Statistical Analysis Plan Study Title
Statistical Analysis Plan Study Title
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................................. 2
LIST OF IN-TEXT FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... 3
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................................................................ 4
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 6
1.1. Study Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 6
1.2. Study Design ............................................................................................................................................ 6
1.3. Sample Size and Power ............................................................................................................................ 7
2. TYPE OF PLANNED ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................................... 8
2.1. Data Monitoring Committee Analyses ..................................................................................................... 8
2.2. Final Analysis .......................................................................................................................................... 8
3. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR DATA ANALYSES .............................................................................. 9
3.1. Analysis Sets ............................................................................................................................................ 9
3.1.1. All Randomized Analysis Set ................................................................................................. 9
3.1.2. Full Analysis Set .................................................................................................................... 9
3.1.3. Per Protocol Analysis Set ....................................................................................................... 9
3.1.4. Safety Analysis Set............................................................................................................... 10
3.1.5. Pharmacokinetic Analysis Set .............................................................................................. 10
3.2. Subject Grouping ................................................................................................................................... 10
3.3. Strata and Covariates.............................................................................................................................. 10
3.4. Examination of Subject Subgroups ........................................................................................................ 11
3.5. Multiple Comparisons ............................................................................................................................ 11
3.6. Missing Data and Outliers ...................................................................................................................... 12
3.6.1. Missing Data ........................................................................................................................ 12
3.6.2. Outliers ................................................................................................................................. 12
3.7. Data Handling Conventions and Transformations ................................................................................. 12
3.8. Analysis Visit ......................................................................................................................................... 13
3.8.1. Definition of Study Day ....................................................................................................... 13
3.8.2. Analysis Visit ....................................................................................................................... 13
3.8.3. Selection of Data in the Event of Multiple Records ............................................................. 14
4. SUBJECT DISPOSITION .................................................................................................................................. 15
4.1. Subject Enrollment and Disposition ....................................................................................................... 15
4.2. Extent of Study Drug Exposure and Adherence..................................................................................... 16
4.2.1. Duration of Exposure to Study Drug .................................................................................... 16
4.2.2. Adherence to Study Drug ..................................................................................................... 16
4.3. Protocol Deviations ................................................................................................................................ 17
5. BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................................... 18
5.1. Demographics ........................................................................................................................................ 18
5.2. Other Baseline Characteristics ............................................................................................................... 18
5.3. Medical History...................................................................................................................................... 19
6. EFFICACY ANALYSES ................................................................................................................................... 20
6.1. Primary Efficacy Endpoint ..................................................................................................................... 20
6.1.1. Definition of the Primary Efficacy Endpoint ....................................................................... 20
6.1.2. Analysis for the Primary Efficacy Endpoint......................................................................... 20
6.1.3. Sensitivity Analysis for Primary Efficacy Endpoint ............................................................ 21
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AE adverse event
ALT alanine aminotransferase
ANCOVA analysis of covariance
AST aspartate aminotransferase
ATC Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (drug class)
BLQ below the limit of quantification
BMI body mass index
CI confidence interval
CSR clinical study report
DAVG difference between time-weighted average post-baseline and baseline
DMC Data Monitoring Committee
ECG electrocardiogram
eCRF electronic case report forms
EOT end of treatment
FAS Full Analysis Set
HCT hematopoietic cell transplant
HLT high level term
HLGT high level group term
ICH International Conference on Harmonisation
ICU Intensive Care Unit
ID identification
IMP investigational medicinal product
IWRS interactive web response system
LLT lower level term
LOQ limit of quantification
LRTI lower respiratory tract infection
MedDRA medical dictionary for regulatory activities
ml milliliter
MMRM mixed-effect model with repeated measures
PK pharmacokinetics
PP Per Protocol
PT preferred term
Q1 first quartile
Q3 third quartile
RSV respiratory syncytial virus
RT-qPCR quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction
SAP statistical analysis plan
SD standard deviation
SE standard error
SOC system organ class
TEAE treatment-emergent adverse event
TFLs tables, figures, and listings
WHO World Health Organization
1. INTRODUCTION
This statistical analysis plan (SAP) describes the statistical analysis methods and data
presentations to be used in tables, figures, and listings (TFLs) in the clinical study report (CSR)
for Study GS-US-218-1502. This SAP is based on the study protocol Amendment 7 dated
28 March 2016 and the electronic case report forms (eCRF) for this study. The SAP will be
finalized before the database finalization. Any changes made after the finalization of the SAP
will be documented in the CSR.
Primary Objective
Secondary Objectives
• To evaluate the effect of presatovir on being free of any supplemental oxygen, and rates of
respiratory failure and all-cause mortality
All subjects will be permitted to receive the standard of care therapy for RSV infection per their
local medical practices, in addition to the investigational medicinal product (IMP).
Subjects will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive IMP (presatovir or placebo) and will be
stratified by 2 factors:
• Treatment of current RSV infection (yes or no) with ribavirin (oral, intravenous, or
aerosolized)
Visit 5 (Day 7), Visit 6 (Day 9), Visit 7 (Day 13), Visit 8 (Day 17), Visit 9 (Day 22), and end of
study (Day 28). Four additional visits at Days 35, 42, 49, and 56 will only be completed for
subjects who consent to the optional extended viral monitoring and test positive for RSV at Visit
9 (Day 22) (see Figure 1-1).
Sample size calculations are based on results observed in a study that evaluated the efficacy of
oral and aerosolized ribavirin treatment for preventing progression from upper to lower
respiratory tract infection in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients with RSV infections
(unpublished data from Dr. PPD ). The sample size calculation assumes the
time-weighted average change in RSV log 10 viral load from Day 1 to Day 9 in the placebo group
will be -1.5 log 10 copies/mL with a corresponding standard deviation (SD) of 1.75, and that 85%
of the subjects will be evaluable. Based on these assumptions, with 25 subjects per group there is
approximately 85% power to detect a 1.5 log difference in time-weighted average change in
log 10 viral load between treatment groups using a 2-sided 0.05-level test. Given an evaluable rate
of 85%, a total of 60 subjects will need to be randomized into the study.
Visit 5 (Day 7), Visit 6 (Day 9), Visit 7 (Day 13), Visit 8 (Day 17), Visit 9 (Day 22), and end of
study (Day 28). Four additional visits at Days 35, 42, 49, and 56 will only be completed for
subjects who consent to the optional extended viral monitoring and test positive for RSV at Visit
9 (Day 22) (see Figure 1-1).
Sample size calculations are based on results observed in a study that evaluated the efficacy of
oral and aerosolized ribavirin treatment for preventing progression from upper to lower
respiratory tract infection in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients with RSV infections
(unpublished data from Dr. PPD ). The sample size calculation assumes the
time-weighted average change in RSV log 10 viral load from Day 1 to Day 9 in the placebo group
will be -1.5 log 10 copies/mL with a corresponding standard deviation (SD) of 1.75, and that 85%
of the subjects will be evaluable. Based on these assumptions, with 25 subjects per group there is
approximately 85% power to detect a 1.5 log difference in time-weighted average change in
log 10 viral load between treatment groups using a 2-sided 0.05-level test. Given an evaluable rate
of 85%, a total of 60 subjects will need to be randomized into the study.
An external multidisciplinary Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) will review the progress of
the study and perform interim reviews of safety data in order to protect subject welfare and
preserve study integrity. To ensure the best interests of the participants, the DMC will
recommend to the sponsor if the nature, frequency, and severity of adverse effects associated
with study treatment warrant the early termination of the study, the continuation of the study, or
the continuation of the study with modifications.
The DMC’s role and responsibilities and the scope of analysis to be provided to the DMC are
provided in a mutually agreed upon charter, which defines the DMC membership, meeting
logistics, and meeting frequency.
The initial safety review occurred after approximately 25% of the planned 60 subjects were
enrolled and completed Day 28 visit or discontinued the study. No additional meetings were
scheduled due to the reasons specified in Section 7.7.
After all subjects have completed the study, outstanding data queries have been resolved, and the
data have been cleaned and finalized, the study blind will be broken and the final analysis of the
data will be performed.
Analysis results will be presented using descriptive statistics. For categorical variables, the
number and percentage of subjects in each category will be presented; for continuous variables,
the number of subjects (n), mean, standard deviation (SD) or standard error (SE), median, first
quartile (Q1), third quartile (Q3), minimum, and maximum will be presented.
By-subject listings will be presented for all subjects in the relevant analysis set, and sorted by
subject ID number, visit date, and time (if applicable). Data collected on log forms, such as AEs,
will be presented in chronological order within the subject. The treatment group to which
subjects were randomized will be used in the listings. Age, sex at birth, race, and ethnicity will
be included in the listings, as space permits.
3.1. Analysis Sets
Analysis sets define the subjects to be included in an analysis. Analysis sets and their definitions
are provided in this section. Subjects included in each analysis set will be determined before the
study blind is broken for analysis. The analysis set will be identified and included as a subtitle of
each table, figure, and listing.
For each analysis set, the number and percentage of subjects eligible for inclusion, as well as the
number and percentage of subjects who were excluded, will be summarized by treatment group.
A listing of reasons for exclusion from analysis sets will be provided by subject.
3.1.1. All Randomized Analysis Set
All Randomized Analysis Set includes all subjects who were randomized in the study.
3.1.2. Full Analysis Set
The Full Analysis Set (FAS) includes all randomized subjects who received at least 1 full dose of
study drug, and have an RSV viral load greater than or equal to the lower limit of quantification
of the RT-qPCR assay in the Day 1 nasal sample, as determined by RT-qPCR at the central lab.
This is the primary analysis set for efficacy analyses.
3.1.3. Per Protocol Analysis Set
The Per-Protocol (PP) Analysis Set includes subjects in the FAS who meet the following criteria:
IC #4: Documented RSV in both the upper and lower respiratory tract as determined by
local testing collected ≤ 6 days prior to Day 1
• Did not administered invalid (eg, expired, damaged, quarantined, improperly stored) study
drug
• Not be dispensed incorrect study drug (wrong bottle) or drug from another study
• Missed < 3 nasal swab samples over the course of the study
The PP Analysis Set is the secondary analysis set for efficacy analyses.
The Safety Analysis Set includes subjects who took at least 1 full dose of study drug. This is the
primary analysis set for safety analyses.
The Pharmacokinetic (PK) Analysis Set includes all subjects in the Safety Analysis Set who have
evaluable on-study PK measurements. This is the primary analysis set for all PK analyses.
For analyses based on the FAS and PP Analysis Set, subjects will be grouped according to the
treatment to which they were randomized. For analyses based on the Safety Analysis Set,
subjects will be grouped according to the actual treatment received. The actual treatment
received will differ from the randomized treatment only when their actual treatment differs from
randomized treatment for the entire treatment duration.
For the PK Analysis Set, subjects will be grouped according to the actual treatment they
received.
Subjects will be randomly assigned to treatment groups via the interactive web response system
(IWRS) in a 1:1 ratio using a stratified randomization schedule. Stratification will be based on
the following parameters:
• Treatment of current RSV infection (yes or no) with ribavirin (oral, intravenous, or
aerosolized)
If there are discrepancies in stratification factor values between the IWRS and the clinical
database, the values recorded in the clinical database will be used for analyses.
Efficacy endpoints will be evaluated using stratification factors as covariates for analyses, as
specified in Section 6. In the event the number of subjects within a stratum of the stratification
factor is small (eg. ≤ 4 subjects), the stratum will be collapsed with the adjacent stratum for the
analysis.
For efficacy endpoints, the baseline value of the efficacy variables will be included as a covariate
in the efficacy analysis model.
The primary and secondary efficacy endpoints will be examined using the following subgroups:
The primary efficacy endpoint will also be examined by RSV type (RSV A or RSV B).
In order to account for multiple hypothesis testing of endpoints, a sequential testing procedure
will be used to control the Type 1 error rate of 0.05 across the primary and secondary endpoints.
The primary endpoint analysis will serve as the gatekeeper for the secondary analyses, ie, the
primary efficacy hypothesis must be rejected at the 2-sided 0.05 significance level before the
efficacy hypotheses for the secondary efficacy endpoints can be evaluated.
If the primary null hypothesis is rejected, then the following secondary endpoints will be tested
sequentially at 2-sided α = 0.05 significance level in the order listed below based upon the closed
testing procedure {Dmitrienko 2003}.
• Proportion of subjects developing respiratory failure (of any cause) requiring mechanical
ventilation (invasive or noninvasive) through Day 28
In general, missing data will not be imputed unless methods for handling missing data are
specified. Exceptions are presented in this document.
For missing last dosing date of study drug, imputation rules are described in Section 4.2.1. The
handling of missing or incomplete dates for AE onset is described in Section 7.1.5.2 and for prior
and concomitant medications in Section 7.4. The handling of missing data in analyses of the
efficacy endpoints is discussed in Section 6.
3.6.2. Outliers
Outliers will be identified during the data management and data analysis process, but no
sensitivity analyses will be conducted. All data will be included in the data analyses.
In general, age (in years) on the date of the first dose of study drug will be used for analyses and
presentation in listings. If an enrolled subject was not dosed with any study drug, the
randomization date will be used instead of the first dosing date of study drug. For screen failures,
the date the informed consent was signed will be used for age calculation. If only the birth year is
collected on the eCRF, “01 January” will be used for the unknown birth day and month for the
purpose of age calculation. If only birth year and month are collected, “01” will be used for the
unknown birth day.
Non-PK data that are continuous in nature but are less than the lower limit of quantitation (LOQ)
or above the upper LOQ will be imputed as follows:
• A value that is 1 unit less than the LOQ will be used to calculate descriptive statistics if the
datum is reported in the form of “< x” (where x is considered the LOQ). For example, if the
values are reported as < 50 and < 5.0, values of 49 and 4.9, respectively, will be used to
calculate summary statistics. An exception to this rule is any value reported as < 1 or < 0.1,
etc. For values reported as < 1 or < 0.1, a value of 0.9 or 0.09, respectively, will be used to
calculate summary statistics.
• A value that is 1 unit above the LOQ will be used to calculate descriptive statistics if the
datum is reported in the form of “> x” (where x is considered the LOQ). Values with decimal
points will follow the same logic as above.
• The LOQ will be used to calculate descriptive statistics if the datum is reported in the form of
“≤ x” or “≥ x” (where x is considered the LOQ).
If methods based on the assumption that the data are normally distributed are not adequate,
analyses may be performed on transformed data (eg, log-transformed data) or nonparametric
analysis methods may be used, as appropriate.
Plasma concentration values that are below the limit of quantitation (BLQ) will be presented as
“BLQ” in the concentration data listing. Values that are BLQ will be treated as 0 at predose time
points, and one-half the value of the LOQ at post-baseline time points.
The following conventions will be used for the presentation of summary and order statistics:
• If at least 1 subject has a concentration value of BLQ for the time point, the minimum value
will be displayed as “BLQ.”
• If more than 25% of the subjects have a concentration data value of BLQ for a given time
point, the minimum and Q1 values will be displayed as “BLQ.”
• If more than 50% of the subjects have a concentration data value of BLQ for a given time
point, the minimum, Q1, and median values will be displayed as “BLQ.”
• If more than 75% of the subjects have a concentration data value of BLQ for a given time
point, the minimum, Q1, median, and Q3 values will be displayed as “BLQ.”
• If all subjects have concentration data values of BLQ for a given time point, all order
statistics (minimum, Q1, median, Q3, and maximum) will be displayed as “BLQ.”
• For days prior to the first dose: Assessment Date – First Dosing Date
Therefore, study day 1 is the day of first dose of study drug administration.
• An unscheduled visit prior to the first dosing of study drug may be included in the calculation
of the baseline value, if applicable.
• Unscheduled visits after the first dose of study drug will be included in determining the
maximum post-baseline toxicity grade.
• For subjects who prematurely discontinue from the study, early termination (ET) data will be
assigned to the next scheduled visit where the respective data were scheduled to be collected.
• Data collected on an extended viral load monitoring visit will be summarized as a separate
visit, and labeled as Day 35, 42, 49, or 56.
• In general, the baseline value will be the last nonmissing value on or prior to the first dosing
date of study drug, unless specified differently. If multiple measurements occur on the same
day, the last nonmissing value prior to the time of first dosing of study drug will be
considered as the baseline value. If these multiple measurements occur at the same time or
the time is not available, the average of these measurements (for continuous data) will be
considered the baseline value. For the efficacy endpoints, if no measurements occur prior to
the time of first dosing of study drug, the first nonmissing value on the first dosing date of
study drug will be considered as the baseline value.
The record closest to the nominal day for that visit will be selected.
If there are 2 records that are equidistant from the nominal day, the later record will be
selected.
If there is more than 1 record on the selected day, the average will be taken, unless
otherwise specified.
If multiple valid, non-missing, categorical measurements exist for one visit, records will be
chosen based on the following rules if a single value is needed:
• For baseline, the last available record on or prior to the date of the first dose of study drug
will be selected. If there are multiple records at the same time or no time recorded on the
same day, the value with the lowest severity will be selected unless otherwise specified.
The record closest to the nominal day for that visit will be selected.
If there are 2 records that are equidistant from the nominal day, the later record will be
selected.
If there is more than 1 record on the selected day, the value with the worst severity will
be used.
4. SUBJECT DISPOSITION
A summary of subject enrollment will be provided by treatment group for each country,
investigator within a country, and overall. The summary will present the number and percentage
of subjects enrolled. For each column, the denominator for the percentage calculation will be the
total number of subjects analyzed for that column.
A similar enrollment table will be provided by randomization stratum. The denominator for the
percentage of subjects in the stratum will be the total number of randomized subjects. If there are
discrepancies in the value used for stratification assignment between the IWRS and the clinical
database or other source documents, the value collected in the clinical database will be used for
the summary. A listing of subjects with discrepancies in the value used for stratification
assignment between the IWRS and the clinical database at the time of data finalization will be
provided.
The randomization schedule used for the study will be provided as an appendix to the CSR.
A summary of subject disposition will be provided by treatment group. This summary will
present the number of subjects screened, the number of subjects who met all eligibility criteria
but were not randomize with reasons subjects not randomized, the number of subjects
randomized, and the number of subjects in each of the categories listed below:
• PK Analysis Set
• Did not complete study drug with reasons for premature discontinuation of study drug
• Completed study
• Did not complete the study with reasons for premature discontinuation of study
• Did not complete the Extended Viral Load Monitoring Period with reasons for premature
discontinuation of Extended Viral Load Monitoring Period
For the status of study drug and study completion and reasons for premature discontinuation, the
number and percentage of subjects in each category will be provided. The denominator for the
percentage calculation will be the total number of subjects in the Safety Analysis Set
corresponding to that column.
The following by-subject listings will be provided by subject identification (ID) number in
ascending order to support the above summary tables:
• Reasons for screen failure (will be provided by screening ID number in ascending order)
Extent of exposure to study drug will be examined by assessing the total duration of exposure to
study drug and the level of adherence to the study drug specified in the protocol.
Total duration of exposure to study drug will be defined as last dosing date minus first dosing
date plus 4, regardless of any temporary interruptions in study drug administration, and will be
expressed in days using up to 1 decimal place (eg, 4.5 days). If the last study drug dosing date is
missing, the latest date among the study drug end date, clinical visit date, laboratory sample
collection date, and vital signs assessment date that occurred during the on-treatment period will
be used.
The total duration of exposure to study drug will be summarized using descriptive statistics (n,
mean, SD, median, Q1, Q3, minimum, and maximum), and using the number and percentage of
subjects exposed through the following time periods: Day 1 (Baseline), Day 5, Day 9, Day 13,
and Day 17. Summaries will be provided by treatment group for the Safety Analysis Set.
The total number of tablets administered will be summarized using descriptive statistics.
The presumed total number of tablets administered to a subject will be determined by the data
collected on the drug accountability eCRF using the following formula:
The level of prescribed adherence will be expressed as a percentage using the following formula:
Descriptive statistics for adherence (sample size, mean, SD, median, Q1, Q3, minimum, and
maximum) along with the number and percentage of subjects belonging to adherence categories
(eg, < 80% and ≥ 80%) will be provided by treatment group for the Safety Analysis Set.
A by-subject listing of study drug administration and drug accountability will be provided
separately by subject ID number (in ascending order) and visit (in chronological order).
Subjects who did not meet the eligibility criteria for study entry, but enrolled in the study will be
summarized regardless of whether they were exempted by the sponsor or not. The summary will
present the number and percentage of subjects who did not meet at least 1 eligibility criterion and
the number of subjects who did not meet specific entry criteria by treatment group based on the
All Randomized Analysis Set. A by-subject listing will be provided for those subjects who did
not meet at least 1 eligibility (inclusion or exclusion) criterion. The listing will present the
eligibility criterion (or criteria if more than 1 deviation) that subjects did not meet and related
comments, if collected.
Protocol deviations occurring after subjects entered the study are documented during routine
monitoring. The number and percentage of subjects with important protocol deviations by
deviation reason (eg, nonadherence to study drug, violation of selected inclusion/exclusion
criteria) will be summarized by treatment group for All Randomized Analysis Set. A by-subject
listing will be provided for those subjects with any protocol deviation.
5. BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS
5.1. Demographics
Subject demographic variables (ie, age, sex, race, and ethnicity) will be summarized by treatment
group and overall using descriptive statistics for age, and using number and percentage of
subjects for sex, race, and ethnicity. The summary of demographic data will be provided for the
Safety Analysis Set.
In addition, a similar summary table will be provided by the consent status of participation in the
Extended Viral Load Monitoring (yes or no).
A by-subject demographic listing, including the informed consent date, will be provided by
subject ID number in ascending order.
• Weight (kg)
• Height (cm)
• Vital signs (pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body temperature, and
respiratory rate)
• Smoking history
• Viral load
• Co-pathogen types
• Stratification factors
• Hospitalization (including hospitalization on the date of the first study drug administration
Yes/No, hospitalized types, duration of hospitalization prior to the date of the first study drug
administration, hospitalization reasons, hospitalization related to RSV infection)
These baseline characteristics will be summarized by treatment groups and overall using
descriptive statistics (n, mean, SD, median, Q1, Q3, minimum, and maximum) for continuous
variables and using number and percentage of subjects for categorical variables. In addition,
baseline characteristics will be summarized by the consent status of participation in the Extended
Viral Load Monitoring (yes or no) in a separate table. The summary of baseline characteristics
will be provided for the Safety Analysis Set. No formal statistical testing is planned.
Medical history will be collected at screening for disease-specific and general conditions
(ie, conditions not specific to the disease being studied).
HCT-specific medical history (eg, transplant type, graft versus host disease [GVHD], cell source,
cytomegalovirus [CMV] status, and time from transplant to the first dosing date) will be
summarized by treatment group and overall using descriptive statistics (n, mean, SD, median,
Q1, Q3, minimum, and maximum) for continuous variables and using the numbers and
percentages of subjects for categorical variables. A summary of HCT-specific medical history
will be provided for the Safety Analysis Set. No formal statistical testing is planned.
General medical history will not be coded, but will be listed only.
6. EFFICACY ANALYSES
The primary efficacy endpoint for this study is the time-weighted average change in log 10 RSV
viral load from Baseline (Day 1) to Day 9, defined as:
where Y i is the change from Baseline in RSV log 10 viral load at Visit i, t is the time at the
specified timepoint (the actual study day), a is the baseline assessment at Day 1, and b is the last
assessment at or prior to Day 9.
The time-weighted average change, often referred to as the DAVG, provides the average viral
burden change from baseline.
The primary analysis will test for the superiority of the presatovir group compared to the placebo
group based on the time-weighted average change in log 10 RSV viral load from Day 1 to Day 9
in the Full Analysis Set at the 2-sided 0.05 level. The null and alternative hypotheses for the
superiority test on the primary efficacy endpoint are as follows:
• H 1 : There is difference between presatovir and placebo in the time-weighted average change
in RSV log 10 viral load from Day 1 to Day 9
To test the null hypothesis above, a parametric analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with
corresponding baseline viral load and stratification factors (supplemental O 2 use and treatment of
current RSV infection) as covariates will be used, at a 2-sided 0.05 level. Adjusted means and
95% confidence intervals (CIs) will be provided. The stratified Wilcoxon rank sum test will be
implemented as a sensitivity analysis.
Viral load values below the limit of detection (LOD) will be assigned as 0 if it is reported in the
form of ‘not detected’. A value of 1 unit less than the LOQ will be used for analysis if the viral
load is reported in the form of “< x” (where x is considered the LOQ). Viral load data will be
transformed using the base 10 logarithm for the analyses and summaries. To account for
0 values, 1 will be added to each viral load measurement before being transformed.
Sensitivity analyses of the primary efficacy endpoint will be performed in the PP analysis set.
Missing viral load data due to premature discontinuation of the study will not be imputed as all
available data will be included in the time-weighted average calculations. Intermediate missing
viral load data will be imputed using the trapezoidal rule for the time-weighted average
calculations.
• Proportion of subjects developing respiratory failure (of any cause) requiring mechanical
ventilation (invasive or noninvasive) through Day 28
In order to account for multiple hypothesis testing of endpoints, a sequential testing procedure
described in Section 3.5 will be used to control the overall Type 1 error rate of 0.05 across the
primary and secondary endpoints.
The FAS will be used for all summaries and analyses of secondary endpoints. All secondary
endpoints will be analyzed using 2-sided tests to compare treatment differences.
The number of supplemental O 2 -free days through Day 28 will be analyzed using a negative
binomial model with stratification factors as covariates and an offset parameter to account for the
on-study duration. Subjects who die prior to Day 28 (inclusive) or are receiving supplemental O 2
on all days of the study period are assigned 0 supplemental O 2 -free days. All survivors accrue 1
supplemental O 2 -free day for each day that they are both alive and on the use of supplemental O 2
less than 12 hours per 24 hours (0:00 to 23:59) when they are on study.
The proportion of subjects who develop respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and
the proportion of subjects with all-cause mortality will be analyzed using
Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) test adjusting for the stratification factors at the 2-sided
0.05-level. The 2-sided 95% exact CI of the respiratory failure rate or mortality rate based on the
Clopper-Pearson method will be provided for each treatment group. In the case of a small
number of events, the exact method will be used.
Sensitivity analyses of the seconda~y efficacy endpoints, the number of supplemental 0 2-free
days through Day 28, the prop01iion of subjects who develop respirat01y failure requi1ing
mechanical ventilation through Day 28, and the prop01iion of subjects with all-cause mo1iality
through Day 28,will be perf01m ed in the PP analysis set.
PPD
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6.3.2. Analysis Methods for Exploratory Efficacy Endpoints
PPD
PPD
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• The number of supplemental 0 2-free days through Day 28 will be analyzed using a negative
binomial model with stratification factors as covariates. An offset parameter will be included
to accmmt for differential study durations.
7. SAFETY ANALYSES
Clinical and laboratory AEs will be coded using the current version of the Medical Dictionary
for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). System organ class (SOC), high level group term (HLGT),
high level term (HLT), preferred term (PT), and lower level term (LLT) will be provided in the
AE dataset.
Severity of adverse events will be determined by the investigator as Grade 1 (mild), Grade 2
(moderate), Grade 3 (severe), or Grade 4 (life-threatening). The severity of events for which the
investigator did not record severity will be categorized as “missing” for tabular summaries and
data listings. The missing category will be listed last in summary presentation.
Related AEs are those for which the investigator selected “Related” on the AE eCRF to the
question of “Related to Study Treatment.” Relatedness will always default to the investigator’s
choice, not that of the medical monitor. Events for which the investigator did not record
relationships to study drug will be considered related to study drug for summary purposes.
However, by-subject data listings will show the relationship as missing.
Serious adverse events will be identified and captured as SAEs if AEs met the definitions of
SAEs that were specified in the study protocol. SAEs captured and stored in the clinical database
will be reconciled with the SAE database from the Gilead Drug Safety and Public Health
Department before database finalization.
• Any AEs with an onset date on or after the study drug start date up to the Day 28, or up to 28
days if a subject withdraws early (prior to Day 28) from the study
If the onset date of the AE is incomplete and the AE stop date is not prior to the first dosing date
of study drug, then the month and year (or year alone if month is not recorded) of onset
determine whether an AE is treatment emergent. The event is considered treatment emergent if
both of the following 2 criteria are met:
• The AE onset is the same as or after the month and year (or year) of the first dosing date of
study drug, and
• The AE onset date is the same as or before the month and year (or year) of the Day 28
An AE with completely missing onset and stop dates, or with the onset date missing and a stop
date later than the first dosing date of study drug, will be considered to be treatment emergent. In
addition, an AE with the onset date missing and incomplete stop date with the same or later
month and year (or year alone if month is not recorded) as the first dosing date of study drug will
be considered treatment emergent.
Treatment-emergent (TE) AEs will be summarized based on the Safety Analysis Set.
The number and percentage of subjects who experienced at least 1 TEAE will be provided and
summarized by SOC and PT, and treatment group. For other AEs described below, summaries
will be provided by SOC, PT, and treatment group:
• All TE SAEs
A brief, high-level summary of AEs described above will be provided by treatment group and by
the number and percentage of subjects who experienced the above AEs. All deaths observed in
the study will be also included in this summary.
Multiple events will be counted only once per subject in each summary. Adverse events will be
summarized and listed first in alphabetic order of SOC and HLT within each SOC (if applicable),
and then by PT in descending order of total frequency within each SOC. For summaries by
severity grade, the most severe grade will be used for those AEs that occurred more than once in
an individual subject during the study.
In addition to the above summary tables, all TEAEs, TE treatment-related AEs, and TE SAE will
be summarized by PT only, in descending order of total frequency.
• SAEs
• Deaths
Summaries (number and percentage) of subjects who experienced any cardiac related events will
be provided for each treatment group using the Safety Analysis Set by AE of interest categories
and the associated PTs (see Appendix 2).
Laboratory data collected during the study will be analyzed and summarized using both
quantitative and qualitative methods. Summaries of laboratory data will be provided for the
Safety Analysis Set and will include data collected up to Day 28. The analysis will be based on
values reported in conventional units. When values are below the LOQ, they will be listed as
such, and the closest imputed value will be used for the purpose of calculating summary statistics
as specified in Section 3.7. Hemolized test results will not be included in the analysis, but they
will be listed in by-subject laboratory listings.
A by-subject listing for laboratory test results will be provided by subject ID number and visit in
chronological order for hematology and serum chemistry separately. Values falling outside of the
relevant reference range and/or having a severity grade of 1 or higher on the Gilead Grading
Scale for Severity of Adverse Events and Laboratory Abnormalities will be flagged in the data
listings, as appropriate.
Descriptive statistics will be provided by treatment group for each laboratory test specified in the
study protocol as follows:
• Baseline values
A baseline laboratory value will be defined as the last measurement obtained on or prior to the
date/time of first dose of study drug. Change from baseline to a postbaseline visit will be defined
as the visit value minus the baseline value. The mean, median, Q1, Q3, minimum, and maximum
will be displayed to the reported number of digits; SD values will be displayed to the reported
number of digits plus 1.
Median (Q1, Q3) of the observed values for the laboratory tests will be plotted using a line plot
by treatment group and visit.
In the case of multiple values in an analysis visit, data will be selected for analysis as described
in Section 3.8.3.
The Gilead Grading Scale for Severity of Adverse Events and Laboratory Abnormalities will be
used for assigning toxicity grades (0 to 4) to laboratory results for analysis. Grade 0 includes all
values that do not meet the criteria for an abnormality of at least Grade 1. For laboratory tests
with criteria for both increased and decreased levels, analyses for each direction (ie, increased,
decreased) will be presented separately.
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST): (a) > 3 times of the upper limit of reference range
(ULN); (b) > 5 x ULN; (c) > 10 x ULN; (d) > 20 x ULN
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT): (a) > 3 x ULN; (b) > 5 x ULN; (c) > 10 x ULN; (d) > 20 x
ULN
• AST or ALT: (a) > 3 x ULN; (b) > 5 x ULN; (c) > 10 x ULN; (d) > 20 x ULN
• AST or ALT > 3 x ULN and total bilirubin: (a) > 1.5 x ULN; (b) > 2 x ULN
• AST or ALT > 3 x ULN, total bilirubin > 2 x ULN and ALP < 2 x ULN
The summary will include data from all post-baseline visits up to and including Day 28. For
individual laboratory tests, subjects will be counted once based on the most severe post-baseline
values. For both the composite endpoint of AST or ALT and total bilirubin, subjects will be
counted once when the criteria are met at the same post-baseline visit date. The denominator is
the number of subjects in the Safety Analysis Set who have nonmissing post-baseline values of
all relevant tests at the same post-baseline visit date. A listing of subjects who met at least 1 of
the above criteria will be provided.
Descriptive statistics will be provided by treatment group for body weight and vital signs as
follows:
• Baseline value
Median (Q1, Q3) of the observed values for vital signs will be plotted by treatment group and
visit.
A baseline value will be defined as the last available value collected on or prior to the date/time
of first dose of study drug. Change from baseline to a post-baseline visit will be defined as the
post-baseline value minus the baseline value.
In the case of multiple values at a visit assessment, data will be selected for analysis as described
in Section 3.8.3. No inferential statistics will be generated.
A by-subject listing of vital signs will be provided by subject ID number and visit in
chronological order. Body weight will be included in the vital signs listing, if space permits. If
not, they will be provided separately.
Medications collected at screening and during the study will be coded using the current version
of the World Health Organization (WHO) Drug dictionary.
Prior medications are defined as any medications taken before a subject took the first study drug.
Prior medications will be summarized by Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) drug class
Level 2 and preferred name using the number and percentage of subjects for each treatment
group and overall. A subject reporting the same medication more than once will be counted only
once when calculating the number and percentage of subjects who received that medication. The
summary will be ordered alphabetically by ATC classes and then by preferred term in order of
descending overall frequency within each ATC medical class. For drugs with the same
frequency, sorting will be done alphabetically.
For the purposes of analysis, any medication with a start date prior to the first dosing date of
study drug will be included in the prior medication summary regardless of when the stop date is.
If a partial start date is entered the medication will be considered prior unless the month and year
(if day is missing) or year (if day and month are missing) of the start date are after the first
dosing date. Medications with a completely missing start date will be included in the prior
medication summary, unless otherwise specified. Summaries will be based on the Safety
Analysis Set. No formal statistical testing is planned.
Prior ribavirin use will be summarized separately from other prior general medications.
Concomitant medications are defined as medications taken while a subject took study drug. Use
of concomitant medications will be summarized by Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC)
drug class Level 2 and preferred name using the number and percentage of subjects for each
treatment group. A subject reporting the same medication more than once will be counted only
once when calculating the number and percentage of subjects who received that medication. The
summary will be ordered alphabetically by ATC medical class and then by preferred term in
descending overall frequency within each ATC medical class. For drugs with the same
frequency, sorting will be done alphabetically.
For the purposes of analysis, any medication with a start date prior to or on the first dosing date
of study drug and continued to take after the first dosing date, or started after the first dosing date
but prior to or on the last dosing date of study drug will be considered concomitant medications.
Medications started and stopped on the same day as the first dosing date or the last dosing date of
study drug will also be considered concomitant. Medications with a stop date prior to the date of
first dosing date of study drug or a start date after the last dosing date of study drug will be
excluded from the concomitant medication summary. If a partial stop date is entered, any
medication with the month and year (if day is missing) or year (if day and month are missing)
prior to the date of first study drug administration will be excluded from the concomitant
medication summary. If a partial start date is entered, any medication with the month and year
(if day is missing) or year (if day and month are missing) after the study drug stop date will be
excluded from the concomitant medication summary. Medications with completely missing start
and stop dates will be included in the concomitant medication summary, unless otherwise
specified. Summaries will be based on the Safety Analysis Set. No formal statistical testing is
planned.
Concomitant ribavirin use will be summarized separately from other concomitant general
medications.
All prior and concomitant medications (other than per-protocol study drugs) will be provided in a
by-subject listing sorted by subject ID number and administration date in chronological order.
Number and percent of subjects with new ECG abnormalities at postbaseline visits including
those assessments obtained for the purpose of standard of care will by summarize by treatments.
Only subjects with baseline ECG assessments will be included in this analysis.
A shift table of the central assessment of ECG results at postbaseline visit including those
assessments obtained for the purpose of standard of care compared with baseline values will be
presented by treatment group using the following categories: normal, no new abnormality, new
abnormality, or missing. The number and percentage of subjects in each cross-classification
group of the shift table will be presented. Subjects with a missing value at baseline or
postbaseline will not be included in the denominator for percentage calculation. No formal
statistical testing is planned.
A by-subject listing for ECG central assessment and ECG abnormalities, including those not
required by the protocol (ie. standard of care), will be provided by subject ID number and time
point in chronological order.
A shift table of troponin results at postbaseline visit including those obtained for the purposes of
standard of care compared with baseline values will be presented by treatment group using the
following categories: normal, abnormal, or missing. The number and percentage of subjects in
each cross-classification group of the shift table will be presented. Subjects with a missing value
at baseline or postbaseline will not be included in the denominator for percentage calculation. No
formal statistical testing is planned.
If multiple troponin results exist for one visit due to multiple troponin assay tests performed, the
results obtained from Troponin I test will be used for the analysis.
A by-subject listing for all troponin results, including those not required by the protocol
(ie, standard of care), will be provided by subject ID number and visit in chronological order.
A data listing will be provided for subjects experiencing pregnancy during the study.
In accordance with the DMC Charter, the additional safety DMC meetings were scheduled to
occur after approximately 50% and 75% of the subjects were enrolled. The winter 2016/2017
RSV season resulted in higher rates of enrollment for this study compared to previous RSV
seasons. The enrollment was completed in this study on 20 March 2017 with 60 subjects
enrolled. Due to quicker than expected enrollment and the time required to prepare for a DMC
meeting, it would not have been possible to hold the planned DMC meeting prior to all subjects
completing treatment with presatovir. Since the findings of the DMC would not have been
actionable upon subjects in the study, the DMC Chairperson agreed to forgo the meeting
Individual subject concentration data for presatovir will be listed and summarized using
descriptive statistics. Summary statistics (n, mean, SD, coefficient of variation [%CV], median,
min, max, Q1, and Q3) will be calculated for individual subject concentration data by time point.
Individual concentration data listings and summaries will include all subjects with concentration
data. The sample size for each time point will be based on the number of subjects with
nonmissing concentration data at that time point. The number of subjects with concentration
BLQ will be presented for each time point. For summary statistics, BLQ values will be treated as
0 at pre-dose and one-half of the lower LOQ for post-dose time points.
• Mean (± SD) concentration data versus time (on linear and semilogarithmic scales)
Individual, mean, and median post-dose concentration values that are ≤ lower LOQ will not be
displayed in the figures and remaining points connected.
PK sampling details by subject, including procedures, differences in scheduled and actual draw
times, and sample age will be provided in listings.
9. REFERENCES
Dmitrienko A, Offen WW, Westfall PH. Gatekeeping strategies for clinical trials that do not
require all primary effects to be significant. Statist Med 2003;22 (15):2387-400.
10. SOFTWARE
SAS® Software Version 9.4. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
Revision Date
(dd month, yyyy) Section Summary of Revision Reason for Revision
12.1. Tables
12.2. Figures
12.3. Listings
13. APPENDICES
The following search criteria are used to identify cardiac adverse events:
• Narrow scope PTs from the below SMQs, and associated sub-SMQs:
Cardiomyopathy (SMQ)
The following model statement may be used for the analyses of viral load and FLU-PRO as
described in Sections 6.3.2:
Note that since the response variable is change from baseline, the Visit 2 (baseline) value will
always be 0 and should not be included in the above model.
An unstructured covariance will be assumed (type=un); if there are convergence or model fitting
issues, then the alternative covariance structure of Toeplitz will be assumed (type=toep).
The following model statement may be used for the analyses of number of hospital-free day,
ICU-free day, and ventilator-free day described in Section 6.3.2:
where logt is the offset parameter defined as the natural logarithm of study duration for each
subject to account for potential differential study durations due to early discontinuations.
In the event that the negative binomial model fails to converge, a zero-inflated negative binomial
model may be fit (dist=ZINB).