Fakultet informacijskih tehnologija

ProgramiranjeI_sylabus.doc [email protected]

COMPUTER MEMORY

Task 1 Read the following text

Although memory is technically any form of electronic storage, it is used most often to
identify fast, temporary forms of storage. If your computer's CPU had to constantly access
the hard drive to retrieve every piece of data it needs, it would operate very slowly. When
the information is kept in memory, the CPU can access it much more quickly. Most forms of
memory are intended to store data temporarily.

As you can see in the diagram above, the CPU accesses memory according to a distinct
hierarchy. Whether it comes from permanent storage (the hard drive) or input (the
keyboard), most data goes in random access memory (RAM) first. The CPU then stores
pieces of data it will need to access, often in a cache, and maintains certain special
instructions in the register.

All of the components in your computer, such as the CPU, the hard drive and the operating
system, work together as a team, and memory is one of the most essential parts of this
team. From the moment you turn your computer on until the time you shut it down, your
CPU is constantly using memory.

1
Engleski jezik::Predavanje/Vjezbe
http://dl.fit.ba/
 Fakultet informacijskih tehnologija
ProgramiranjeI_sylabus.doc [email protected]

Let's take a look at a typical scenario:

 You turn the computer on.

 The computer loads data from read-only memory (ROM) and performs a power-on
self-test (POST) to make sure all the major components are functioning properly. As
part of this test, the memory controller checks all of the memory addresses with a
quick read/write operation to ensure that there are no errors in the memory chips.
Read/write means that data is written to a bit and then read from that bit.
 The computer loads the basic input/output system (BIOS) from ROM. The BIOS
provides the most basic information about storage devices, boot sequence,
security, Plug and Play (auto device recognition) capability and a few other items.
 The computer loads the operating system (OS) from the hard drive into the system's
RAM. Generally, the critical parts of the operating system are maintained in RAM as
long as the computer is on. This allows the CPU to have immediate access to the
operating system, which enhances the performance and functionality of the overall
system.
 When you open an application, it is loaded into RAM. To conserve RAM usage, many
applications load only the essential parts of the program initially and then load other
pieces as needed.
 After an application is loaded, any files that are opened for use in that application are
loaded into RAM.
 When you save a file and close the application, the file is written to the specified
storage device, and then it and the application are purged from RAM.

In the list above, every time something is loaded or opened, it is placed into RAM. This
simply means that it has been put in the computer's temporary storage area so that the
CPU can access that information more easily. The CPU requests the data it needs from
RAM, processes it and writes new data back to RAM in a continuous cycle. In most
computers, this shuffling of data between the CPU and RAM happens millions of times
every second. When an application is closed, it and any accompanying files are usually
purged (deleted) from RAM to make room for new data. If the changed files are not
saved to a permanent storage device before being purged, they are lost.

(taken from: http://computer.howstuffworks.com/computer-memory.htm)

2
Engleski jezik::Predavanje/Vjezbe
http://dl.fit.ba/
 Fakultet informacijskih tehnologija
ProgramiranjeI_sylabus.doc [email protected]

Language work Function of an item

We can describe the function of an item in a number of ways. Study these examples.

Using the Present simple:

1 ROM holds instructions which are needed to start up the computer.

Used to - infinitive, Used for + -ing form:

2 ROM is used to hold instructions which are needed to start up the computer.
3 ROM is used for holding instructions which are needed to start up the computer.

Emphasizing the function:

4 The function of ROM is to hold instructions which are needed to start up the
computer.

Task 2 Match each item in Column A with its function in Column B.

Then describe its function in two ways.

A Item B Function
RAM controls the cursor
processor inputs data through keys like a typewriter
mouse displays the output from a computer on a screen
clock reads DVD-ROMs
3.5” floppy drive reads and writes to removable magnetic disks
monitor holds instructions which are needed to start up the computer
keyboard holds data read or written to it by the processor
DVD-ROM drive provides extremely fast access for sections of a program and
cache its data
ROM controls the timing of signals in the computer
controls all the operations in a computer

3
Engleski jezik::Predavanje/Vjezbe
http://dl.fit.ba/
 Fakultet informacijskih tehnologija
ProgramiranjeI_sylabus.doc [email protected]

Language work Prepositions of place

Task 3 Complete each sentence using the correct preposition.

1 The CPU is a large chip........................the computer.

2 Data always flows..................the CPU....................the address bus.
3 The CPU can be divided.................three parts.
4 Data flows...................the CPU and memory.
5 Peripherals are devices...........................the computer but linked .............it.
6 The signal moves....................the VDU screen...................one side .............the
other.
7 The CPU puts the address......................the address bus.
8 The CPU can fetch data...................memory....................the data bus.

4
Engleski jezik::Predavanje/Vjezbe
http://dl.fit.ba/
 Fakultet informacijskih tehnologija
ProgramiranjeI_sylabus.doc [email protected]

KEY TO EXERCISES

Task 2

1. RAM holds data read or written to it by the processor.

The function of RAM is to hold data read or written to it by the processor.

2. The processor is used to control all the operations in a computer.

The processor is used for controlling all the operations in a computer.

3. The mouse controls the cursor.

The mouse is used to control the cursor.

4. The clock is used for controlling the timing of signals in the computer.
The function of the clock is to control the timing of signals in the computer.

5. The 3.5“ floppy drive is used for reading and writing to removable magnetic disks.
The 3.5“ floppy drive is used to read and write to removable magnetic disks.

6. The monitor displays the output from a computer on a screen.

The function of the monitor is to display the output from a computer on a screen.

7. The keyboard is used to input data through keys like a typewriter.

The keyboard is used for inputting data through keys like a typewriter.

8. The DVD-ROM drive is used for reading DVD-ROMs.

The function of the DVD-ROM drive is to read DVD-ROMs.

9. Cache provides extremely fast access for sections of a program and its data.
Cache is used to provide extremely fast access for sections of a program and its data.

10. ROM is used to hold instructions which are needed to start up the computer.
ROM is used for holding instructions which are needed to start up the computer.

Task 3

1. inside/in
2. from – to
3. into
4. between
5. outside – to
6. across – from – to
7. onto
8. from – along
5
Engleski jezik::Predavanje/Vjezbe
http://dl.fit.ba/