Scribd
Upload
57 views2 pages

MATH2050a Mathematical Analysis I: Exercise 4 Suggested Solution

This document contains solutions to exercises from a mathematical analysis course. The first solution shows that if a sequence {xn} is unbounded, there exists a subsequence such that the limit of 1/xnk is 0. The second solution determines the limsup, liminf, supremum and infimum of an alternating sequence. The third solution directly shows that the sequences {(−1)n}, {n+(-1)/n}, and {lnn} are not Cauchy sequences.

Uploaded by

Samuel Alfonzo Gil Barco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
57 views2 pages

MATH2050a Mathematical Analysis I: Exercise 4 Suggested Solution

This document contains solutions to exercises from a mathematical analysis course. The first solution shows that if a sequence {xn} is unbounded, there exists a subsequence such that the limit of 1/xnk is 0. The second solution determines the limsup, liminf, supremum and infimum of an alternating sequence. The third solution directly shows that the sequences {(−1)n}, {n+(-1)/n}, and {lnn} are not Cauchy sequences.

Uploaded by

Samuel Alfonzo Gil Barco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

MATH2050a Mathematical Analysis I

Exercise 4 suggested Solution

12. Show that if {xn }is unbounded sequence, then there exists a subsequence
such that lim1/xnk = 0.
Solution:
Since {xn } is unbounded sequence, ∀k ∈ N , there exists {xnk }, such that
|xnk | > k, we can choose {nk } is a increasing sequence. Hence , we get a
subsequence {xnk }, satisfies : 1/|xnk | < 1/k, for each k ∈ N .
We claim that lim1/xnk = 0.
for each  > 0, there exists k ∈ N , ∀k > k , |1/k| < . Hence, ∀k > k ,
|1/xnk − 0| < 1/k < 1/k < 
Therefore, lim1/xnk = 0.
17. Alternate the terms of the sequences {1 + 1/n} and {−1/n} to obtain
the sequence {xn } given by
(2, -1, 3/2, -1/2, 4/3, -1/3, 5/4, -1/4, ...)
Determine the values of limsupxn and liminfxn . Also, find supxn and infxn .
Solution:
Obverse that
x2k−1 = 1 + 1/k, k ≥ 1, x2k = −1/k, k ≥ 1
Hence, ∀i, j ∈ N , x2j < x2i−1 , and x2j < 0, x2i−1 > 1.
It’s easy to check that limx2k−1 = 1, limx2k = 0. We claim that limsupxn =
1 , liminfxn = 0. Here we just give the proof of the former one.
For each  > 0, if we can find k ∈ N , ∀n > k, we have xn < 1 + , on the
other hand, since limx2k−1 = 1, then limsupxn = 1.

1
Notice that for each  > 0, there exists k ∈ N , ∀k > k , |1/k| < . Hence,
∀n > 2k + 1, if n is odd, then there exists m1 , n = 2m1 − 1, m1 > k , xn =
1 1
1+ m1 < 1+ k < 1 + . if n is even, then there exists m2 , n = 2m2 , m2 ≥ k ,
xn = − m12 < 1 < 1 + . To conclude, ∀n > 2k + 1, xn < 1 + , completing the
proof.
3. Show directly from the definition that the following are not Cauchy
sequence.
(−1)n
(a) {(−1)n } (b) {n + n } (c) {lnn}
Solution:
(a) Fix 0 = 12 , ∀k ∈ N , we can choose n = 2k, m = 2k+1, |(−1)n −(−1)m | =
2 > 21 . Hence, {(−1)n } is not a Cauchy sequence.
(b) Fix 0 = 1, similarly, ∀k ∈ N , we can choose n = 4k, m = 2k, |xn −xm | =
1 1 1
|4k + 4k − 2k − 2k | = |2k − 4k | > 2k − 1 ≥ 1.
1
(c) Fix 0 = 2 ln2, ∀k ∈ N , choose n = 4k, m = 2k, |xn − xm | = |ln4k −
ln2k| = ln2 > 0 .
√
5. If xn = n, show that {xn } satisfies lim|xn+1 − xn | = 0, but that it is
not a Cauchy sequence.
Solution:
√ √ √ √
Since ( n + 1 − n)( n + 1 + n) = 1, we have
√ √ 1 √
|xn+1 − xn | = | n + 1 − n| = | √n+1+ n
|
Hence, 0 ≤ |xn+1 − xn | ≤ √1 . Since lim √1n = 0, we have lim|xn+1 − xn | = 0.
n
1
Next we prove {xn } is not a Cauchy sequence. Fix 0 = 2, ∀k ∈ N , choose
n = (k + 1)2 , m = (k)2 , |xn − xm | = 1 > 0 . Therefore, it is not a Cauchy
sequence.

You might also like