Scribd
Upload
374 views38 pages

M2 Notes Student Version Part 3

This document provides revision notes on system of linear equations and vectors for the HKDSE Mathematics Module 2 exam. It includes: 1. Methods for solving systems of linear equations, such as using the inverse matrix method or Cramer's rule. It also distinguishes between homogeneous and non-homogeneous systems. 2. Properties and calculations involving vectors, including dot products, cross products, and scalar triple products. 3. Geometric properties related to vectors, such as various centers of triangles defined by angle bisectors, medians, altitudes, and perpendicular bisectors. 4. Examples of past HKDSE exam questions involving systems of linear equations and vectors, with solutions shown.

Uploaded by

li
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
374 views38 pages

M2 Notes Student Version Part 3

This document provides revision notes on system of linear equations and vectors for the HKDSE Mathematics Module 2 exam. It includes: 1. Methods for solving systems of linear equations, such as using the inverse matrix method or Cramer's rule. It also distinguishes between homogeneous and non-homogeneous systems. 2. Properties and calculations involving vectors, including dot products, cross products, and scalar triple products. 3. Geometric properties related to vectors, such as various centers of triangles defined by angle bisectors, medians, altitudes, and perpendicular bisectors. 4. Examples of past HKDSE exam questions involving systems of linear equations and vectors, with solutions shown.

Uploaded by

li
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 38

HKDSE Mathematics Module 2

Revision Notes
Part (3)

G. System of Linear Equation


H. Vector

Name:_____________________________ Class:___________ No.:________________

1|Page
G. System of Linear Equation
Things to be memorized:

Method to solve a system of linear equation:


1. X=A-1B
2. Crammer’s Rule
 a11x  a12 y  a13z  b1

If the coefficient matrix A of the system of linear equations a 21x  a 22 y  a 23z  b 2 is
a x  a y  a z  b
 31 32 33 3

x y 
non-singular, then the solution of the system is given by x = , y= , z= z ,
  
where

a 11 a 12 a 13
 = det A = a 21 a 22 a 23 ,
a 31 a 32 a 33

b1 a12 a13 a11 b1 a13 a11 a12 b1


x = b 2 a 22 a 23 , y = a 21 b 2 a 23 , z = a 21 a 22 b2 .
b3 a 32 a 33 a 31 b3 a 33 a 31 a 32 b3

3. Gaussian Elimination (augmented matrix)


1 1 1 0 
 19  x  y  z  0
0 1 21  19
e.g. For  3  , the solution is  y   21
0 0 1 3  3
0 3
0 0 0   z

Types of system linear equations.


Non-Homogeneous AX=B where B!=0 Homogeneous AX=0
AX=B then X=A-1B |A|=0 => A-1 Does not exist => infinitely many
|A|=0 => A-1 Does not exist => No solution / solution.
infinitely many solution. |A|!=0, X=A-10 =0, trivial solution
|A|!=0 => A-1 exists=>unique solution

*Other Skills: 2 equations -> 3 equations or 3 equations -> 4 equations

2|Page
HKDSE-2012

3|Page
HKDSE-2013

4|Page
HKDSE 2014

5|Page
HKDSE 2015

6|Page
PURE 2008-P1-07

7|Page
8|Page
PURE 2007-P1-07

9|Page
10 | P a g e
H. Vector
Things to be memorized:
Section Formula

 s  r 
OP  OA OB
rs rs

11 | P a g e
AMATHS1991-1-05

12 | P a g e
AMATHS 2000-1-08

13 | P a g e
HKDSE 2013

14 | P a g e
HKDSE 2014

15 | P a g e
HKDSE2014

16 | P a g e
17 | P a g e
HKDSE 2015

18 | P a g e
Things to be memorized:

(a). Dot Product (Scalar Product)


1 Definition : a  b = | a || b |cos ,
Note
(1) i  i = j  j = k  k = 1.
(2) i  j = j  k = k  i = 0.
(3) ab=ac  b=c (e.g. a and b are orthogonal, and c is 0)
2
1. aa = a

2. ab = ba
3. a(b + c) = ab + ac (distributive law)
4. k(ab) = (ka)b = a(kb)
5. For non-zero vectors a and b , ab = 0 iff a and b are perpendicular.

Two non-zero vectors a and b are orthogonal if and only if a  b  0 .

Projection
ab
(a) The vector projection of a onto b is equal to 2
b.
b

ab
(b) The projection of a onto b is equal to .
b

AMATHS 2011-09

19 | P a g e
AMATHS 2010-12

AMATHS 2007-08

20 | P a g e
HKDSE 2013

21 | P a g e
22 | P a g e
AMATHS 1992-1-08

23 | P a g e
Things to be memorized:

(b)Crosse Product / Vector Product


1. Definition: |a||b|sin  n where n is orthogonal to a and b.

2. Properties of Vector Products


(a) aa=0
(b) a  b = –b  a
(c) k(a  b) = (ka)  b = a  (kb) .
(d) |a  b| = |b  a|
(e) For non-zero vectors a and b , a  b = 0 if and only if a and b are parallel.
(f) a  (b + c) = a  b + a  c (Distributive law)
(g) (a + b)  c = a  c + b  c (Distributive law)
(h) |a  b|2 = |a|2|b|2 – (a  b)2

3. Operation / Calculation
If a = x1i + y1j + z1k, b = x2i + y2j + z2k, then

i j k
then a  b = x1 y1 z 1 = (y1z2 – y2z1)i + (z1x2 – z2x1)j + (x1y2 – x2y1)k.
x2 y2 z2

24 | P a g e
(c). Scalar Triple Product
Definition 3.1
The scalar triple product of 3 vectors a , b and c is the scalar product a  (b  c).
Note
(i)The scalar triple product is a scalar quantity and is denoted by [a, b, c] in some textbooks.
(ii)a  (b  c) = (b  c)  a (since scalar product is commutative).
(iii) If a = x1i + y1j + z1k, b = x2i + y2j + z2k, c = x3i + y3j + z3k

x1 x1 x1
Then a  (b  c) = x 2 y2 z2
x3 y3 z3

4. Application
Area of Parallelogram formed by a and b = | a  b |
| ab |
Area of Triangle formed by a and b =
2
x1 x1 x1
Volume of parallelpine= x 2 y 2 z2
x3 y3 z3

x1 x1 x1
1
Volume of Square-based pyramid= x2 y2 z2
3
x3 y3 z3

x1 x1 x1
1
Volume of Triangle-based pyramid= x2 y2 z2
6
x3 y3 z3

25 | P a g e
HKDSE-2012

26 | P a g e
HKDSE 2015

27 | P a g e
Things to be memorized:

Description Example

Indenter The point of intersection of the three

angle bisectors in a triangle.

Centroid The point of intersection of the

median of a triangle

*Remember the ratio is 2:1

Orthocenter The point of intersection of the

altitudes of a triangle

Circumcenter The point of intersection of the

perpendicular bisector of a triangle

28 | P a g e
HKDSE-2012

29 | P a g e
30 | P a g e
AMATHS 2008-15

31 | P a g e
32 | P a g e
AMATHS 2006-18

33 | P a g e
34 | P a g e
AMATHS 2002-13

35 | P a g e
36 | P a g e
AMATHS 2009-14

37 | P a g e
38 | P a g e

You might also like