Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 31 views

    MATH2050a Mathematical Analysis I: Exercise 4 Suggested Solution

    Uploaded by

    Samuel Alfonzo Gil Barco
    This document contains solutions to exercises from a mathematical analysis course. The first solution shows that if a sequence {xn} is unbounded, there exists a subsequence such that the limit of 1/xnk is 0. The second solution determines the limsup, liminf, supremum and infimum of an alternating sequence. The third solution directly shows that the sequences {(−1)n}, {n+(-1)/n}, and {lnn} are not Cauchy sequences.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    MATH2050a Mathematical Analysis I: Exercise 4 Suggested Solution

    Uploaded by

    Samuel Alfonzo Gil Barco
    31 views2 pages
    This document contains solutions to exercises from a mathematical analysis course. The first solution shows that if a sequence {xn} is unbounded, there exists a subsequence such that the limit of 1/xnk is 0. The second solution determines the limsup, liminf, supremum and infimum of an alternating sequence. The third solution directly shows that the sequences {(−1)n}, {n+(-1)/n}, and {lnn} are not Cauchy sequences.

    Original Title

    2050A Solution 4

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document contains solutions to exercises from a mathematical analysis course. The first solution shows that if a sequence {xn} is unbounded, there exists a subsequence such that the limit of 1/xnk is 0. The second solution determines the limsup, liminf, supremum and infimum of an alternating sequence. The third solution directly shows that the sequences {(−1)n}, {n+(-1)/n}, and {lnn} are not Cauchy sequences.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views2 pages

    MATH2050a Mathematical Analysis I: Exercise 4 Suggested Solution

    Uploaded by

    Samuel Alfonzo Gil Barco
    This document contains solutions to exercises from a mathematical analysis course. The first solution shows that if a sequence {xn} is unbounded, there exists a subsequence such that the limit of 1/xnk is 0. The second solution determines the limsup, liminf, supremum and infimum of an alternating sequence. The third solution directly shows that the sequences {(−1)n}, {n+(-1)/n}, and {lnn} are not Cauchy sequences.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    MATH2050a Mathematical Analysis I

    Exercise 4 suggested Solution

    12. Show that if {xn }is unbounded sequence, then there exists a subsequence
    such that lim1/xnk = 0.
    Solution:
    Since {xn } is unbounded sequence, ∀k ∈ N , there exists {xnk }, such that
    |xnk | > k, we can choose {nk } is a increasing sequence. Hence , we get a
    subsequence {xnk }, satisfies : 1/|xnk | < 1/k, for each k ∈ N .
    We claim that lim1/xnk = 0.
    for each  > 0, there exists k ∈ N , ∀k > k , |1/k| < . Hence, ∀k > k ,
    |1/xnk − 0| < 1/k < 1/k < 
    Therefore, lim1/xnk = 0.
    17. Alternate the terms of the sequences {1 + 1/n} and {−1/n} to obtain
    the sequence {xn } given by
    (2, -1, 3/2, -1/2, 4/3, -1/3, 5/4, -1/4, ...)
    Determine the values of limsupxn and liminfxn . Also, find supxn and infxn .
    Solution:
    Obverse that
    x2k−1 = 1 + 1/k, k ≥ 1, x2k = −1/k, k ≥ 1
    Hence, ∀i, j ∈ N , x2j < x2i−1 , and x2j < 0, x2i−1 > 1.
    It’s easy to check that limx2k−1 = 1, limx2k = 0. We claim that limsupxn =
    1 , liminfxn = 0. Here we just give the proof of the former one.
    For each  > 0, if we can find k ∈ N , ∀n > k, we have xn < 1 + , on the
    other hand, since limx2k−1 = 1, then limsupxn = 1.

    1
    Notice that for each  > 0, there exists k ∈ N , ∀k > k , |1/k| < . Hence,
    ∀n > 2k + 1, if n is odd, then there exists m1 , n = 2m1 − 1, m1 > k , xn =
    1 1
    1+ m1 < 1+ k < 1 + . if n is even, then there exists m2 , n = 2m2 , m2 ≥ k ,
    xn = − m12 < 1 < 1 + . To conclude, ∀n > 2k + 1, xn < 1 + , completing the
    proof.
    3. Show directly from the definition that the following are not Cauchy
    sequence.
    (−1)n
    (a) {(−1)n } (b) {n + n } (c) {lnn}
    Solution:
    (a) Fix 0 = 12 , ∀k ∈ N , we can choose n = 2k, m = 2k+1, |(−1)n −(−1)m | =
    2 > 21 . Hence, {(−1)n } is not a Cauchy sequence.
    (b) Fix 0 = 1, similarly, ∀k ∈ N , we can choose n = 4k, m = 2k, |xn −xm | =
    1 1 1
    |4k + 4k − 2k − 2k | = |2k − 4k | > 2k − 1 ≥ 1.
    1
    (c) Fix 0 = 2 ln2, ∀k ∈ N , choose n = 4k, m = 2k, |xn − xm | = |ln4k −
    ln2k| = ln2 > 0 .
    √
    5. If xn = n, show that {xn } satisfies lim|xn+1 − xn | = 0, but that it is
    not a Cauchy sequence.
    Solution:
    √ √ √ √
    Since ( n + 1 − n)( n + 1 + n) = 1, we have
    √ √ 1 √
    |xn+1 − xn | = | n + 1 − n| = | √n+1+ n
    |
    Hence, 0 ≤ |xn+1 − xn | ≤ √1 . Since lim √1n = 0, we have lim|xn+1 − xn | = 0.
    n
    1
    Next we prove {xn } is not a Cauchy sequence. Fix 0 = 2, ∀k ∈ N , choose
    n = (k + 1)2 , m = (k)2 , |xn − xm | = 1 > 0 . Therefore, it is not a Cauchy
    sequence.

    You might also like