PRINCIPLES OF

TERM

01
MEDICAL LABORATORY
SCIENCE 1
LECTURE
[TRANS] PMLS

DEFINING MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION WHAT IS CLINICAL LABORATORY?

It is a facility that performs chemical and microscopic

HEINEMANN examinations of various body fluids like blood and tissues.

The application of the principles of natural, physical and

biological sciences to the performance of laboratory procedures DEFINING THE PRACTICE OF LABORATORY
which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases PERSONNEL

PATHOLOGISTS
FAGELSON • The director of a clinical laboratory is a pathologist.
• A pathologist is a licensed physician with a specialty in
The branch of medicine concerned with the performance of Pathology as certified by the Philippine Board of Pathology.
laboratory determinations and analyses used in the diagnosis
and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health
MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNICIAN

WALTERS • Qualified to assist a Medical Technologist and/or

Pathologist in the practice of medical technology.
The health profession concerned with performing laboratory • A person can become a laboratory technician without
analyses in view of obtaining information necessary in the taking any examination once he/she upon application and
diagnosis and treatment of disease as well as in the payment of required fee, shows satisfactory evidence to the
maintenance of good health Board that:
o He/She passed the civil service examination for medical
technicians given on March 21, 1964; or
▪ He/She has finished a two – year college
THE PHILIPPINE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ACT OF course and has at least one (1) year of
1969 experience of working as a medical
laboratory technician
An auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the ▪ He/She has failed to pass the board
examination by various chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic, examination for medical technology but
and other medical procedures and technique which will aid the obtained a general rating of at least 70%.
physician in the diagnosis, study and treatment of disease and
in the promotion of health in general.
PHLEBOTOMIST
• Someone trained to collect blood samples either through
skin puncture, venipuncture, or arterial puncture.
• In the Philippines, this practice is part of the usual
specimen collection done by a medical technologist.
• He/She is a high school graduate who may have been
trained on the job or who may have gone through a
phlebotomy training program.

CYTOTECHNOLOGIST

• “Cell Processor”
• Examines human specimens to detect cancer cells or
diseases.
• Works closely with the pathologist to arrive at a
final diagnosis.
• Performs special chemical stains and techniques
• Determines differences among inflammatory, viral,
and malignant changes in cells.

CASTAÑEDA | MLS 1-2

 TRANS: DEFINING THE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION

HISTOTECHNOLOGIST MICROBIOLOGY

• “Tissue Processor” • Clinical microbiological analysis focuses on the

• Routinely prepares, processes, and stains biopsies and and isolation, identification, cultivation characterization
tissue specimens for microscopic examination done by a of bacteria found in human specimens through the use of
pathologist. microscopes for gram staining or acid – fast staining.
• Performs complex processing, staining and • Chemicals for biochemical properties, culture media for
identification procedures. cultivation and identification of morphological appearance
of colonies, and the test of susceptibility.
SPECIALIST
BLOOD BANKING & SEROLOGY
• A clinical laboratory scientist who has worked
for a number of years in a specific discipline. • Blood banking analysis includes blood typing, cross –
• Has extensive knowledge and experience in a matching procedures and other special procedures such as
specific area: blood donor screening and bloodletting.
o Specialist in Blood Bank • Serology and immunology emphasize antigen-and-
o Specialist in Microbiology antibody reactions (Widal, hepatitis, HIV test).
o Specialist in Clinical Chemistry
o Specialist in Hematology HISPATHOLOGY

CYTOGENETIC TECHNOLOGIST Histopathological analysis includes tissue handling; processing

and staining through the use of the microscope, microtome and
• Cultures cells from tissue and body fluid samples to obtain other special apparatuses.
chromosomes to be used for analysis.
• Masters the art of cell culture, chromosome banding and
analysis (karyotyping) and photography and dark room DEFINING MT/MLS PRACTICE
skills
• A baccalaureate degree program from a College or
University recognized by CHED.
CLINICAL LABORATORY SECTIONS • Completed a specified Clinical Internship in a training
laboratory by the Bureau of
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY • Health Facilities and DOH
• Passed the Licensure Examination administered by the
Board of Medical Technology or the Professional
• Covers the analysis of blood chemical
Regulation Commission
components.
• Carried out through the application of the principles of
• Examination of tissues, secretions, and excretions of the
instrumentation, including the use of a fully – automated
human body and other body fluids through electronic,
chemistry analyzer.
chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic, hematologic,
serologic, immunologic, nuclear, or other laboratory
HEMATOLOGY procedures and techniques, either manually or not;

Routine and specific examination of blood samples for • Blood banking procedures and techniques or other blood
complete blood count through the use of microscope for transfusion services;
microscopic counting and morphological examination.
• Parasitologic, myologic and microbiologic procedures and
CLINICAL MICROSCOPY techniques;

• Focuses on the routine examination of urine and other body • Histopathologic and cytotechnologic techniques;
fluid samples. • Clinical research involving human beings or animals
• Employs the use of microscope in urine analysis requiring the use of and/or application of medical
procedures and other special procedures such as semen technology knowledge and procedures;
analysis.
• Preparations and standardizations of reagents, standards,
stains, or others; provided that such reagents, standards,
PARASITOLOGY
stains, or others are exclusively for the use of their
laboratory;
Includes the analysis of stool to check for the presence or
absence of parasites, identifying specific parasites, and
• Clinical laboratory quality control; and
performing special techniques to detect the presence of fat or
blood in stool.
• Collection and preservation of specimens.

CASTAÑEDA | MLS 1-2

 TRANS: DEFINING THE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION

EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR A MEDICAL

TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE

• Medical technology generalist in a hospital government or

private, clinical laboratories
• Medical technology specialist (microbiology, hematology,
blood banking, clinical chemistry, etc.)
• Clinical laboratory supervisors, chief medical technologist
and laboratory owners.
• Sales and public relations representative
• Researchers
• Teachers or instructors in High school or in College
• Opportunities for employment abroad
• A stepping stone to a medical career

NATURE OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION

SUBSTANTIAL PROCEDURAL

• Procedure of scientific studies

• Uses wide range of technologies to diagnose certain
disease and infections.
• These technologies in disease diagnosis propelled the field
to the forefront, making it an essential part in a series of
scientific activities.
• All laboratory methods comprise scientific procedures
(whether conventional or automated)

INVESTIGATIVE COMPLICITY

• Paramount field of scientific investigation

• Encompasses scientific inquiry of various societal health
problems.
• Involves a wide range of laboratory investigation.
• An application of technology in the medical
field.

INTERMEDICAL PROCEDURAL INTERFERENCE

• Intervention in medical procedures

• Serves as clinical eye in diagnosing and treating diseases
and infection
• Providing scientific findings/evidence to support the
diagnosis of the doctor.

ASSIDUOUS PARTNER

• Explicit application of science and technology

• Embraces the techniques and procedures laid down by
science and technology

CIRCUMSTANTIAL MEDICAL EVIDENCE

• Evidentiary information in medicine

• Laboratory findings serve as proof of the medical findings
and prognosis.

CASTAÑEDA | MLS 1-2