There is still a need to study Rizal in college.

We are ● Respectful
obliged. Objective: To know him more and have
appreciation/respect for him. Rizal as a hero and a Criteria in Choosing the Philippine National Hero
person. His writings (Noli me Tangere El Filibusterismo). ● Filipino citizen
● Patriot/nationalist
Letter for Trinidad (sister): you should strive to read and ● Has already been dead
read, and learn. ○ For the life of the person to be concluded; para
makagawa ng talambuhay easier; there might
What is Republic Act 1425 or Rizal Law? be possibility na their name/reputation will be
● House Bill No. 5561 tainted while living after already being elevated
● Senate Bill No. 438. as a hero.
● It is commonly known as the Rizal Act, established ● Patient
on 12th of June 1956 by Senator Claro M. Recto.
● It requires the curricula of private and public Personalities Nominated to be our National Hero
schools, colleges and universities courses to ● Marcelo H. del Pilar
include works and writings of Jose Rizal, ● Emilio Jacinto
particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El ● Graciano Lopez-Jaena
Filibusterismo. (study its context) ● Antonio Luna
● It was made effective on August 16, 1956. Mylene
Gado Almario Issues about the Proclamation of Dr. Jose Rizal as
National Hero
Rizal Law (Republic Act No. 1425) 1. He was the illegitimate son of Adolf Hitler
As stated in the preamble of RA 1425/Rizal Law; 2. He should not be proclaimed as the national hero
● “Whereas, today more than other period f or because of his cowardice to fight the colonizers
history, there is a need for a re-dedication to the through revolution.
ideals of freedom and nationalism for which our 3. He was regarded as an ―American-made hero.
heroes lived and died.” a. First Philippine Commission was formed by
● “Whereas, all educational institutions are under the the United States President headed by the
supervision of, and subject to regulation by the American Governor-General William Howard
State, and all schools are enjoined to develop c. Taft.
moral character, personal discipline, civic b. Declaration of Dr. Jose Rizal as our national
conscience, and to teach the duties of citizenship.” hero was only their strategy to hinder our
Mylene Gado Almario nationalistic feelings.
● The law requires all schools, colleges, universities,
private or public to include in their curricula Philippines: Spanish Period
courses on the life and works of Rizal. It also sates ● Emergence of political unrest in Spanish Politics
that all schools are required to have an adequate 1. It started during the reign of King Ferdinand
number of copies of the copies of the original and VII
unexpurgated editions of El Filibusterismo and Noli 2. Spanish political instability resulted to frequent
Me Tangere, as well as other works and shifts of colonial policies and unfixed terms of
biographies of Rizal. government officials in the Philippines.
● The purpose of Batas Rizal is to rekindle the flame ● Representation in the Spanish Cortes
of nationalism in the hearts of the Filipino, ● Deprivation of Human Rights to the Filipino
particularly the youth. We are forgetting what our ● Corrupt Spanish Official
patriots have done and given to fight for our ● Inequality
freedom. ● Racial Discrimination
● Land ownership and Feudalism
Factors in Determining of a Person / Good Citizen
● Just
● Patient
● Courageous
● Bearer of Wisdom
Sept. 23, 2021
Republic Act No. 1425 Official Gazette Removed compulsion, but still implied that his writings
https://pjacintoblog.wordpress.com/portfolio/pi10-a-brief-his should be read because the true purpose of studying rizal
tory/ will be defeated...
Rizal hates some persons inside catholicism/within the
Republic Act No. 1425 (1956, June 12, The Rizal Law) catholic church, he doesn’t hate Catholicism/not an
Life and works of rizal should be materialized anti-catholic itself. He favors other priests.
All the power, dreams is given to the youth through the ● Maltreatment from friars who were
Rizal Law exiled/rejected/”patapon”.
The main participants are the youth. Sen. Jose P. Laurel ○ They have a case in Spain.
sponsored/made this Law to make sure that it will be ○ Not punished in ph, but rewarded
realized for the youth to use as a part of the nation-building ○ Powerful: Also able to manage political
in order for us to generate new ideas and have a better power
society in the future Freemasonry - fraternity; restricted by the catholic church
Have increase of awareness on our society to no be (not allowed to receive holy communion, burial mass inside
indifferent. In order to see the potentials affecting it, the church)
The indifference will not be seen in the youth since they ● Rizal joined when he was in Spain. To publish his
seem to be indifferent. Going along the process like this books. To have financial assistance (wealthy
will make continue indifference as they grow older. members)
Sometimes having a lot of family problems, we forget the ● Members “seemed” to be non/anti-catholics
nation’s problems as well. Our care is only focused on only
one
Rizal cares for both his family and his country (love),
Laurel: to have a similar attitude with Rizal. To get inspired
by him.

We don’t need to forget our family to focus on our society.

Family is still a basic unit. As you love your family, you
shouldn’t forget to love your people, countrymen as well.

There’s a need to rebuild the Filipino identity which was

deeply affected by war. Did not waste time and
painstakingly,,, as national hope and pride

Opponents of the bill: catholic senators

Considered the bill as something controversial
1. An attempt to discredit the catholic religion
2. Inimical tenets of faith to which 170 lines in Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo were offensive to the
church doctrine,
3. Will divide the nation (ordinary people will find it
hard to understand the separation of the church
and the state.)
4. Compulsion to read something against ones faith
impaired of freedom of speech and religious
freedom
Laurel: According to him, “there must be harmonious
affections like love for his father and for his mother. Let us
not create conflict between nationalism and religion,
between the government and the church”. Ramon
Magsaysay signed the law.
Oct. 13, 2021
RA 1425 Continuation
Socio5 1 Jose Rizal - An Introduction about Heroes Spanish Concept of a Hero
● Not warrior type, bagani (barbaric)
CONCEPTS OF A HERO ● Doesn’t abide by the traditional concept of a hero
(walang pangangayaw)
Traditional Western Concept ● Spaniards gave the living role models
“Bayani: namatay para sa bansa” ○ Against Lapu-Lapu
Traditional hero concept: This implies that people are ○ We got a new concept. Imitate to become good
individualistic, devoid of care from others. We lose sight of colonials
various responsibilities that they can do for the country. ■ A person who obeys; saints, disciples
● Different from the contemporary concept today. ■ Vida Sancti, Life of Saints used by the
church, other concept is contradictory
Our concept of a hero is very western (Superman). ● Foundation of life
■ Doctrina Christiana, Textbooks of our faith
Filipino concept of a hero: much broader concept with
grandeur. American Concept
● Secular view
Pangangayaw - raiding into allied territory. ● Philippine resurrection?
● Discovered by American historian focused on the ● Gen. Henry Lawton, Colonels
Philippines, William Henry Scott. ● Chose Rizal as our leading national hero
1. To secure resources (gather people to be slaves/to ○ Promote education
help in your village) ○ Executed by the Spaniards
2. To avenge or to bring honor to the family (Prince) ○ Included Mabini, Luna, del Pilar
3. To fulfill mourning requirements which the life of the ○ New approve of a nat’l hero
enemies must be sacrificed. ● Coincide with the trust of Americans to instill in the
4. For personal prominence/reward minds of Filipino the American culture. We had to
imitate them. We did not choose Rizal.
Bayani (contemporary Filipino concept)
● Not individualistic, he loves his bayan. He does not Renato Constantino: not in favor the Rizal is the national
work alone (community, town, nation) hero since he is american-sponsored. Rizal opposed the
● The group of Bayani needs to return home, if he revolution. We can be free but not independent. Absence
doesn’t return, he’s not a Bayani. (person who leaves of maltreatment, equality. rizal never advocated nor he did
and returns) advocated resistance to the government
● Putong - iconic physical feature of our hero
● Neither savages nor blood-thirsty killing machines. JOSE RIZAL AND THE REVOLUTION
Kawani - renders his/her help to the community Revisiting Renato Constantino’s “Veneration without
without cost. Understanding”
● Ultimate goal: maintain peace and order
○ Prove sematic essence of a bayani
OFW as heroes
Filipino Pre-Colonial Concept ● Boost economy
● Walang takot ● Sacrifice
● Matapang ● Similarities with pangangayaw
● Matibay
● Mapangahas
● Mahinahon Return to Calamba
● Tahimik
Friars, saints
Rizal won’t fit the standards of the western concept
because he can’t practice pangangayaw.

Boxer Codex (1946): A hero has a high status and dignity

Oct. 20, 2021
Socio5 1 Jose Rizal - An Introduction about Heroes We dont have to create Rizal Law because we already
The Humanity of Heroes know what he has done. May lead to the congress
● Heroes are human beings proclaiming a hero who is not a hero at all due to personal
● They are made, not born intentions/interests.
● A product of his time
● Responded to the call of the times FDR
● Are not born saints Also frorm Agoncillo’s concept/criteria of a natl hero
● Ordinary human beings facing challenges with an ● The extent of the person’s sacrifice for the welfare of
extraordinary response the country
● In studying them, their frailties might surface ● Motives and methods employed in the attainment of
the ideal
How we should understand a hero, not to exaggerate it ● The moral character of the person
● The influence of the person to his age or epoch and
Teodoro Agoncillo, 1965 (Filipino historian, pioneer of the succeeding eras
Filipino histography). These are the qualities of a national
hero. According to Dr. Corpuz,
● The extent of a person sacrifice for the welfare of the ● Heroes are those who have a concept of a nation
country and thereafter and struggle for the nation’s freedom
● The motive and methods employed in the attainment ● Heroes also thinks of the future
of the ideal ● He wants Rizal as leading natl hero
● The moral character of the person concerned
● The influence of the person concerned on his/her age The American has chosen Rizal because:
and or the succeeding age 1. A hero should not be violent and a militant, and if
possible, prefer peaceful means like education
● An admirable leader towering over his peers, who 2. A hero who doesn’t have qualms with the
serves a noble cause, possessing exceptional talent, American imperialism
distinguished valor and/or hold enterprise, exercising 3. A hero who is already dead
a determinative influence over the spiritual life of his They want it to become in favor of them
people in a particular remarkable event. National William Taft made idea that rizal is a natl hero, but not by
Heroes Commission law.
Even tho rizal was chosen by law to become a hero during
NCCA: Selection And Proclamation Of National the american regime, the law adjusted. America made
Heroes And Laws Honoring Filipino Historical Figures steps to see rizal as natl hero
1. Creation of rizal province
No law that says rizal is our leading national hero. He was 2. Erection of rizal monument int luneta
not explicitly proclaimed. It’s still American-sponsored. 3. Declaration of rizal day on dec. 30

● 1995: Fidel Ramos built national heroes committee to Americans will always present themselves as an ally.
make rizal law Hidden agendas remained hidden because they want
● On March 28, 1993, President Fidel V. Ramos issued something from us.
Executive Order No.75 entitled “Creating the National
Heroes Committee Under the Office of the President”.
● Emlio aguinaldo issued a decree Dec. 20, 1898 to
have day of natl mourning for rizal every Dec. 30 and
other victims of the Philippine Revolution.
● No action has been taken for the recommendations.
This might trigger a flood of requests for
proclamations. Another possibility is that the
proclamations can trigger bitter debates involving
historical controversies about the heroes.
Oct. 27, 2021
Nothing was achieved in his last will c. e.g. memes - not merely to ridicule, we should
● Wanted to have no death anniversary celebrations widen our horizon in interpreting it
or commemorations
● Wanted stone markers, fence; he was granted a We have to regard Rizal more than as he is, more than
monument the symbol offers. We consider him as a perfect symbol
○ Considered as a symbol for many Filipinos who should be a Filipino. A perfect sign of what should be
● Wants to be recognized as someone who fought for the proper attitude of a Filipino.
freedom and equality for Filipinos but not
extravagantly. Rizal's Concept on Nation Building
● Rizal was being manipulated by people; his Rizal envisioned the past and future generations by
icon/image highlighting it to enlighten and educate Filipinos. That we
● He is manipulated because we want to would be able to progress though having education. A
commemorate and remember him through signs and time when Filipinos would read his writings, with the same
symbols. naitioanl sentiment he once had. Not only a readout of
appreciation, but he’s also a primary weapon to dictate
Rizal is a text of many meanings Filipino identity which in turn he has correlation to nation
building.
Historic Rizal Symbolic Rizal

● What appears in our ● We have it today Rizal’s Blue Print for Nation Building
history ● In Luneta, icon of ● Education
● Who live and died in t-shirts, peso coin, ● Racial Pride and Dignity
the 19th century postage stamps ● National Consciousness
● Born and raised in ● Use as a way for us ● Re-orientation of values and attitudes
Calamba, Laguna that would gear us ● Willingness to sacrifice
● Studied in Ateneo and towards the historic
Abroad Rizal. Mi Ultimo Adios - The Last Farewell; Ang Huling
● Founded La Liga Pahimakas ni Dr. Jose Rizal
● Martyr of Bagumbayan Wrote a poem, a farewell letter before his execution.
Placed it in a small cooking stove and gave it to his sister,
Trinidad. To avoid not being taken by the guards and
Reading is very important: makes sense with our world
suspicions of authorities.
and our lives. Text has no intrinsic value or meaning apart
Andres Bonifacio translated it into Tagalog. Transformed
from the readers. Message in the virtual state is actualized
the poem into her own work by adding stanzas and using
by reader. Reader participation is important because they
words that it’s close to his and other Filipino’s heart.
interpret it. The author is another product of interpretaion.
Meaning of sacrifice for the sake of nation is still
highlighted, it didn’t lose its essence.
Types of Text
14 stanzas → 28 stanzas when translated
1. Sign - represents fixed reality; means of portraying
3rd stanz presents a sense of nation-building. Manifesting
reality
his actions towards nation-building. His novels are still
a. Umberto Eco: closed text that implies freedom to
relevant.
create meaning is being monopolized;
b. predetermined meaning, reader received
Studying history should be the second nature of Filipinos
information;
Kasaysayan
c. has to be understood objectively;
● Saysay - essence
d. e.g. traffic sign, peso coin; readerly text
2. Symbol - Umberto Eco: open text; conveys meaning
Rizal’s Program of Action
not only about itself, but also the cultural processes
● Circulo Hispano
and relationships. Constitute thru human agency.
○ Filipino student organization in Madrid
a. It is open for interpretation.
● 1888
b. A writerly text: reader is in position of control and
○ At British Museum, Rizal had pieced together
takes active role in construction of meaning,
the history of the Philippines which revealed that
reader is turned to a writer
Oct. 27, 2021
even before the coming of the Spaniards; the ● Socio Economic Reforms
Filipinos already had a developed culture. ○ Enlightenment through education was not
enough to improve the country’s right.
Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas ● 19th Century
● Rizal made notes on this because of its objective ○ The Philippines was experiencing the kindling
representation of life in the Philippines at the time of effect of an economic weakening and material
the arrival of the Spaniards. property.
● Morga devoted a long final chapter to the study of
Filipino customs, manners and religions in the early Agricultural Improvement
years of the Spanish conquest. ● The economic development of the Philippines would
largely depend on this
Excerpts from Rizal Dedicatory: ● 3 Factors of Production
● “It is necessary to first lay bare the past in order to ○ Land
better judge the present and to survey the road ○ Labor
trodden during three centuries.” ○ Capital
● “We proceed to study the future.” ■ Coupled with justice

Rizal’s Question on his Mind

● Were there enough leaders which are highly
dedicated and well trained among Filipinos?
● Could the collective strength of the country insure a
good chance of victory?
● Are the people united enough to share one common
prospective?
● How effective were the means of communication?

The Indolence of the Filipinos

● Came out as a series of 5 in the La Solidaridad from
July 15 to September 15 1899
La Liga Filipina (Philippine League)
● Rizal’s major plan of action

Rizal’s Political Reforms

● First Novel; Noli Me Tangere (1884)
○ Raise the political consciousness in relation to
the current state of affairs in the Philippines.
○ Disseminate information about their country
through journalism and public debate.
● El Filibusterismo
○ A sequel to Noli Me Tangere (1891)
○ To draw attention calamitous state of affairs in
the country.

Rizal is Asias first modern non- violent proponent of

political reforms.
● Recognize the importance of industrial education, to
make it accessible to all.
● Recognize the importance of industrial education.
○ Development of institution, agriculture and
commerce.
● “Kabataan ang Pag-asa ng Bayan.” Education for
the Youth.