Case Study Report - Statistical Data

DBM30033 (Engineering Mathematics 3)

Survey of the Number of Monthly

Passengers of KTM Komuter Selatan
service for 2018-2020.
(SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY)

Prepared by:
1. Muhammad Fadhilah bin Abd Kadir. (08DKM20F1039)
2. Muhammad Nur Iman Bin Muhammad Affendi. (08DKM20F1025)
3. Harriz Bin Morhaimie. (08DKM20F1027)
4. Mohammad Noor Haikal Bin Mohd Azman. (08DKM20F1051)

Assigned by:
Pn. Raihan Bt Abd Salim.
 Table of contents
1. Introduction
2. Objective
3. Data
4. Frequency Table
5. Measure of Central Tendency and Dispersion
 Mean
 Median
 Mode
 Mean Deviation
 Variance
 Standard Deviation
 Percentile
 39th Percentile

6. Graph Histogram and Ogive

 Histogram
 Ogive

7. Measure Quartile and Decile Using Graph

 Quartile
 First Quartile
 Third Quartile
 Decile
 7th Decile
 4th Decile

8. Discussion
9. Recommendation
10. Conclusion
11. References
1.0 Introduction
Statistics is a branch of mathematics that deals with methods for gathering, organizing,
and evaluating data such that useful conclusions can be drawn. Its research and
analysis are divided into two categories: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.

Descriptive statistics is concerned with the analysis of data without making any
judgments. Tables and graphs are used to convey the information. The data's features
are described in simple terms. Accidents, sports data, and demographic statistics are
examples of events that are dealt with.

Inferential statistics is a scientific discipline that analyses data and employs

mathematical methods to produce forecasts and projections. Engineers, social
scientists, and businessmen will benefit from this.

For our case study, we are required to make a central of tendency and dispersion
related to sustainable technologies. Sustainable technology is an umbrella term that
describes innovation that considers natural resources and fosters economic and social
development. KTM Komuter Selatan service is a government initiative in the
sustainable technology sector.

2. Objective
At the end of the case study, students should be able:

➢ To compute of central tendency and dispersion related to sustainable

technologies.
➢ To identify different between descriptive statistics and inferential statistics
3. Data
3.1 Data below show the Number of Monthly Passengers of KTM Komuter
Selatan service for 2018-2020:

20,393 14,440 17,830 23,325 29,508 25,456 25,938 26,065

32,393 28,727 37,598 25,689 22,150 25,780 27,925 23,697
22,424 28,221 25,317 25,450 28,085 27,338 25,082 29,526
26,267 23,624 16,064 1,182 2,928 4,257 5,771 5,191
4,519 3,285 2,320 4,262
4.Frequency Table

i. Number of class, k

� = 1 + 3.33 log �
� = 1 + 3.333 log 36
� = 6.29 → 6
�=6

ii. Class width, c

�����
�=
�
37,598 − 1,182
�=
6
� = 6069.33 → 6070
� = 6070

iii. Starting Point

=1182

iv. Frequency Table

Number of Monthly Passengers Frequency

1182 - 7251 9
7252 - 13321 0
13322 - 19391 3
19392 - 25461 10
25462 - 31531 12
31532 - 37601 2
Total = 36
 Number of Frequency Lower Upper Midpoint Cumulative
Monthly Boundary Boundary Frequency
Passengers
1182 - 7251 9 1181.5 7251.5 4216.5 9
7252 - 13321 0 7251.5 13321.5 10286.5 9
13322 - 19391 3 13321.5 19391.5 16356.5 12
19392 - 25461 10 19391.5 25461.5 22426.5 22
25462 - 31531 12 25461.5 31531.5 28496.5 34
31532 - 37601 2 31531.5 37601.5 34566.5 36
5. Measures of Central Tendency and
Dispersion (Mean, Median, Mode, Mean
Deviation, Variance, Standard Deviation,
And Percentile)

5.1 Mean
Number of Monthly � � ��
Passengers
1182 - 7251 9 4216.5 37948.5
7252 - 13321 0 10286.5 0
13322 - 19391 3 16356.5 49069.5
19392 - 25461 10 22426.5 224265
25462 - 31531 12 28496.5 341958
31532 - 37601 2 34566.5 69133
∑ � =36 ∑�� = 722374

∑fx
�=
∑f

722374
�=
36

� = 20065.94
5.2 Median, m

Number of Monthly � � Lower

Passengers Boundary

1182 - 7251 9 9 1181.5

7252 - 13321 0 9 7251.5
13322 - 19391 3 12 13321.5
19392 - 25461 10 22 19391.5
25462 - 31531 12 34 25461.5
31532 - 37601 2 36 31531.5
∑ � =36

Determine the class which median lies:

� th 36 th
= 2
= 2

= 18
Lm = 19391.5
N = 36
F = 12
fm = 10
c = 6070
�
−�
Median, � = �� + 2
��
�

36
− 12
� = 19391.5 + 2 6070
10

� = 23033.5 → 23034
5.3 Mode

Number of Monthly � � Lower

Passengers Boundary

1182 - 7251 9 9 1181.5

7252 - 13321 0 9 7251.5
13322 - 19391 3 12 13321.5
19392 - 25461 10 22 19391.5
25462 - 31531 12 34 25461.5 (Highest
Frequency)
31532 - 37601 2 36 31531.5

�� = 25461.5
�1 = 12 − 10
= 2

�2 = 12 − 2
= 10

� = 6070

�1
���� = �� + �
�1 + �2

2
���� = 25461.5 + 6070
2 + 10

���� = 25573.17
5.4 Mean Deviation,

Number of � � |�− �| |�− �|�

Monthly
Passengers
1182 - 7251 9 4216.5 15849.44 142644.96
7252 - 13321 0 10286.5 9779.44 0
13322 - 19391 3 16356.5 3709.44 11128.32
19392 - 25461 10 22426.5 2360.56 23605.6
25462 - 31531 12 28496.5 8430.56 101166.72
31532 - 37601 2 34566.5 14500.56 29001.12
∑f ∑|�− �|�
= 36
=307546.72

� = 20065.94

∑|�− �|�
�=
∑�
e
307546.72
�=
36

� = 8542.96
5.5 Variance, S2

Number of � � |�− �| |�− �|2 |�− �|2�

Monthly
Passengers
1182 - 7251 9 4216.5 15849.44 251204748.3 2260842735
7252 - 13321 0 10286.5 9779.44 95637446.71 0
13322 - 19391 3 16356.5 3709.44 13759945.11 41279835.33
19392 - 25461 10 22426.5 2360.56 5572243.51 55722435.1
25462 - 31531 12 28496.5 8430.56 71074341.91 852892102.9
31532 - 37601 2 34566.5 14500.56 210266240.3 420532480.6
∑f ∑ �− � 2
�
= 36
= 3631269589

2
∑|�− �|2�
� =
∑�

3631269589
�2 =
36

�2 = 100868599.7

5.6 Standard Deviation, S

�= ��������

�= 100868599.7

� = 10043.34
5.7 Percentile, Pk
5.7 39th Percentile
Number of Monthly f � Lower
Passengers Boundary
1182 - 7251 9 9 1181.5
7252 - 13321 0 9 7251.5
13322 - 19391 3 12 13321.5
19392 - 25461 10 22 19391.5
25462 - 31531 12 34 25461.5
31532 - 37601 2 36 31531.5
∑ � =36

Determine the class which 39th percentile lies:

� th 39 th
= 100
� = 100
× 36

= 14.04th
�� = 19391.5
N = 36
F = 12
fm = 10
c = 6070

�
×� −��
39th Percentile, �� = �� + 100
��
�

39
× 36 − 12
�� = 19391.5 + 100 6070
10

�� = 20629.78 → 20630
6. Graph Histogram and Ogive
6.1 Histogram
6.11 Histogram handwriting
6.12 Histogram Excel (Midpoint)
6.2 Ogive

6.21 Ogive handwriting

6.22 Ogive Excel
7. Measure Quartile and Decile Using Graph
7.1 Quartile
7.11 First Quartile
7.12 Third Quartile
7.2 Decile

7.21 7th Decile

7.22 4th Decile
8. Discussion
Why the number of monthly passengers of KTM Komuter Selatan Service in
year 2020 decreased drastically ?

This event happens due to the government decide to make a lockdown to prevent
Covid-19 from spreading.

What is the number of monthly passengers of KTM Komuter Selatan Service

that have the highest, and the lowest frequencies from 2018 to 2020?

The 5th class number of monthly passengers has the highest frequency which is 12.
While, the 2nd class number of monthly passengers as the lowest frequency which is 0.

9. Recommendation
Firstly, when the pandemic settled down the government need to inject funds into this
commuter service to ensure the service is in good condition. Good commuter service
will increase passenger count as it will tempt passenger to go for a comfortable ride.

Next, the government should enforce the usage of MySejahtera application as to

ensure the citizens are safe from people that has the COVID-19 symptoms. and
eventually increase the passenger count.
10. Conclusion
From the case study that we did, the average passenger count that recorded are at
20066 passengers every month for 36 months and the passenger count peaked at class
5 from the FDT which are at the frequency of 12. Also we can conclude that the
commuter service are one of the public service that are used almost all the time for 3
years. This case study shows that there are impact in the passenger count of the
commuter service from the covid-19 pandemic at 2019 which drastically decrease the
frequency of the usage of the service.The government can overcome this problem by
giving more attention on the public transport services and eventually will restore the
usage of the service.
11. References
Internet

https://www.rubicon.com/sustainability-hub/articles/what-is-sustainable-technology/

https://www.apad.gov.my/index.php/doclink/2020-rel-jumlah-penumpang-tahunan-
sem-
malaysia/eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIyMDIwLXJlbC1
qdW1sYWgtcGVudW1wYW5nLXRhaHVuYW4tc2VtLW1hbGF5c2lhIiwiaWF0Ijox
NjEzOTY0NzkxLCJleHAiOjE2MTQwNTExOTF9.1Om0nEAUhystg26hCEzAMMl
gjuiHMjXrWlNaCMEKcfI

https://www.apad.gov.my/index.php/doclink/2019-rel-jumlah-penumpang-tahunan-
sem-
malaysia/eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIyMDE5LXJlbC1
qdW1sYWgtcGVudW1wYW5nLXRhaHVuYW4tc2VtLW1hbGF5c2lhIiwiaWF0Ijox
NjEzOTY0NzU0LCJleHAiOjE2MTQwNTExNTR9.7GE-fsVVzVSWgVRv-
Fwcr92xckMJkPYMihrKHu1Z4TE

https://www.apad.gov.my/index.php/doclink/2018-rel-jumlah-penumpang-tahunan-
sem-
malaysia/eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIyMDE4LXJlbC1
qdW1sYWgtcGVudW1wYW5nLXRhaHVuYW4tc2VtLW1hbGF5c2lhIiwiaWF0Ijox
NjEzOTY0MjE2LCJleHAiOjE2MTQwNTA2MTZ9.psgAFXsFgKs3oL-
jOcf8IKbOt_oKc6de5DKckEo8Bc8

Others

Elizabeth A.Mack; Shubham Agrawal; SichengWang, The impacts of the COVID-19

pandemic on transportation employment: A comparative analysis, Volume
12, December 2021, 100470.