Creative Writing

Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Elements, Techniques,
and Literary Devices in
Specific Forms of Poetry
Creative Writing – Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Elements, Techniques, and Literary Devices in Specific Forms
of Poetry
First Edition, 2020

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Creative Writing
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Elements, Techniques,
and Literary Devices in
Specific Forms of Poetry
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Creative Writing – Grade 11/12 Alternative Delivery Mode

(ADM) Module on Elements, Techniques, and Literary Devices in Forms of Poetry!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or

facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum

while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also

aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into

consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the

body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this

module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them

to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and

assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Creative Writing – Grade 11/12 Alternative Delivery Mode

(ADM) Module on Elements, Techniques, and Literary Devices in Forms of Poetry!

You are a living story. You have woven your own story of truth about your
life through interactions with the people around you. Your story is to be a part of
your own history. Every individual has good and bad experiences which can be
intertwined into meaningful and interesting stories. You only need to use your
imagination. Your imagination in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner are capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace.

This module had been designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities to guide you into learning independently. This will enable you to
become an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

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 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

1. Identify the various elements, techniques, and literary devices in specific

forms in poetry.
HUMSS_CW/MP11/12c-f-6
2. Write a short poem applying the various elements and literary devices
exploring innovative techniques.
HUMSS_CW/MP11/12c-f-10

What I Know

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. This refers to the overall organization of lines and/or the conventional

patterns of sound.
a. Device c. Structure
b. Rhyme d. Technique

2. These are series of lines grouped together and separated by an empty line
from others.
a. Form c. Stanza
b. Causality d. Foreshadowing

3. This is a poem that is usually composed of 7 lines.

a. Sestet c. Tercet
b. Septet d. Octave

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4. This is where lines end in similar sounds.
a. Flashback c. Rhyme
b. Imagery d. Symbolism

5. What gives pleasure and adds music to the poem?

a. Form c. Rhyme
b. Imagery d. Stanza

6. What is the attitude or feeling created by the poet towards the subject of the
poem?
a. Diction c. Rhyme
b. Imagery d. Tone

7. What is the wording that creates comparison between unlike objects or

things using figures of speech?
a. Alliteration c. Rhyme scheme
b. Figurative language d. Personification

8. This is the pattern of rhyme at the end of each verse or line in the poetry.
a. Rhyme c. End Rhyme
b. Rhythm d. Rhyme Scheme

9. This might not have an identifiable structure.

a. Couplet c. Quatrain
b. Free verse d. Cinquain

10. This is a poem with one speaker who expresses strong feelings.
a. Epic c. narrative poem
b. Lyric poetry d. descriptive poem

11. This kind of poem mostly uses imagery and adjectives.

a. Epic c. narrative poem
b. Lyric poetry d. descriptive poem

12. This kind of poem focuses on the features and characteristics of the subject.
a. Sonnet c. narrative poem

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 b. Lyric poem d. descriptive poem

13. What is the type of poetry where the lines and syllables do not have
measure?
a. Couplet c. Free Verse
b. Epic d. Haiku

14. This also controls the rhythm and the message of the poem.
a. Diction c. Rhyme
b. Lines d. Stanza

15. This is a poem that tells a story and resembles the plot line of a story.
a. Descriptive c. Narrative
b. Lyric d. Sonnet

Lesson
Elements, Techniques, and
2 Literary Devices in Poetry

The only thing to make poetry meaningful and powerful is to use various
elements of poetry. One of the most important elements of poetry is the structure.
To expand the meaning of the language and to evoke emotional responses, literary
devices and rhythm are necessary to attain musical effect.

What’s In

“Sonnet 18” is one of William Shakespeare’s most famous sonnets, and it is

a good example of how stanzas work in English sonnets. We can see 3 quatrains
with the rhyme scheme ABAB CDCD EFEF, ending with a closed couplet GG.

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 Sonnet 18
William Shakespeare

Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?

Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,

And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimm’d;

But thy eternal summer shall not fade

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;
Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st;

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
Answer the questions after reading the poem.

1. How many lines are there in the poem?

2. What is the rhyme scheme of the poem?
3. How many syllables are there in each line?
4. What do you call a stanza with four lines?
5. How many stanzas do you see?

What’s New

“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” written by William Wordsworth, is a poem

that tells the experience, imagination, and language of the speaker.

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 I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
William Wordsworth

I wandered lonely as a cloud

That floats on high o’er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.

Continuous as the stars that shine

And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.

The waves beside them danced; but they

Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
I gazed—and gazed—but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:

For oft, when on my couch I lie

In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.

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Answer the questions below: I Wandered Lonely as a
Cloud

What is the form of the poem?

Identify the rhyme scheme.

What figure of speech is used in the

first and seventh lines?

What figure of speech is used in the

last two lines?

What imagery is used in the fourth

and fifth lines?

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 What is It

The Elements of Poetry

The basic elements of poetry which organize a good poem include the
figurative language, imagery, rhyme, tone etc.

Figurative Language is wording that creates comparisons between unlike

objects or things using figures of speech.

Imagery is the use of picture or image that we perceive to convey sensory

experiences of the different senses to encourage you to create image in your mind’s
eyes, ears, and nose through poetic language.

Rhyme refers to any word that sounds alike at the end of the line of the
poem. It gives connection between words to the reader’s mind. The pattern of
rhymes is marked with the letters a, b, c, d, etc. The group of lines that rhyme at
the end are marked with letter a. The second group is marked with letter b.

Tone of a poem is the attitude that the poet or speaker creates toward the
subject of the poem and that we sense joy, sadness, anger, frustration, etc. through
the poet’s choice of words.

Structure of Poetry

When you analyze a poem, it is very important to look at the stanza

structure or style. Structure is the overall organization of lines and/or the
conventional patterns of sound. (Quexbook, 2017)

Lines are similar to a sentence and signal a pause in a flow. This also
controls the rhythm and the message of the poem.

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 Stanzas are a set of lines grouped together and separated by a blank space
from other stanzas. They are the poetic equivalent of a paragraph. There are a
variety of lengths of stanza and here are some common specific lengths:

• Couplet (2 lines)
• Tercet (3 lines)
• Quatrain (4 lines)
• Cinquain (5 lines)
• Sestet (6 lines) (sometimes it’s called a sixtain)
• Septet (7 lines)
• Octave (8 lines)

Free Verse poems do not follow any rules. Their creation is completely in the
hands of the author. A poem may or may not have a specific number of lines,
rhymes scheme and/or metrical pattern, but it can still be labelled according to its
form or style.

Here are the three most common types of poems according to form: (Quexbook,
2017)

1. Lyric Poetry: It is any poem with one speaker (not necessarily the poet) who
expresses strong thoughts and feelings. It is highly musical and can use
literary devices like rhyme to create a music quality. Most poems especially
modern ones are lyric poems.

Example

William Wordsworth (1770–1850) is the English Romantic poet, who believed

that poetry is "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from
emotion recollected in tranquility." His passion for nature is evident in poem "The
World Is Too Much with Us." He convicts materialism and separation from nature.

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 The World Is Too Much With Us
William Wordsworth

The world is too much with us; late and soon,

Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers;—
Little we see in Nature that is ours;
We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon!
This Sea that bares her bosom to the moon;
The winds that will be howling at all hours,
And are up-gathered now like sleeping flowers;
For this, for everything, we are out of tune;
It moves us not. Great God! I’d rather be
A Pagan suckled in a creed outworn;
So might I, standing on this pleasant lea,
Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn;
Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea;
Or hear old Triton blow his wreathèd horn.

2. Narrative Poem: It is a poem that tells a story which presents a series of

events through action and dialogue. It has plot, characters, and setting.

Example

“The Iliad” is an epic poem by Homer, who is the ancient Greek poet. “The Iliad”
narrates battles during the weeks of the Trojan War and the ten year Greek siege of
the city of Troy. “The Iliad” was written in the mid-8th Century BC. It is usually
considered to be the oldest work in the Western literature, and one of the timeless
poems and loved stories.

The Iliad
Homer

Sing, Goddess, Achilles' rage,

Black and murderous, that cost the Greeks
Incalculable pain, pitched countless souls

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 Of heroes into Hades' dark,
And left their bodies to rot as feasts
For dogs and birds, as Zeus' will was done.
Begin with the clash between Agamemnon-
The Greek warlord - and godlike Achilles.

Which of the immortal set these two

At each other’s throats?
Apollo

Zeu’s son and Leto’s offended

By the warlord. Agamemnon had dishonored
Chrises, Apollo’s priest, so the god
Struck the Greek camp with plaque
And the soldiers were dying of it.

3. Descriptive Poem: It is a poem that describes the world that surrounds the
speaker. It uses elaborate imagery and adjectives. While emotional is more
“outward-focused” than lyric poetry, which is more personal and
introspective.

Example:

James Reeves composed the poem "The Sea," where he compares the sea to
a living creature through an extended metaphor. The poem highlights the
sensory images, figures of speech, rhyme patterns and rhythms.

The Sea
James Reeves

The sea is a hungry dog,

Giant and grey.
He rolls on the beach all day.
With his clashing teeth and shaggy jaws
Hour upon hour he gnaws

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 The rumbling, tumbling stones,
And 'Bones, bones, bones, bones! '
The giant sea-dog moans,
Licking his greasy paws.

And when the night wind roars

And the moon rocks in the stormy cloud,
He bounds to his feet and snuffs and sniffs,
Shaking his wet sides over the cliffs,
And howls and hollos long and loud.

But on quiet days in May or June,

When even the grasses on the dune
Play no more their reedy tune,
With his head between his paws
He lies on the sandy shores,
So quiet, so quiet, he scarcely snores.

Techniques on Writing Poetry

1. Structure – Writers decide how long or how many syllable each line and
where it will pause. The number of line and stanzas are important because it
affects the experience of the readers.

2. Meaning and Form – The appropriate form of the poem depends on the
content or the meaning of the poem. Think an issue or idea that you want to
highlight to let your inspiration flow freely.

3. Rhyme – It gives pleasure and adds music to the poem. It also echoes in the
reader’s ear like a song.

4. Writing and Rewriting – There is no standard way of writing but you have
to focus on your subject. Use the best words to make your imagination real
to the mind of your reader. If there are lines that do not fit your goal, remove
it and replace it with better idea.

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 What’s More

After reading the poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, provide the needed

information below:

1. What does the author describe in the poem?

2. How many stanzas are there in the poem?

3. How many lines are there in each stanza?

4. What do you call a stanza with six lines?

5. How many syllables are there in each line?

6. Give two words that rhyme in the first stanza.

7. Give two words that rhyme in the second stanza.

8. What is the rhyme scheme of the poem?

9. Which lines have the same rhyme?

10. What type of poem is this according to form? Why do you think so?

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 What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks.

1. I have learned that _____________ is the overall organization of lines and/or the
conventional patterns of sound.
2. I have learned that _____________ are a series of lines grouped together and
separated by an empty line from other stanzas.
3. I have learned that Narrative Poem is a poem that tells a _____________ .
4. I have learned that “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” is written by _____________ .
5. I have learned that _____________ is the use of picture or image that we perceive to
convey sensory experiences.
6. I have learned that _____________ is a poem with one speaker who expresses strong
thoughts and feelings.
7. I have learned that _____________ is a poem that describes the world that surrounds
the speaker. It uses elaborate imagery and adjectives.
8. I have learned that _____________ refers to any word that sounds alike at the end of
the line of the poem.
9. I have learned that _____________ of a poem is the attitude that the poet or speaker
creates toward the subject of the poem.
10. I have learned that _____________ controls the rhythm and the message of the poem.
11. I have learned that _____________ poems do not follow any rules. Their creation is
completely in the hands of the author.
12. I have learned that _____________ poem tells a story and resembles the plot line of a
story.
13. I have learned that the number of line and stanzas are important because it affects
the experience of the _____________.
14. I have learned that _____________ is wording that creates comparisons between
unlike objects or things using figures of speech.
15. I have learned that _____________ is the meaning of the poem and the main idea
that the poet is trying to communicate.

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 What I Can Do

Look at the picture below, compose a well – written poem about the current
situation in the country. Use lyric, narrative, or descriptive type of poetry. Employ
literary devices and rhyming scheme with 2 quatrains (4 lines).

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 Assessment

Read the poem written by PV who is a member of the Voices of Youth

(UNICEF). The writer reveals his thoughts and feelings towards his environment.

When Will We Realize?

PV

I remember
I remember oceans trembling and spilling gently with water.
I remember dew drops glistening on pinecones, roses and buttercups
reflecting the colours of spice blush and butter Barefoot and silent,
I remember cupping mouthfuls of fresh river water picking up dried up petals.
I remember those beautiful days.

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Those beautiful days when the sun glowed just right.
Those beautiful days when the
wind swooped gently soothing the
harsh sunlight.
Once, this entire ground filled
crimson and coffee barks
and peeping through the bushels of
leaves I saw red flecked cardinals
sitting there twittering with no care
in the world.
The times when you could spot
children playing in the rich sand
Kicking shoving laughing with no
care in the world.
And drinking water from the ponds
and river and lake.

Now I’m crying.

Because it was all a dream.

A big dream made up in a small girl’s
mind
Because there is no water left
Because everything black-brown and
grey
Charcoal black
Mud-dirt brown.
And I could run around barefoot for a
hundred miles yet not see a single speck
of crimson nor coffee
What did we do?
Let me tell you as I wipe my tears
that these birds are now extinct
no longer can I spot flitting wings
coloured in hazel and maroon

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 because we destroyed its only homes
and replaced it with broken buildings filled with trash
for our benefit.
Let me tell you it’s becoming harder and harder to find that beautiful day
where the sun flushes just right
for
the quick cool winds have become dry.
and the glare of the sun has become sharp painful stings
So, I’m pleading to you
do something before it’s too late
before we become completely blind to mother earth’s pleading cries
and deaf to the frightened screams of birds and animals.
So, protest with me
So, march with us
So, scream with them
So, fight like you never have
Fight until you bleed the colour of guilt
because
for humans and humanity,
This is
Just
The
Beginning.

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 After you have analyzed the lyric poem “I Wondered lonely as a Cloud” by

William Wordsworth, this time, make a comparison between this poem and “When

Will We Realize?” written by PV.

✓ Analyze the type of form, the number of lines, stanzas, and the subject

of the poem.

✓ Complete the needed information inside the box.

I Wondered lonely as a Cloud When Will We Realize?

This is lyric poetry because the

speaker expresses strong thoughts
and feelings.

This poem has four stanzas.

This poem has six lines in each

stanza.

This poem has sestet stanza because

it has six lines.

The speaker describes the beauty of

daffodils.

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 Additional Activities

Follow the instructions and compose a short well-crafted poem applying the various

elements, techniques, and literary devices.

4. Make a list of fears, losses, happy memories, accomplishments, dreams, and

whatever you can think of. Take some of the ideas from these lists and see if

you can expand upon them.

Compose your own 14-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme. Each line

should have 5-7 syllables.

5. Read the song “Waves of Life” written by Pearly Valencia Villagracia.

✓ If you were a song, which song would you be and why?

✓ Do the lyrics have special meaning for you or does the song remind

you of a specific time or person? Discuss briefly.

✓ Does the music reflect your personality? Why?

✓ Is it fun and upbeat, quiet and meaningful or dark and moody?

✓ Study the structure of the song you like and fill in the grid below.

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 Waves of Life

Pearly Valencia Villagracia

Waves in the sea are like burdens in our life

Sometimes there is peace, sometimes there is strife

But storms can never be avoided sometimes

It comes and it goes into our own lives

Chorus

I will praise thee with the voice of joy

I will praise thee with the tears of joy

I will praise thee with the health of my song

I will praise unto the Lord, the most high

Bridge

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 God makes the storm calm to make the waves quiet

God makes peace as a river flows so silent

Righteousness and holiness like waves rest

TITLE OF THE SONG

Number of stanzas

Number of lines in each stanza

Number of syllables in each line

Number of words that rhyme at the end

of the line

Theme

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1. Read the narrative poem the “Ballad of the Harp Weaver” written by Edna St.

Vincent Millay. Identify the plot, characters, and setting presented in the

poem.

Ballad of the Harp Weaver

Edna St. Vincent Millay

"Son," said my mother,

When I was knee-high,

"You've need of clothes to cover you,

And not a rag have I.

"There's nothing in the house

To make a boy breeches,

Nor shears to cut a cloth with

Nor thread to take stitches.

"There's nothing in the house

But a loaf-end of rye,

And a harp with a woman's head

Nobody will buy,"

And she began to cry.

That was in the early fall.

When came the late fall,

"Son," she said, "the sight of you

Makes your mother's blood crawl, -

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 26
What’s More: What I Know:
What’s New
1.C
1. Nature
What’s In:
2.C
2. Four 1.Lyric 1. 14
3.B
3. Six 2. ABAB, 4.C
4. Sestet 2.ABABCC CDCD,EFEF, 5.C
5. Eight GG 6.D
3.Metaphor 7.B
6. Answer may vary 3. 10
8.C
4. 4 QUATRAIN
7. Answer may vary 9.B
4.Personification
5. THREE
8. ABABCC 10.B
5.Four 11.D
9. Answer may vary
12.D
10. Lyric
13.C
14.A
15.C
Answer Key
 27
Assessment:
What I Have
Learned:
Answers may 1. Structure
2. Stanza
vary
3. Story
4. William
Answers may vary Wordsworth
5. Imagery
6. Lyric Poetry
What I Can Do:
7. Descriptive
Additional Activity: 8. Rhyme
9. Tone
Answers may
10. Line
vary
Answer Key
References

Homer. “The Iliad”. examples.yourdictionary.com.

https://examples.yourdictionary.com/reference/examples/narrative-poem-
examples.html

Manalo, Godfree. 2017. “Creative Writing”. [email protected]

http://quexbook.com/

Milay, Edna. 1922. “Ballad of the Harp-Weaver “. Flying Cloud Press.

https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/53241/the-ballad-of-the-harp-
weaver

PV. 2020. "When Will We Realize?". [email protected].

http://www.voicesofyouth.org.

Reeves, James. “The Sea”. PoemHunter.com

https://www. Poemhunter.com/the-sea-36/

Shakespeare, William. 1609. “Sonnet 18”. [email protected].

http://www.poetryfoundation.org.

Victor. William. 2009. “Poetry Techniques”. creative -writing -now.com

https://www. creative -writing-now.com/poetry-techniques.html

Wordsworth, William. “The World Is Too Much With Us”. Poetry Foundation
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45564/the-world-is-too-much-
with-us

Wordsworth, William. 1807. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”. Literary Devices.net

http://literarydevices.net/i-wandered-lonely-as-acloud/#

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: [email protected]