Presented by IBM developerWorks
ibm.com/developerworks/
April – June 2006
The Java Development Tools project
Making the most of
© 2006 IBM Corporation.
Presented by IBM developerWorks
What we'll cover here
The JDT environment
Creating and running a program
Scrapbook pages
Automating testing with JUnit
Using Ant and javadoc
3-2 Making the most of © 2006 IBM Corporation.
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Presented by IBM developerWorks
ibm.com/developerworks/
April – June 2006
The JDT environment
Making the most of
© 2006 IBM Corporation.
Presented by IBM developerWorks
The Java Development Tools
A set of tools for writing, compiling, testing, and debugging Java
code.
Note: Compiling happens automatically whenever you save your
code. It's not a separate step.
The Eclipse SDK includes the Java tools. See eclipse.org/jdt if
you want to learn more about the project.
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JDT perspectives
The most useful perspectives
for Java development are Java
and Debug.
There are also the Java
Browsing and Java Type
Hierarchy perspectives.
We'll look at the Java
perspective now; we'll cover the
Eclipse Debugger later.
3-5 Making the most of © 2006 IBM Corporation.
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The Java perspective
Class outline
Syntax-aware
Java editor
Class hierarchy
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The Java editor
As you'd expect from a world-class IDE, Eclipse has a
color-coded Java editor.
As you type, it automatically highlights the Java syntax
and indents your code.
If there are errors, they're indicated when you save the
file (if not before).
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The Java editor
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Code generation
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Code assist
If you type Ctrl+Space, Eclipse shows you the relevant method
signatures and the javadoc for each.
This works for code you write as well as the standard Java libraries.
You don't have to run javadoc against your code for this to work.
The documentation above comes from the comment in the source
code.
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Quick fix
For many common problems,
Eclipse can offer fixes for you.
If a package statement doesn't
match a .java file's location,
Eclipse will move the file or
update the package
statement.
If you're missing an import
statement, Eclipse can
automatically add it.
If a Quick Fix is available, the
red X will have a light bulb icon
behind it.
3-11 Making the most of © 2006 IBM Corporation.
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Organize imports
If you use a Java class without
a corresponding import
statement, Eclipse will add
them for you automatically.
By default Eclipse imports
java.io.OutputStream, not
java.io.*.
If you remove all instances of a
class and invoke Organize
Imports again, Eclipse removes
the import statements you
don't need.
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Code refactoring
Eclipse can refactor your code in several useful ways:
Rename classes, methods, fields
Create an interface from a class
Move classes, methods, fields
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Globalization
Eclipse has an "Externalize
Strings" function that helps you
manage translation or
localization of your projects.
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Presented by IBM developerWorks
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April – June 2006
Creating and running a program
Making the most of
© 2006 IBM Corporation.
Presented by IBM developerWorks
Creating and running code
It's a short process:
1. Create a Java project
2. Create a Java package
3. Create a Java class in that package
4. Set up a run configuration
5. Run your code
This can be confusing to
newcomers; compiling
and building is not a
separate step.
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Creating a Java project
Start with FileÆNewÆ
Project…
Choose Java Project, give it a
name and click Finish.
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Creating a Java Project
If you click Next after you give your project a name, you'll see other
options. You can use these to set the classpath of your project,
among other things.
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Creating a Java package
To create a Java package, right-click on your new project in the
Package Explorer, then choose NewÆPackage…
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Creating a Java package
Enter a name for your package.
If you break Java style rules
(maybe your package begins
with an uppercase letter),
Eclipse reminds you.
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Creating a Java package
Your new package appears in the Package Explorer beneath your
project.
3-21 Making the most of © 2006 IBM Corporation.
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Creating a Java class
To create a Java class, right-click on your new package in the
Package Explorer, then choose NewÆClass.
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Creating a Java class
Enter a name for your class.
Eclipse reminds you of style
rules here as well.
You can set the details of your
class, including its
superclasses, visibility and
interfaces.
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Creating a Java class
Your new class appears in the Package Explorer beneath your
package.
Eclipse also opens the source file for your class in the Java editor.
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A shortcut
You can create a new package
and a new class at the same
time.
Simply create a new class and
enter a new package name in
the wizard.
3-25 Making the most of © 2006 IBM Corporation.
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Running your code
To run your code, right-click on
the Java file, then choose Run
AsÆJava Application.
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Running your code
Because this is a console application (it uses
System.out.println), you'll see the output in the Console view.
By default, System.out is displayed in black,
black System.err is
displayed in red and System.in shows up in green.
green
If the Console doesn't appear, you can open it through
WindowÆShow View…
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Re-running your code
Once you've run your code, a reference to it appears in the Run
menu. You can click your program's name in the Run History menu
to run it again.
Run Last Launched (Ctrl+F11) does the same thing.
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Creating a run configuration
In some cases you need a run
configuration.
This lets you set command-line
parameters, JVM options, etc.
Select your project in the
Package Explorer, then choose
RunÆRun…
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Creating a run configuration
Click Java Application, then New. You'll see a dialog that lets you
set all the details of your application:
The Arguments tab defines command-line arguments, The Classpath
tab lets you add JAR files to your classpath, and so on.
The run configuration must point to a Java class with a main()
method. If it doesn't, Eclipse can search your project for a class that
does.
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Presented by IBM developerWorks
ibm.com/developerworks/
April – June 2006
Scrapbook pages
Making the most of
© 2006 IBM Corporation.
Presented by IBM developerWorks
Scrapbook pages
You can create a scrapbook
page with the Java tools. A
scrapbook page lets you enter
and execute lines of Java code
without building a class to hold
them.
The wizard to create a new
scrapbook page is under NewÆ
JavaÆJava Run/Debug.
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Scrapbook pages
You can highlight some code, right-click on it, then choose Inspect,
Display or Execute.
Our sample code here is System.out.println
("Here's the value of PI: " + Math.PI);
If you choose Execute, the selected code is executed. In this
example, we've highlighted the entire line of code; executing it writes
to the console.
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Scrapbook pages
If you choose Inspect, the
scrapbook page shows you the
value of whatever you've
highlighted.
In this example, we've only
highlighted Math.PI, not the
whole line of code.
Display inserts the value of
whatever you've highlighted.
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Presented by IBM developerWorks
ibm.com/developerworks/
April – June 2006
Automating testing with JUnit
Making the most of
© 2006 IBM Corporation.
Presented by IBM developerWorks
Automating testing with JUnit
JUnit was created by programming legends Kent Beck
and Erich Gamma.
It makes it easy to implement Test-Driven Development
(TDD), (sometimes called Test First Development).
Eclipse has JUnit support built in.
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Creating a test case
Right-click on a Java file and
choose NewÆ Other…
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Creating a test case
Select Java/JUnit on the left and TestCase on the right, then click
Next.
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Creating a test case
When you create a JUnit test case, you name the test case (it's a
Java class) as well as the Java class tested by the test case.
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Creating a test case
Eclipse gives you a list of all the public methods in your class and its
superclasses. You decide which ones should be part of the JUnit test
class.
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Creating a test case
In this example, we ask Eclipse to generate a JUnit
TestCase for the getGreeting() method.
The complete testGetGreeting() method is:
public void testGetGreeting() {
HelloWorld hw = new HelloWorld();
assertEquals("Hello, World!",
hw.getGreeting());
}
We're saying that getGreeting() should always return
the string "Hello, World!"
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Running a test case
Our test case is the Java class TestHelloWorld.
To run the class, select the test class in the Package Explorer, then
choose Run AsÆJUnit Test.
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Running a test case
The results of running your test case appear in the JUnit view.
Green is good…
You can also create and run JUnit TestSuites. A TestSuite is
an ordered collection of TestCases.
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Using JUnit
You define more TestCases and TestSuites as your
project progresses.
You run the JUnit tests to make sure any changes you've
made haven't broken your code.
3-44 Making the most of © 2006 IBM Corporation.
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Presented by IBM developerWorks
ibm.com/developerworks/
April – June 2006
Using Ant and javadoc
Making the most of
© 2006 IBM Corporation.
Presented by IBM developerWorks
Using Ant
Ant (ant.apache.org) is an XML- and Java-based
build tool.
Designed to have the same functionality as make without its quirks
You don't need a tab character at the start of each line, for example.
You can extend Ant to do other tasks if you want.
An Ant build file (named build.xml by default) can
define a number of targets.
You can define which target gets built from the command
line (or the Eclipse equivalent), or let Ant figure out which
one should be created.
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Using Ant
Once you've created your
build.xml file (or whatever
you choose to call it), you can
right-click on it and choose Run
Ant…
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Using javadoc
You can export your project to
javadoc.
When you do this, Eclipse runs
javadoc against your code
and exports the generated files
to the directory you choose.
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Using javadoc
When you generate the
javadocs, you specify which
packages and classes should
be processed.
You can also decide which
class members are processed
(public, protected, private)
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Using javadoc
You can customize the files that
are generated, such as index
pages or navigation bars.
If you want, you can create links
to the standard Java libraries.
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Using javadoc
The generated documentation is put in the docs folder of your project
by default.
3-51 Making the most of © 2006 IBM Corporation.
Presented by IBM developerWorks
ibm.com/developerworks/
April – June 2006
Summary
Making the most of
© 2006 IBM Corporation.
26
Presented by IBM developerWorks
Summary
We've covered (although very quickly) the Java
development functions in Eclipse, including:
Various automatic coding features
How to create and run Java code
Using scrapbook pages
Automating testing with JUnit
Using ant and javadoc inside Eclipse
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