02.CAMD Lab Manual Final
02.CAMD Lab Manual Final
1. Students must attend the lab classes with ID cards and in the prescribed uniform.
2. Boys-shirts tucked in and wearing closed leather shoes. Girls’ students with cut shoes,
overcoat, and plait incite the coat. Girls’ students should not wear loose garments.
3. Students must check if the components, instruments and machinery are in working
condition before setting up the experiment.
4. Power supply to the experimental set up/ equipment/ machine must be switched on
only after the faculty checks and gives approval for doing the experiment. Students
must start to the experiment. Students must start doing the experiments only after
getting permissions from the faculty.
5. Any damage to any of the equipment/instrument/machine caused due to carelessness,
the cost will be fully recovered from the individual (or) group of students.
6. Students may contact the lab in charge immediately for any unexpected incidents and
emergency.
7. The apparatus used for the experiments must be cleaned and returned to the
technicians, safely without any damage.
8. Make sure, while leaving the lab after the stipulated time, that all the power
connections are switched off.
9. EVALUATIONS:
All students should go through the lab manual for the experiment to be carried
out for that day and come fully prepared to complete the experiment within the
prescribed periods. Student should complete the lab record work within the
prescribed periods.
Students must be fully aware of the core competencies to be gained by doing
experiment/exercise/programs.
Students should complete the lab record work within the prescribed periods.
The following aspects will be assessed during every exercise, in every lab
class and marks will be awarded accordingly:
Preparedness, conducting experiment, observation, calculation, results,
record presentation, basic understanding and answering for viva
questions.
In case of repetition/redo, 25% of marks to be reduced for the respective
component.
NOTE 1
Preparation means coming to the lab classes with neatly drawn circuit
diagram/experimental setup /written programs /flowchart, tabular columns, formula,
model graphs etc in the observation notebook and must know the step by step
procedure to conduct the experiment.
Conducting experiment means making connection, preparing the experimental setup
without any mistakes at the time of reporting to the faculty.
Observation means taking correct readings in the proper order and tabulating the
readings in the tabular columns.
Calculation means calculating the required parameters using the approximate
formula and readings.
Result means correct value of the required parameters and getting the correct shape of
the characteristics at the time of reporting of the faculty.
Viva voice means answering all the questions given in the manual pertaining to the
experiments.
Full marks will be awarded if the students performs well in each case of the
above component
NOTE 2
Incompletion or repeat of experiments means not getting the correct value of the
required parameters and not getting the correct shape of the characteristics of the first
attempt. In such cases, it will be marked as “IC” in the red ink in the status column
of the mark allocation table given at the end of every experiment. The students are
expected to repeat the incomplete the experiment before coming to the next lab.
Otherwise the marks for IC component will be reduced to zero.
NOTE 3
Absenteeism due to genuine reasons will be considered for doing the missed
experiments.
In case of power failure, extra classes will be arranged for doing those experiments
only and assessment of all other components preparedness; viva voice etc. will be
completed in the regular class itself.
NOTE 4
The end semester practical internal assessment marks will be based on the average of
all the experiments and model exam marks.
INDEX
Ex. Page
Date Name of the Experiment Marks Remarks
No. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Completed date:
Aim: To study about Dimensioning, Sectional views, abbreviations and conventions, Welding
symbols and surface finish symbols.
LINES
The basis of any drawing is a line. The use of a right type of line results in a correct
drawing. The Bureau of Indian Standards has prescribed the types of lines in its code IS-
10714-1983 to be used for making a general engineering drawing. Table 1 shows the types
and thickness of lines used for various purposes. Each line is used for a definite purpose and
it should not be used for anything else. The various types of lines and their uses are described
below:
(a) Outlines (A). Lines drawn to represent visible edges and surface boundaries of objects are
called outlines or principal lines. These are continuous thick lines.
(b) Margin Lines (A). These are continuous thick lines along which the prints are trimmed.
(c) Dimension Lines (B). These lines are continuous thin lines. These are terminated at the
outer ends by pointed arrowheads touching the outlines, extension lines or centre lines.
(d) Extension or Projection Lines (B). These lines are also continuous thin lines. They
extend by about 3 mm beyond the dimension lines.
(e) Construction Lines (B). These lines are drawn for constructing figures. These are shown
in geometrical drawings only. These are continuous thin light lines.
(f) Hatching or Section Lines (B). These lines are drawn to make the section evident. These
are continuous thin lines and are drawn generally at an angle of 45 0 to the main outline of the
section. These are uniformly spaced about 1 mm to 2 mm apart.
(g) Leader or Pointer Lines (B). Leader line is drawn to connect a note with the feature
to which it applies. It is a continuous thin line.
(h) Border Lines (B). Perfectly rectangular working space is determined by drawing the
border lines. These are continuous thin lines.
(j) Short-Break Lines (C). These lines are continuous, thin and wavy. These are drawn
freehand and are used to show a short break, or irregular boundaries.
(k) Long-Break Lines (D). These lines are thin ruled lines with short zigzags within them.
These are drawn to show long breaks.
(l) Hidden or Dotted Lines (E or F). Interior or hidden edges and surfaces are shown
by hidden lines. These are also called dashed lines or dotted lines.
(m) Centre Lines (G). Centre lines are drawn to indicate the axes of cylindrical, conical or
spherical objects or details, and also to show the centers of circles and arcs
Table 1 - Types of Lines
DIMENSIONING
Introduction
A drawing of an object is prepared to define its shape and to specify its size. The
shape description is based on projection and the size description on dimensioning. Every
drawing must give its complete size description stating length, width, thickness, diameter of
holes, grooves, angles, etc. and such other details relating to its construction. To give all those
measurements and information describing the size of the object in the drawing is called
dimensioning.
Placing of Dimensions: The Dimensions show the relevant features more clearly. The two
recommended systems of placing the dimensions are:
(a) Aligned System. In this system, all dimensions are so placed that these may be read
from the bottom or the right hand edge of the drawing sheet. All dimensions should be placed
above the dimension lines. (Refer Fig. 1)
(b) Unidirectional System. In this system, all dimensions are so placed that these may be
read from the bottom edge of the drawing sheet. In this system, there is no restriction
controlling the direction of dimension lines. This system is advantageous on large drawings,
where it is inconvenient to read dimensions from the right hand side. In this method, all
dimension lines are interrupted, preferably near the middle for the insertion of the dimension
value. (Refer Fig. 2)
Conventional Breaks
Long parts such as bars, shafts, pipes, etc, are generally shown broken in the middle by
conventional breaks to accommodate their view of whole length without reducing the scale.
The shape of the broken section is indicated either by a revolved section or more often by a
same pictorial break line.
Conventional symbols are also used in the drawing to indicate many details such as knurl,
flat surface, chain, rolled shapes, electrical apparatus, etc. Symbol of two crossed diagonals
are used for two distinct purposes, first to indicate on a shaft the position of finish for a
bearing and second to indicate that a certain surface is flat usually parallel to the picture plan.
Machining Symbol
Result:
Ex.No:
Date:
AIM: To study about welding symbols, sectional views, limits fits and tolerances.
WELDING SYMBOLS
Combined Symbols
The positioning of weld symbols on drawing consists of
Tolerance:
It is impossible to make anything to an exact size, therefore it is essential to allow a
definite tolerance or permissible variation on every specified dimension. Unilateral
tolerances, are preferred over bilateral because the operator can machine to the upper limit of
the shaft (or lower limit of a hole) still having the whole tolerance left for machining to avoid
rejection of parts.
Unilateral Tolerance:
· Tolerances on a dimension may either be unilateral or bilateral.
· When the two limit dimensions are only on one side of the nominal size, (either above
or below) the tolerances are said to be unilateral.
· For unilateral tolerances, a case may occur when one of the limits coincide with the
basic size.
Bilateral Tolerance:
When the two limit dimensions are above and below nominal size, (i.e. on either side
of the nominal size) the tolerances are said to be bilateral.
Fit
Fit is the difference between the sizes of the hole and the shaft.
Clearance
In a fit, this is the difference between the sizes of the hole and the shaft, before
assembly, when this difference is positive. The clearance may be maximum clearance and
minimum clearance. Minimum clearance in the fit is the difference between the maximum
size of the hole and the minimum size of the shaft.
Interference
It is the difference between the sizes of the hole and the shaft before assembly, when
the difference is negative. The interference may be maximum or minimum. Maximum
interference is arithmetical difference between the minimum size of the hole and the
maximum size of the shaft before assembly. Minimum interference is the difference between
the maximum size of the hole and the minimum size of the shaft.
Transition
It is between clearance and interference, where the tolerance zones of the holes and
shaft overlap
1. Clearance Fit.
2. Interference Fit.
3. Transition Fit.
Clearance Fit
In clearance fit, an air space or clearance exists between the shaft and hole as shown
in below figure. Such fits give loose joint. A clearance fit has positive allowance, i.e. there is
minimum positive clearance between high limit of the shaft and low limit of the hole
Interference Fit
A negative difference between diameter of the hole and the shaft is called
interference. In such cases, the diameter of the shaft is always larger than the hole diameter.
In below figure Interference fit has a negative allowance, i.e. interference exists between the
high limit of hole and low limit of the shaft. In such a fit, the tolerance zone of the hole is
always below that of the shaft. The shaft is assembled by pressure or heat expansion.
Transition Fit
It may result in either clearance fit or interference fit depending on the actual value of
the individual tolerances of the mating components. Transition fits are a compromise between
clearance and interference fits. They are used for applications where accurate location is
important but either a small amount of clearance or interference is permissible. As shown in
below figure, there is overlapping of tolerance zones of the hole and shaft.
SECTIONAL VIEWS
Sectional views, commonly called sections, are used to show interior detail that is too
complicated to be shown clearly and dimensioned by the traditional orthographic views and
hidden lines.
A sectional view is obtained making an imaginary cut through the part, and by
drawing the features on the cut surface, as shown in Figure. In a drawing, the exposed or cut
surfaces are identified by section lining, or crosshatching.
Section views show internal part detail as solid lines instead of hidden lines, which improve
communication. Hidden lines and details behind the cutting-plane line are usually omitted
unless they are required for clarity. A sectional view can sometimes replace one of the regular
views, for example, a regular front view as shown.
The Cutting-Plane Line
A cutting-plane line indicates where the imaginary cutting takes place. The position of
the cutting plane is indicated, when necessary, on a view of the object or assembly by a
cutting- plane line. The ends of the cutting-plane line are bent at 90 degrees and terminated
by arrowheads to indicate the direction of sight for viewing the section. Cutting planes are not
shown on sectional views. The cutting-plane line may be omitted when it corresponds to the
centerline of the part or when only one sectional view appears on a drawing.
Section Lines
Section lining indicates the surface that has been cut and makes it stand out clearly.
Section lines usually consist of thin parallel lines, drawn at an angle of approximately 45
degrees to the principal edges or axis of the part.
Because the exact material specifications for a part are usually given elsewhere, the
general use section lining (i.e., the 45 degree solid parallel lines) is recommended for general
use. When it is desirable to indicate differences in materials, other symbolic section lines are
used.
Types of Sections
Full Sections
When the cutting plane extends entirely through the object in a straight line and the
front half of the object is theoretically removed, a full section is obtained. This type of section
is used for both detail and assembly drawings. When the cutting plane divides the object into
two identical parts, it is not necessary to indicate its location. However, the cutting plane may
be identified and indicated in the usual manner to increase clarity.
Half Sections
A symmetrical object or assembly may be drawn as a half section, Figure showing one half
up to the center line in section and the other half in full view. A normal centerline is listed on
the section view. The wording, half section, can be confusing because one thinks of showing
half the part. Remember, a half section shows one-fourth of the part, not one-half
Offset Sections
In order to include features that are not in a straight line, the cutting-plane line may be offset
or bent, so as to include several planes or curved surfaces. An offset section is similar to a full
section in that the cutting plane extends through the object from one side to the other. The
change in direction of the cutting-plane line is not shown on the sectional view.
Local section A local section may be drawn if half or full section is not convenient. The local
break may be shown by a continuous thin free hand line
Revolved section:
Cross sections may be revolved in the relevant view or removed. When revolved in the
relevant view, the outline of the section should be shown with continuous thin lines. When
removed, the outline of the section should be drawn with continuous thick lines. The removed
section may be placed near to and connected with the view by a chain thin line or in a
different position and identified in the conventional manner.
Result:
Ex.No:
Date:
Aim:
To draw the free hand sketches of Keys, Pin joints, Fasteners, Hexagonal and Square
Head Bolts and Nuts, Conventional representation of Threads.
1. HEXAGONAL NUT
3. WASHER
4. HEXAGONAL BOLT AND NUT ASSEMBLY
6. SQUARE NUT
KEYS
3. FEATHER KEYS
Result:
Ex.No:
Date:
INTRODUCTION:
Riveted joints are permanent fastenings and riveting is one of the commonly used method
of producing rigid and permanent joints. Manufacture of boilers, storage tanks, etc., involve
joining of steel sheets, by means of riveted joints. These joints are also used to fasten rolled steel
sections in structural works, such as bridge and roof trusses.
A rivet is a round rod of circular cross-section. It consists of two parts, viz., head and
shank (Figure). Mild steel, wrought iron, copper and aluminium alloys are some of the metals
commonly used for rivets. The choice of a particular metal will depend upon the place of
application.
Riveting is the process of forming a riveted joint. For this, a rivet is first placed in the
hole drilled through the two parts to be joined. Then the shank end is made into a rivet head by
applying pressure, when it is either in cold or hot condition
.
Double strap diamond butt joint
Single riveted lap joint
Aim:
1. To create part drawing of Socket & spigot Joint using Auto CAD.
2. To assemble the parts of Socket & spigot joint using Auto CAD.
Procedure:
1. The drawings of socket, spigot, and cotter are studied.
2. The part and assembly drawing of socket, spigot, cotter are created using Auto CAD.
3. The Assembly of socket and spigot joint was created as per the drawing specification.
Commands used:
Sketcher Commands:
Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and View
Features Commands:
Extrude (Pad) and Cut, Revolve (Shaft), Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple,
Pattern Fastening Features
Assembly Commands:
Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly
Mating Commands:
Coincident, Concentric, Distance
Result:
Ex.No:
Date:
PART AND ASSEMBLY DRAWING OF SHAFT COUPLINGS
Aim:
1. To create part drawing of Flanged Coupling using Auto CAD.
2. To assemble the parts of Flanged Coupling using Auto CAD.
Procedure:
1. The drawings of Flanges, Shaft, Taper key, Hexagonal Bolt and Nut are studied.
2. The part and assembly drawing of Flanges, Shaft, Taper key, Hexagonal Bolt and Nut
are created using Auto CAD.
3. The Assembly of Flanged Coupling was created as per the drawing specification.
Commands used:
Sketcher Commands:
Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and View
Features Commands:
Extrude (Pad) and Cut, Revolve (Shaft), Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple,
Pattern Fastening Features
Assembly Commands:
Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly
Mating Commands:
Coincident, Concentric, Distance
Result:
Ex.No:
Date:
PART AND ASSEMBLY DRAWING OF PLUMMER BLOCK
Aim:
1. To create part drawing of PLUMMER BLOCK using Auto CAD.
2. To assemble the parts of PLUMMER BLOCK using Auto CAD.
Procedure:
1. The drawings of Body, Cap, Bearing top & Bottom half, Nuts and shaft are studied
2. The part and assembly drawing of Body, Cap, Bearing top & Bottom half Nuts and
shaft are created using Auto CAD.
3. The Assembly of Plummer block was created as per the drawing specification
Commands used:
Sketcher Commands:
Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and View
Features Commands:
Extrude (pad) and Cut, Revolve (shaft), Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple,
Pattern, Fastening Features
Assembly Commands:
Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly
Mating Commands:
Coincident, Concentric, Distance
Result:
Ex.No:
Date:
PART AND ASSEMBLY DRAWING OF TAILSTOCK
Aim:
1. To create part drawing of Lathe Tailstock using Auto CAD.
2. To assemble the parts of Lathe Tailstock using Auto CAD.
3. To understand the type of fits and tolerances used in Assembly.
Procedure:
1. The drawings of Body, Feather, Barrel, Screw Spindle, Flange, Screw, Feather key,
Hand wheel, Washer M12 -M16- M22, Hex Nut M12 - M16- M22, Stud, Handle,
Clamping plate, Sq. Head bolt and Centre are studied.
2. The part and assembly drawing of all the parts are created using Auto CAD.
3. The Assembly of Lathe Tailstock was created as per the drawing specification.
Commands used:
Sketcher Commands:
Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and View.
Features Commands:
Extrude (pad) and Cut, Revolve (shaft), Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple,
Pattern, Fastening Features.
Assembly Commands:
Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly.
Mating Commands:
Coincident, Concentric, Distance.
Result:
Ex.No:
Date:
PART AND ASSEMBLY DRAWING OF CONNECTING ROD
Aim:
1. To create part drawing of Connecting Rod using Auto CAD.
2. To assemble the parts of Connecting Rod using Auto CAD.
3. To understand the type of fits and tolerances used in Assembly.
Procedure:
1. The drawings of Connecting Rod, Bush, Stud, Pin, Bearing Brasses, Distance Piece,
Cover, Washer, Nut, and Split pin are studied.
2. The part and assembly drawing of all the parts are created using Auto CAD.
3. The Assembly of Connecting Rod was created as per the drawing specification.
Commands used:
Sketcher Commands:
Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and View.
Features Commands:
Extrude (pad) and Cut, Revolve (shaft), Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple,
Pattern, Fastening Features.
Assembly Commands:
Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly.
Mating Commands:
Coincident, Concentric, Distance.
Result:
Ex.No:
Date:
STUDY OF BASIC PRO-E COMMANDS AND 3D DRAWING PRACTICE
Aim:
1. To study the basic commands of Pro/E
2. To create 3D models using Pro/E.
Procedure:
1. Open Pro-E and go to part module.
2. Draw the following figures using the various commands like Extrude, Revolve,
Sweep, Blend etc.
Result:
Ex.No:
Date:
3D MODELING AND ASSEMBLY OF KNUCKLE JOINT USING PRO-E
Aim:
1. To create 3D models of Knuckle Joint parts using Pro/E.
2. To assemble the parts of Knuckle Joint using Pro/E.
3. To understand the type of fits and tolerances used in Assembly.
Procedure:
1. The modeling concepts – Solid modeling, Surface modeling were trailed in Pro/E by
creating 3D model of Knuckle Joint Parts – Fork, Eye, Pin, Collar, Taper pin
2. The options available in each Feature command are tried to understand the
capabilities of each command
3. Design Methods: Bottom-up Design, Top down Design are discussed
4. Assembly of Knuckle Joint was created using Bottom-up design approach
Result:
Ex.No:
Date:
Aim:
1. To create 3D models of SIMPLE ECCENTRIC parts using Pro/E.
2. To assemble the parts of Simple Eccentric using Pro/E.
3. To understand the type of fits and tolerances used in Assembly.
Procedure:
1. The drawings of Simple Eccentric parts (straps, sheave, shim, cheese headed bolt,
M12 nut, M12 lock nut) are studied.
2. 3D models of all the parts are created using Pro/E.
3. The Assembly of Simple Eccentric was created as per the drawing specification.
Commands used:
Sketcher Commands:
Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and View.
Features Commands:
Extrude (pad) and Cut, Revolve (shaft), Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple,
Pattern, Fastening Features.
Assembly Commands:
Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly.
Mating Commands:
Coincident, Concentric, Distance.
Result:
Ex.No:
Date:
Aim:
1. To create 3D models of UNIVERSAL JOINT parts using Pro/E.
2. To assemble the parts of Universal Joint using Pro/E.
3. To understand the type of fits and tolerances used in Assembly.
Procedure:
1. The drawings of Fork, Shaft, Centre, Parallel key, Pin, Collar and Taper pin are
studied.
2. 3D models of all the parts are created using Pro/E.
3. The Assembly of Universal Joint was created as per the drawing specification.
Commands used:
Sketcher Commands:
Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and View.
Features Commands:
Extrude (pad) and Cut, Revolve (shaft), Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple,
Pattern, Fastening Features.
Assembly Commands:
Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly.
Mating Commands:
Coincident, Concentric, Distance.
Result:
Ex.No:
Date:
Aim:
1. To create 3D models of MACHINE VICE parts using Pro/E.
2. To Assemble the parts of Machine Vice using Pro/E.
3. To understand the type of fits and tolerances used in Assembly.
Procedure:
1. The drawings of Body, Movable jaw, Jaw Grip, Screw M6, Screw Rod, Washer, Nut,
Lock Nut and Clamping plate are studied.
2. 3D models of all the parts are created using Pro/E.
3. The Assembly of Machine Vice was created as per the drawing specification.
Commands used:
Sketcher Commands:
Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and View.
Features Commands:
Extrude (pad) and Cut, Revolve (shaft), Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple,
Pattern, Fastening Features.
Assembly Commands:
Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly.
Mating Commands:
Coincident, Concentric, Distance.
Result:
Ex.No:
Date:
Aim:
1. To create 3D models of SCREW JACK parts using Pro/E.
2. To assemble the parts of Screw Jack using Pro/E.
Procedure:
1. The drawings of Body, Nut, Screw Spindle, Cup, Washer, Special CSK Screw and
Tommy Bar are studied.
2. 3D models of Body, Nut, Screw Spindle, Cup, Washer, Special CSK Screw and
Tommy bar are created using Pro/E.
3. The Assembly of Screw Jack was created as per the drawing specification.
Commands used:
Sketcher Commands:
Line, Circle, Arc, Fillet, Trim, Smart Dimension, Relations, Show, and View
Features Commands:
Extrude (pad) and Cut, Revolve (shaft), Fillet/Round, Chamfer, Hole - Simple,
Pattern, Fastening Features
Assembly Commands:
Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly
Mating Commands:
Coincident, Concentric, Distance
Result:
Additional Ex No: 01
Date:
DC COMPOUND MOTOR SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Additional Ex No: 02
Date:
3 WIRE SHUNT MOTOR POWER AND CONTROL SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS