

are Injectables and pills (97% and 96% respectively) About two in ten of

both women and men know at least one traditional method. Other family

planning methods such as IUD 87%, lactating amenorrhea method 20%,

diaphragm 12% are the least known methods both ever married and

currently married women.

According to Radulovic et-al, 2006, in which the study included 1584

women, aged 15-49, living in municipality of NIS 98 with primary

education, 1080, with secondary education and 389 with higher degree. It

showed that most of the interviewers with higher degree gave the best

definition.

16
SOURCES OF INFORMATION AMONG WOMEN

Most of the interviewers reported that their source of information about

contraception was ANC clinics and electronic media. The interviewees

mostly choose a condom as the most efficient method of contraception. One

third of the women with primary education estimate their knowledge as

unsatisfactory which makes the highest percentage.

The women with primary education use less protection from unwanted

pregnancy than women with secondary and higher degree. The greatest

number who chose traditional method of contraception comes from the

group of interviewees with primary education. The greatest number of

interrupted pregnancies has primary education.

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE USE OF FAMILY PLANNING

SERVICES

According to study conducted in Pakistan, researchers found that 76% of

husbands and 66% of wives feared that God would become angry if they

practiced FP (population council 1997) FP methods may challenge bro

cultural beliefs, e.g. women I some societies believe it is healthy to

menstruate monthly and therefore refused to use Injectables because it result

into irregular bleeding/spotting or amenorrhea (Makundi, 2001).Class,

ethnicity, status, age and gender all shape clients’ experiences with FP and
17
reproductive health services. Clients may fear disrespectful or discrimination

treatment. A study in Jordan, women in urban areas reported that clients who

“looked better” received better information from clinic staffs (Mawajdeh,

1995). A study in Bangladesh and Nepal found that providers gave the least

information and disrespectful treatment to the poorest, least educated

(Scholar and Hossain, 1998) .According to another study conducted in

Cambodia, some women said lack of money was the main obstruction to

obtaining health care. (National institute of statistics and ORC Marco

2000).Many women cannot easily get to clinics, which are often apart, if

transportation is available, travelling alone, may not be socially accepted for

women. Some women may prefer to travel to far places if they feel those

facility offer better services. A study conducted in Nigeria 40% of women

interviewed did not attend clinic nearest their homes. (Makundi, 2001).in

summary according to a study by National coordinating agency for

population and development (2010),identified various contributory factors to

unmet needs of family planning which were: Fertility-related issues,

Opposition to use by partner, Lack of knowledge and Method-related.

18
 CHAPTER THREE:

METHODOLOGY
3.1 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA

Maska is a ward in Funtua Local Government Area of Katsina State,

Nigeria. Maska area lies between latitude 110 19’ 0”N and longitude 70 20”

7.23’E and the name Maska it’s originated from (with diacritics) is Maska.

Maska area boarded to the south-west by Dandume Local Government Area,

and to the south by Kaduna State. Maska town is about 53 kilometers north

of Zaria and 20 kilometers south of Funtua, and also about 126 kilometers

south of Kankia. It`s territorial extent varied overtime and known differently

as Maska region, Maska area, district, etc. as time changes and

circumstances warranted. It was known for instance, as Maska region in the

middle ages, as Maska area in caliphal epoch, Maska district in the colonial

period and Maska village unit in the post-colonial period.

The area is an open, rolling Savannah plain 1,500 feet about sea level broken

occasionally by thickly wooden water-courses with a number of Inselbergs

coming out prominently above the plains. The soil of the area is dark clay-

loamy type generally known as Laka. The average annual rainfall of the area

is between 40 – 50 inches. Series of watersheds of the river exist flowing in

all directions. Some of which form broad marshes which gives excellent

pasturage for cattle all the year round and rich soils for farming. A

19
prominent feature of the area is the existence of several food and economic

trees such as locust bean (Dorawa), Sheanut (Kadanya), Boabab (Kuka),

Tamarind (Tsamiya), Ebony (Kanya), Mahogany (Madachi), to mention but

a few.

The total population of Maska was 15,000 among which there were 2,700

children less than 5years, 1,200 boys and 2,000 were girls and there were

three health facilities and 4,100 houses in the community (National

Population Census, 2006).

The majority and most popular ethnic group of the area are Fulani and Hausa

(Maska District Head`s Office). All the indigenes of the area are Muslims,

and there are Christian settlers.

The people of Maska ward are mostly farmers; others include Businessmen,

civil servants and driving especially among youth. Maska ward that has a

conducive land for farming agricultural products like, maize, guinea corn,

beans, soya beans and fresh vegetables especially during dry season.

3.2 STUDY DESIGN

Conducting accurate and meaningful survey is one of the most important

facts of family planning research. The survey research design is very

valuable tool for assessing planning issue.

In gathering the information during this research questionnaires were

distributed to different respondents and sampling techniques also be made in

20
which only group of mothers (female) were chosen to answer the survey

question.

Survey research: Is a commonly used method of collecting information

about a population of interest. There are many different types of surveys,

several ways to administer them; those are two features of survey research.

Questionnaires: A predefined series of question used to collect information

from individuals.

Sampling: A technique in which a subgroup of the population is selected to

answer the survey questions: the information collected can be generalized to

the entire population on interest.

3.3 STUDY SETTING AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Though different sampling method exists, random sampling was used in the

research for so many reasons. In the first place, it is a means of ensuring that

every member of the populations stands equal chance of being chosen. It is

also a means of ensuring that of the populations stands equal chance of being

chosen. It also a means of ensuring more reliable research facts compared to

other procedures like cluster, stratified and guitar sampling procedure which

have their own shortcomings.

For example under the stratified sampling procedure, the population to be

studied has variation in its characteristics like, sex, age. While in cluster

system a lot of sampling errors exist. This is due to the fact that numbers of
21
objects have to be chosen randomly from a list of issues and then members

in the sample have to be included. Under the Quota sampling only a quota of

the population is used. And since the researcher wants be as accurate as

possible in his work, the quota sampling will not give a wider view of the

issue.

3.4 INSTRUMENT DESIGN

In order to have a satisfactory research, finding two different forms of

instruments or method were adopted. They were as follows:

 Administering of questionnaires
 Interviews (face to face)
Under the administering of questionnaires the close-ended and open-ended

approached were adopted. The former was done to facilitate easy means by

which while the later was to enable respondents to freely say their views on

the issues asked. The questioned was issued to different category of women

age of (18years to above) and some men, the form of responses received

were all discussed.

The personal interview was adopted to provide me with the opportunity to

discuss those issues that have not been included in the questionnaires for one

reason or the others. It also assisted in providing full understanding of

information through having direct contact with the respondent. So his

22
expressions and emotional display provides visual and auditory clues to

different issues and problems which might be lacking in the questionnaires.

3.5 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

The various data gathered through issuing of questionnaire and interview

will have to be fully analyzed if only they have to become relevant. How this

analysis is done needs to be explained. These various data will have to be

arranged in a tabular form so that they become meaningful. This data

tabulation formed basis for reducing and simplifying the details given into

such a form that the main features were brought out to make the assemble

data easily understood. Thus tabulation of data facilitates easy comparison of

information at different instance in Maska Ward.

3.6 TECHNIQUE FOR DATA ANALYSIS

The new data which were obtained from the respondents in the area of study

were converted to simple percentage and eventually applied as shown in

formula below:

Formula: X2 = (ad – bc )2m

klmn

Gender Responses Total

Yes No
MALE A B k
FEMALE C D l
TOTAL M N m

3.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

23
The study is confined in some selected areas of Maska ward. It could have

been more useful and relevant to expand my study to at least the Thirty Four

(34) local government of Katsina State, but the study had to be limited to

Maska ward of Funtua local government due to financial problems and time

constraints.

CHAPTER FOUR
24
 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

To make this work a reality, different categories of people were interviewed;

questionnaires were administered and different information were gathered

from the different sources, this provided me with different views of the

respondents which could only be relevant and useful if properly analyzed

and tabulated were necessary. It is also through the data presentation and

analysis that the various hypotheses could be tested and a conclusion of their

effectiveness or otherwise be drawn.

Different questionnaires were designed and distributed. Questionnaires was

directed to people in the area in order to help in identifying the ways and

views of suggesting means by which those identified problems could be

solved.

For the purpose of clarity of each items in each of the questionnaires is

analyzed taking into consideration the number and different views of the

respondents and at the same time drawing conclusion on each of the issues

required doing so on. Two hundred (200) questionnaires were distributed to

different categories of women from age of (18years to above) and some

men.

4.2 AGE, SEX, MARITAL STATUS AND OCCUPATION

25
This is very crucial in identifying and determining what individuals people

were respondents in terms of nature of their thinking and maturity. Nature of

responsibilities as well as extent to which these responsibilities are

shouldered out of 200 respondents 130 were females and 70 males, while 10

are between 18-20years, 25 between 21 – 30 years, 15 between 31 – 40 and

10 are 40 years to above and 15 males and 25 females were married, 10

males and 15 females were single while 20 females were divorced and 6

males and 9 females were separated. Among them 45 are farmers, 35 were

civil servant, 75 house wives, 40 business men and women 25 on other

business.

4.3 Educational Qualification

Option Number of respondents Percentage %

Primary 20 10%
Secondary 90 45%
Tertiary 75 37.5%
Islamic/Qur’anic 5 2.5
Others 10 5
Total 200 100%

Most of the respondents had acquired secondary certificate they amounted to

about 45% and 20 are primary certificate holders and constitute 10%, 5

amounted 2.5% who were Qur’anic certificate holders, 75 were tertiary

certificate holders they amounted 37.5%, the remaining 10 are 5% who are

others.

4.4 Religion
26
Option Number of respondents Percentage %
Islam 179 89.5%
Christianity 15 3%
Traditional 6 3
Others - -
Total 200 100%

Majority of the respondents were Muslim and constitute 89.5% followed by

Christian; 7.5%, traditions are 3% and others non.
4.5 Have you heard about family planning?

Option Number of respondents Percentage %

Yes 120 60%
No 80 40%
Total 200 100%

This table shows the number of respondents that have knowledge of family

planning and their response (Yes) amounted 60% and 40% said (No).

4.6 What does it mean to you?

Option Number of respondents Percentage %

Delivering small 20 10%
children
Child spacing 75 37.5%
Using contraceptives 90 45%
Others 15 7.5%
Total 200 100%

The highest number of respondent was those using contraceptive amounting

45%. They were followed by those with child spacing 37.5, delivery with

10% and than others.

4.7 What do you thinks is a reason of family planning?

Option Number of respondents Percentage %

To have children as I wish 40 20%
27
To stop bearing children 50 25%
Decrease unwanted pregnancy 70 35%
Others 10 5%
Total 200 100%

The above table is showing the opinion of respondents on the reason of

family planning where majority said it is to decrease un – wanted pregnancy

and occupied about 35% then followed by those with to stop hearing

children and amounted 35% followed by, to have children as I wish 20% and

also to decrease maternal mortality 10% than 5% to others.

4.8 What are the sources of information on family planning?

Option Number of respondents Percentage %

Television 10 5%
Friends 60 30%
Health facilities 80 40%
Radio 40 20%
Others 10 5%
Total 200 100%

Majority of respondents heard about family planning in health facility they

were occupied 40%, followed by friends 30%, other 5%, television 5%,

radio 20%.

4.9 Did you know any family planning method?

Option Number of respondents Percentage %

Yes 130 65%
No 70 35%
Total 200 100%

28
This table shows the response on awareness of respondents on family

planning methods where (Yes) occupied large number of response they were

65% and 35% (No) responses.

4.10 If yes which of the methods are you likely to use?

Option Number of respondents Percentage %

Condom 45 22.5%
Oral pills 15 7.5%
Injectables 20 10%
Natural methods 25 12.5%
Total 200 100%

This table is representing the types of methods that respondents are likely to

use where condom occupied highest amount of response which amounted to

47.5%, followed by use of condom with 22.5%, natural method 12.5%,

injectables 10% and then oral pills 7.5%.

4.11 Are male parents really involved and accept family planning in

your community?

Almost all the respondents have remarked that the male parents are not

involving and accepting family planning and they accounted about 70% and

30% of the responded were of the opinion on that they are accepting and

involving.

4.12 If No why?

Option Number of respondents Percentage %

Cultural attitude 55 27.5%
Social development 45 22.5%
Religion 70 35%
29
Others 30 15
Total 200 100%

Most of the respondents are with religious reasons, who amounted 35%

followed by cultural attitudes 27.5%, social development 22.5%, other 15%.

4.13 Dow you think parent that accept family planning have their

genuine reason for accepting it?

Majority of the respondents remarked (Yes) and others (No) they amounted

to the following percentage.

Yes – 70%

No – 30%

Total responses 100%

4.14. If yes for what reason?

Option Number of respondents Percentage %

Child spacing 70 35%
Health condition 35 17.5%
Economic development 15 7.5%
Others 80 40
Total 200 100%

This is shows the reasons of parents that are accepting family planning

where the majority are with others who amounted to 40% than child spacing

35%, health condition 17.5% and also 7.5% to economic development.

4.15 Do you wish to keep more than four (4) children?

30
In this regard the respondents particularly those directly interviewed had the

wish to have more than four (4) children they amounted to 70% and 30% to

those with (No) response.

4.16 If yes why?

Option Number of respondents Percentage %

Just like that 20 10%
Children are a pride 40 20%
To help meloten I grow older 135 67.5%
To occupy the house 5 2.5%
Total 200 100%

This shows the response of those that wish to keep more than (4) children in

their life where they stated their reason in which majority of the response

comes on to help me when I grow older and they occupy 67.5% followed by

those with, just like that and amounted about 10% children are pride 20%

and to occupy the house amounted 2.5% respectively.

4.17 Do you believe that too many children in one family is a burden?

Option Number of respondents Percentage %

Yes 150 75%
No 50 25%
Total 200 100%

This table shows the responses on the view of the people about too many

children in one house in which Yes response occupied 75% and No.

amounted 25%.

4.18 If yes what are the problems?

Option Number of respondents Percentage %

31
Infertility 80 40%
Weight gain 25 12.5%
Sexual dis-satisfaction 30 15%
Loss of libido 20 10%
Others 45 22.5%
Total 200 100%

Majority of the respondents occupied 40% on infertility, others 22.5%,

sexual dissatisfaction 15%, weight gain 12.5%, Loss of Libido 10%.

4.19 Is there any significant difference between males that accept or

reject family planning?

Option Number of respondents Percentage %

Yes 113 56.5%
No 87 43.5%
Total 200 100%

Majority of the respondents agreed (Yes) occupying 56.5% and (No)

amounted 43.5%.

4.20 If yes what is there relationship?

Option Number of respondents Percentage %

To reduce the population growth 120 60%
To increase the population growth 50 25%
Others 30 15%
Total 200 100%

Response made on the relationship of those who accept and those who reject

family planning reads as follows. The respondents to reduce the population

growth amounted 60%, followed by to increase the population growth which

amounted to 25%, others were 15%.

32
4.21 Have you ever attempted family planning in your husband’s

house?

The respondents particularly females have remarked on (Yes) and other

were made (No) respond, they all amounted to the following percentages.

Yes – 51%
No – 49%
Total – 100%
4.22 Did you wish to initiate if from now?

Option Number of respondents Percentage %

Yes 130 65%
No 70% 35
Total 200 100%

Yes response occupied 65% of the respondent while 35% of the respondent

response (No).

4.23 What did you think will be the response of your husband towards

adopting family planning?

Option Number of respondents Percentage %

He will like it 42 21%
He does not want it at all 53 26.5%
He has no choice 35 17.5%
Others 70 45%
Total 200 100%

This table shows the views of the respondents on the response of their

husbands about adopting family planning were majority of them are others

with 45%, followed by those that does not want it at all, they amounted to

26.5%, then he likes it 21% and 17.5% he does not want it at all.

33
4.24 What did you think is the advantages of family planning?

Option No. of respondents Percentage %

It makes mothers to become more 67 33.5%
healthier
It destroys the womb 28 14
It stops women from getting pregnant 57 28.5%
It assists in child spacing resulting in 48 24%
having a more reasonable and
responsible children
Total 200 100%

Majority of respondents made responses on to make mother to become more

healthier which occupied 33.5%, followed by to stop women from getting

pregnant which amounted to 28.5% to assist in child spacing amounted to

24% then to destroy the womb amounted 14%.

4.25 What did you think is the possible effects of self family planning?

Option Number of respondents Percentage %

It can lead to death 83 41.5%
Increases well being 25 12.5%
To prevent STDs 50 25%
Others 40 21%
Total 200 100%

This table shows the response on effect that self family planning can cause

in which majority were on the view that, it can lead to death and amounted

to 41.5%, followed by to prevent sexually transmitted disease occupied 25%,

others amounted 21%, to increase well being amounted to 12.5%.

4.26 As a woman can you still practice family planning if your husband

rejects it?
34
Option Number of respondents Percentage %
Yes 79 39.5%
No 121 60.5%
Total 200 100%

60.5% of the respondents chose on (No) and 39.5% chose (Yes).

4.27 If yes why?

Option Number of respondents Percentage %

Because it will help my health 67 33.5%
condition
To reduce unwanted pregnancy 38 19%
Because it has many advantages 83 41.5%
Others 12 6%
Total 200 100%

Because it has many advantages amounted to 41.4%, followed by, because it

will help me and amounted 33.5%, to reduce unwanted pregnancy 19%,

others occupied 6%.

4.28 If I should tell you the reasons of family planning will you agree to

start?

Option Number of respondents Percentage %

Yes 123 61.5%
No 77 38.5%
Total 200 100%

Majority of the respondents among 200 respondents remarked (Yes) and

occupied 61.5% and 38.5 where (No), this shows that family planning

acceptability will be increased up to 70% if the people of the community

were organized and health educated.

35
4.29 Is there any importance of contacting health personnel in the issue

of family planning?

Option Number of respondents Percentage %

Yes 120 60%
No 80 40%
Total 200 100%

Majority of the respondents remarked on Yes and amounted 60%, No

amounted 40%.

Findings/Discussion

This research work was based on six (6) different hypotheses or assumptions

which were tested in order to arrive at a conclusion as to whether these

stated assumption were correct or wrong based on the information obtained

from the respondents on the questionnaire issued as well as the different

interviews and personal observation gathered.

Hypotheses 1: This hypothesis states that majority of women have already

develop fear of adopting family planning for one reason or the other. Based

on the available information gathered from the respondents it has been

discovered that the fear of not accepting of fearing family planning methods

rest mostly on two reasons – (1) religious and - (2) Health. The religious

reasons is based on the fear that whosever on the availability of family

planning methods between Maska ward metropolis and for example

Nasarawa “A” which is a village falls within Maska ward. In the metropolis

36
there existed a lot of chemists and health facilities. There is also issue of

neighborhood with Community Comprehensive Health Centre Maska where

exist a unit of family planning with qualified and dedicated staff that are

always ready to perform their activities on the people effectively unlike in

these facilities are lacking greatly. So it has been establish in the research

that majority of women in the rural areas compared with what is obtainable

inside the main town of Maska ward in particular.

Hypothesis 2: This hypothesis states that accessibility to family planning

pills and other methods are very limited in rural areas where the issue of

birth rate has become so much pronounced and fully accepted. The

hypothesis can stand when you make a point of comparison of the

availability of family planning methods between Maska ward metropolis and

Nasarawa “A” village which falls within the Maska ward. In the metropolis

there exist many chemist and health facilities while in the village they are

lacking.

Hypotheses 3: Issues of poverty, inability to educate children, inability to

carter for their welfare and health in rural area has become rampant to the

extent that majority of people cannot accept it as a reason to limit the

number of their children.

The available information gathered in the questionnaires distributed has not

shown any fear of limiting children from the side of most men and women
37
base on economic hardship. The already established fact that “Allah

provides” has already dominated the minds of many people to the extent that

they are not seeing any ill in keeping large number of family, with this

article ration it is vividly clear that the hypotheses sand. But as a matter of

fact people should change their attitudes on limits the number of their

children based on so many reasons. The worst situation is that people are

keeping number of children they cannot fully carter for. The end result

therefore is that majority of people are becoming nuisance to the society,

their family and the country at large.

Hypotheses 4: This states that even in Maska metropolis where there is high

number of literate women, the issue of some men having more than one wife

has curtailed the effect of some women to accept family planning. This is

because women on having children more than their counterparts for reasons

best known to them. This resulted of crisis among the women and their

acceptance of family planning in some homes.

The research has revealed that the reasons why majority of men and women

do not accept family planning are the feeling that when they grow old the

children will assist them and take care of them. This hypotheses stands

though with must women the reasons that are in most cases not pronounced

but in reality they exist, for example there is issue of inheritance in situation

where the man dies and left the women. There is also the issue of
38
domination because in a polygamous house a lot of women wish to dominate

the house and this is only possible when the woman has more children than

her colleagues.

Hypotheses 5: This hypothesis states that religion of Islam has played a

great role in reducing under the acceptance of family planning. They believe

that one is offending God is so much playing role in the minds of people to

the extent that they do not mind to keep any number of children irrespective

of their deplorable condition.

When this hypotheses is tested it reveals that majority of people are with the

opinion that children are gifts of God and should be welcomed at any

moment. The fear of accepting family planning is further aggravate by the

saying of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) that “Marry and generate

far, I will be proud of you in the hereafter”.

Despite the above there is need for people to ready understand that it is their

responsibility to take care of their children fully. And in situation where they

fail to they should be ready to bear the consequences in the hereafter.

Summary

Conclusively, this chapter deals with data presentation and its analysis. It is

a very sensitive area of the whole project because it deals directly with the

information obtained from the respondents on the various aspects of the

39
family planning. The questionnaires has been distributed and answered by

the respondents such a way that the respondents are given free hand to say

their views on the issue of family planning. All efforts have also been

employed to see that no questionnaire is lost or its information fabricated.

All the data’s collected have been tabulated and analyzed where necessary

based on the research topic. And the various assumptive made in chapter

positions clearly ascertained.

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

5.0 INTRODUCTION

40
The last chapter of this research work that consist of re-statement of the

problem, summary of the finding, implication, recommendation, conclusion

limitation, and suggestion for further research in it various findings were

summarized, conclusion was made and recommendation to guide for future

study and effect changes in the present study where necessary are made. As

part of conclusion it was discovered that the issue of family planning is

facing a lot of challenges in terms of not accepting it from the different part

of the community particularly in Maska ward.

5.1 SUMMARY

The research work tried to involve every aspect of family planning in it

because it is hoped that some changes will come up from the people of

Maska ward in Funtua local government after having access to this research

work.

The whole work was divided into five different section named as chapters,

one consist of the objectives which formed the back born of the whole study

are clearly identified and discussed. The objective includes making the

people to know what family planning is, the various reasons for adopting it

and the different forms of approaches to enable the people be conversant

with family planning and relevance. This chapter also consists of the

summary of the research questions that directed the minds of the people on

the entire study. The chapter also indentified and discusses the statement of
41
 problems. The objective of study importance of study, research hypothesis

limitation of study, these are served as a guide in the write – up and provided

a basis for a comprehensive and constructive study of the research work.

The second chapter which is mainly literature review that is analysis,

expansive and elaboration of what has so far existed on the issue as other

writers’ views has been discussed. This includes textbooks, magazines,

journals etc. the definition of family planning, types of family planning,

advantages and disadvantages of family planning methods and its benefit as

well as the different reasons to support family planning in Funtua Local

Government and Maska ward in particular. The chapter also provided a basis

for future research work on related and similar work.

Chapter three focuses on the procedure or pattern followed in the research

work. This simply refers to what is called research methodology. In this

research work two methods have been adopted and were found very much

suitable and reliable, these methods are:

i. Administering of questionnaire

ii. Interviews

How each of the methods was applied and adopted has been fully explained

in the chapter.

The next chapter which is chapter four (4) dealt with what is called data

presentation and data analysis. In this chapter, the various information

42
obtained from the respective respondents of the questionnaires issued were

arranged in table form and each information well analyzed in this regards the

different oral sources have become fully documented this chapter also

provided an opportunity of testing the earlier established hypothesis with

the position of each hypothesis well ascertained.

The fifth (5) chapter which is the last contains three important aspects which

are summary, conclusion and recommendation. In it, the different

information or ideas obtained were summarized, conclusion made and

various recommendations to serve as a guide for future study as clearly

stated.

5.2 CONCLUSION

The issue of family planning in Nigeria as a whole and in Maska ward in

particular will contrive to receive a lot of challenges particularly the Ulamas

and those wishing to keep too many family that are beyond their ability to

cater for their welfare in the respective chapters earlier discussed family

planning simply means the act of limiting the number of one children and

the intervals between their birth particularly by means of contraceptives or

voluntary sterilization. The different types of family planning methods were

discussed, their reliability or otherwise as well as their advantages and dis-

advantages have also been analyzed and discussed. Attempt have also been

made to state out clearly to those women the dangers associated with self
43
family planning. This refers to some category of women particularly the

illiterates habit they drink herbs, salt and other unrecognized items that are

destructive to their health in the name of attempting to plan their family.

In the end they exposed themselves to different dangers that usually result to

their death or making them incapacitated. Advisedly women should shun

from this act and always consult a family planning expert anytime they wish

to undergo it.

As part of the conclusion women and their husbands should be ready to

adopt family planning in their houses and should also be tolerant of

whatever will be fall them favorable or unfavorable in as much as they want

to succeed whatever form of problem one encounters in the process it is a

matter of time and the problem will sooner or later be over.

5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS

The issue of family planning is a very sensitive one, since its introduction to

the present time. However, in our present life situation there is great need to

adopt it nationwide to overcome a lot of social and economic problems that

are everyday affecting our daily life and we cannot provide solutions on

them.

The following are therefore the different recommendations.

In the first instance I recommended that the issue of family planning in

Nigeria in general should receive a serious legal backing. Parent should be

44
made to limit the number of their children instead of allowing them to

deliver rampantly and produce the number of children that they cannot

shoulder their responsibilities.

 It is recommended that religious leaders should stop being one sided in

their preaching. They should touch the “both sides of the coin” majority

of them will preach that prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said “Marry and

generate for I will be proud of you in the hereafter” instead of keeping

quite from here they should further preach that the responsibilities

(eating, feeding, clothing, education, shelter, moral upbringing), of all

these children are yours and if you fail to do it you will face the wrath of

God.

 Strong and effective family planning clinics should be established

possibly in different wards. The health personnel should be responsible

for advising and monitoring those on family planning whether

injectables, pills or on other methods. Their frequent supervision,

suggestion and advice will increase the number of people wishing to

embark on family planning.

 Any parent who has children and failed to take proper care of him should

be summarily dealt with. This will greatly reduce the number of beggars

and other dependants whose parents have failed to take their

responsibility as expected by god.

45
5.4 SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

It could have been more useful and relevant to expand my study to at least

the 34 Local Government of Katsina State but due to some other problems

the research work is limited to only Maska village under Funtua Local

Government Area but if the researchers can conduct similar research on

other remaining areas and Local Government using a large sample, the study

is expected to come up with the research work that will meet the

requirement.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anonymous vaginal spermicides by med letther 1986 p13-16

Centers for disease control (CDC) center for health promotion and education

division method and practice by Allanta Georgia 1983.

Community development through self-help effort. A case study of Maska

Area Development Association (MADA), 1989, p. 38-44.

46
Family planning training for physicians and nurses/midwives by Federal

ministry of health April, 2005

Male and female sterilization: Long term health consequences by Pollack

AE 1993, p1-8

NAK Kat proof, 1286 Maska District Notes, p. 11 and Nak Kat proof 1/1/4,

Maska District Notebook, p.3

Services providers guides to family planning by John Hopkins 1996.

Sexual and reproductive health and right by African Union commission,

2006.

UNESCO – EOLSS sample chapters Vol. I family planning and

reproductive health by Igbai H. Shah 2005.

Wharton C. and Blackburn R. lower dose pills population, series A No. 7

John Hopkins University population information program Baltimore

Maryland. USA, November 1988. p32.

QUESTIONNAIRE

Katsina State College of

Health Sciences, School
of Health Technology
Kankia, Department of
Environmental Health.
Dear respondent,

47
I am a Public Health Student of the aforementioned institution currently

undertaking research work on Appraising the Attitude of People Toward the

Use of Family Planning Services at Maska Ward, Funtua Local Government

Katsina State. The information supplied here are strictly confidential

therefore I need your maximum cooperation and please tick ( ) as

appropriate.

SECTION A (BIO-DATA)

Age: 18 – 25 ( ), b. 26-33 ( ), c. 34-49 ( ), d. 50 and above ( )

Sex: a. Male ( ), b. Female ( )

Marital Status: a. Married ( ), b. Divorced ( ), c. Single ( ), d. Separated ( )

Occupation: a. Farming ( ), b. Petty trading ( ), c. Civil Servant ( ), d.

Business ( ) e. House wife ( ), f. Others specify ( )

Educational Qualification: a. primary ( ). b. tertiary education ( ) c.

secondary ( ). d. Islamic or Qur’anic ( ) e. others specify ( )

Religion: a. Islam ( ). b. Traditional ( ) d. Christianity ( ). d. Other

specify

SECTION ‘B’ KNOWLEDG OF FAMILY PLANNING

1. Have you heard about family planning?
a. Yes ( ). b. No ( )
2. If yes what does it mean to you?
a. Child spacing ( ), b. Using contraceptives ( ) b. Delivering small number
of children ( ) d. Others specify…………………………………

48
3. What did you think is a reason of family planning?
a. To have children as I wish ( ) b. To stop bearing children ( ) c.
Decrease maternal mortality ( ) d. To decrease unwanted pregnancy ( ) e.
Others specify …………………………..
4. What are the sources of information on family planning?
a. Radio ( ) b. Friends ( ) c. Television d. Health facilities d. others
specify ………………………….
5. Do you know any family planning method? a. Yes ( ) b. No ( )
6. If yes which of the methods are you likely to use?
a. Use of condom ( ) b. Use oral pills ( ) c. Injectables ( ) d. Natural
method ( ) e. Others specify ( )
7. Are male parents really involved and accept family planning in your
community? a. Yes ( ). b. No ( )
8. If no why?
a. Cultural ( ) b. Social development ( ) c. Religious ( ) d. Others specify
9. Do you think parents that accept family planning have their genuine
reasons for accepting it? a. Yes ( ), b. No ( )
10.If yes, for what reasons?
a. Child spacing ( ) b. Health condition ( ) c. Economic development ( )
d. Others specify ( )
11.Do you wish to keep more than (4) four children? a. Yes ( ), b. No ( )
12.If yes why?
a. Just like that ( ) b. Children are a pride ( ) c. To help me when I grow
older ( ) d. To occupy the house
13.Do you believe that too many children in one family are a burden?
a. Yes ( ), b. No ( )
14.If yes what are the problem?
a. Infertility ( ) b. Weight gain ( ) c. Sexual dissatisfaction ( ) d. Loss of
libido ( ) e. Others specify………………………………………….
15.Is there any significant difference between males that accept or reject
family planning? a. Yes ( ), b. No ( )
16.If yes, what is there relationship?

49
a. To reduce the population growth ( ) b. To increase the population growth ( )
c. Others specify ……………………………
17.Have you ever attempted family planning in your husband’s house?
a. Yes ( ) b. No ( )
18.Do you wish to initiate it from now? a. Yes ( ) b. No ( )
19.What do you think will be the response of your husband toward adopting
family planning?
a. He will like it ( ) b. He doesn’t want it at all ( ) c. He has no choice ( )
d. Other specify …………………………………….
20.What did you think is the advantages of family planning?
a. It makes mothers become healthier. ( ) b. It destroys the womb ( ) c. It
stops women from having pregnancy longer ( ) d. It assist in child spacing
resulting to having a more reasonable and responsible children ( )
21.What did you think is the possible effect of self family planning?
a. Can lead to death ( ) b. Increase well being ( ) c. May prevent sexual
transmitted infection ( ) d. Others specify…………………………………
22.You as women can you still practice family planning, if your husband
rejects it? a. Yes ( ) b. No ( )
23.If yes why?
a. Because it will help me ( ) b. To reduce unwanted pregnancy ( ) c.
Because it has many advantages ( ) d. Others specify ……………………
24.If I should tell you the importance of family planning will you agree to
start? a. Yes ( ) b. ( )
25. Is there any importance of contacting health personnel on the issue of
family planning? a. Yes ( ) b. No ( )

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