SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, South Cotabato

COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

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IT 121: Introduction to Computing

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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 LEARNING MODULE
FOR
IT 121: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

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WEEK 14

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE CODE : IT 121

IT 121: Introduction to Computing

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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TITLE : Introduction to Computing
TARGET POPULATION : All BS Information Technology Students
INSTRUCTOR : Ms. Juliet Lugan

Overview:

Computers are everywhere: at work, at school, and at home. Computers are a primary means of local and
global communications for billions of people. Through computers, society has instant access to information from
around the globe. This module presents the knowledge you need to be computer literate. The course acquaints
students to discover different and innovative ways of using various technology and learn how computing is
applied creatively to solve problems. Students will finish this course with a solid understanding of computers,
how to use computers, and how to access information on the Web.

Objectives:

General Objective
• Discuss the special information requirements of an enterprise-sized corporation
• Identify information systems and software used in the functional units of an enterprise
• Describe and list general purpose and integrated information systems used throughout an
enterprise
• Describe and list types of technologies used throughout an enterprise
• Describe virtualization, cloud computing, and grid computing
• Discuss the computer hardware needs and solutions for an enterprise
• Determine why computer backup is important and how it is accomplished

Instruction to the Learner

Each chapter in this module contains a major lesson involving the introduction to computers and learn
how computing is applied creatively to solve problems. The units are characterized by continuity, and are
arranged in such a manner that the present unit is related to the next unit. For this reason, you are advised to
read this module. After each unit, there are exercises to be given. Submission of task given will be submitted by
the agreed deadline.

IT 121: Introduction to Computing

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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 Enterprise Computing

What Is an Enterprise?

Large organization such as Multinational Corporation, university, hospital, research laboratory, or

government organization. Requires special computing solutions because of its size.

What Is Enterprise Computing?

Enterprise Computing involves the use of computers in networks, such as LANs and WANs, or a series of
interconnected networks that encompass a variety of different operating systems, protocols, and network
architectures.

How does information flow within an enterprise?

Enterprise manages large amounts of information over an extensive geographical area and disparate groups
of people.

Types of enterprises include:

▪ Retail
▪ Wholesale
▪ Manufacturing
▪ Service
▪ Government
▪ Educational
▪ Transportation

How are enterprises organized?

Most are organized in a hierarchy.

Executive
Management

Middle
IT 121: Introduction to Computing Management

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Operational Management
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⮚ In an enterprise, users typically fall into
one of four categories:

IT 121: Introduction to Computing

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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● Enterprise information is the information gathered in the ongoing operations of an enterprise-sized
organization
ꟷ Business intelligence
ꟷ Business process management
ꟷ Business process automation

● Managers coordinate resources by performing four

activities:

1. Planning - objectives strategies tactics

2. Organizing - money people management structure
3. Leading - communications instructions motivation
4.Controlling - performance measurement corrective
action

● Information system is a set of hardware, software, data,

people, and procedures that work together to produce
information.
ꟷ Procedures are instructions users follow to accomplish
activities.
o Functional units within an enterprise might include:

Manufacturin Marketing
Sales
g
Engineering
Distribu
or Product
tion
Development

Human Custom
Resourc er
es Service

Accounting Information
Enterprise
and Finance Technology

ꟷ Accounting software manages everyday transactions

ꟷ Billng software helps the company reconcile purchases with customer payments
● Financial software helps managers budget, forecast, and analyze

o Human resources information system (HRIS) manages

one or more human resources functions. Employee

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 relationship management systems manage communication between employees and the business.

o Computer-aided design (CAD) uses a computer and special software to aid

in engineering, drafting, and design

o Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses computers to test product designs

o Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computers to

control production equipment

o Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) uses computers to

integrate the many different operations of the manufacturing process.

o Material Requirements Planning (MRP) uses software to help monitor

and control processes related to production
o Manufacturing Resource Planning II (MRP II) is an extension of MRP and also includes software that helps in
scheduling.
o Quality control system helps an organization maintain or improve the quality of its products or services
o Marketing information system serves as a central repository for the tasks of a marketing department.
o What is sales force automation (SFA) software?

Sales force automation (SFA) software

equips traveling salespeople with the electronic
tools they need to be more productive.

o Distribution systems perform the following

functions:
▪ Provide forecasting for inventory control
▪ Manage and track shipping of products
▪ Provide information and analysis on inventory in a warehouse.

o Customer interaction management (CIM) software

manages the day-to-day interactions with customers.
▪ Telephone calls
▪ E-mail
▪ Web interactions
▪ Instant Messaging sessions

IT 121: Introduction to Computing

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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o What is the information technology department?
ꟷ The information technology (IT) department makes technology decisions for the enterprise
▪ Whether to build or buy new information systems
▪ When a computer or information system has outlived its useful life
ꟷ Web site management programs collect data designed to help organizations make informed decisions
regarding their Web presence.
o General purpose information systems generally fall into one of five categories:
▪ Office Information System
▪ Transaction Processing System
▪ Management Information System
▪ Decision Support System
▪ Expert System
o What is a transaction processing system (TPS)?
Captures and processes data from day-to-day transactions Transaction— individual business activity.

Figure : Batch processing vs. online transaction

o Management processing
information system (MIS)

Generates accurate, timely, and organized information so managers can track progress and make decisions

o Decision support system (DSS)

Helps users analyze data and make decisions Uses data from internal and external sources, as needed
Executive information system (EIS) supports needs of executive management.

o Expert system

Captures and stores knowledge of human experts and

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then imitates human reasoning and decision making. Consists of two components knowledge base:

▪ Combined subject knowledge and experiences of human experts inference rules

▪ set of logical judgments applied to the knowledge bas

o Integrated Information Systems

⮚ Content management systems
Are information systems that
combine databases, software, and
procedures.
Organizes and allows access to
documents and other files.

Customer relationship management

Manages information about customers,
interactions with customers, past purchases, and
interests.

⮚ Enterprise resource planning Provides centralized, integrated software to help manage and coordinate
ongoing activities

Enterprise-Wide Technologies and Methodologies

● Some technologies used in enterprises include:

▪ Portals
▪ Extranets
▪ Data warehouses
▪ Electronic data interchange
▪ Web services
▪ Document management systems
▪ Workflow
▪ Virtual private networks
o Portal is a collection of links, content, and services
presented on a Web page that are interesting for a
particular job function.

o Data warehouse is a huge database that stores

and manages the data required to analyze
historical and current transactions.

o EDI is a set of standards that controls the transfer

of business data and information among
computers within and among enterprises.
o An extranet is the portion of a company’s network that allows customers or suppliers of a company to
access parts of an enterprise’s intranet.

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SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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o Web services allow businesses to create products and B2B
interactions over the Internet.

In a service-oriented architecture, information systems

provide services to other information systems in a well-
defined manner over a network.

o Document management system (DMS) allows for storage

and management of a company’s documents
ꟷ Stored in a repository.

Workflow is a defined process that identifies the specific set of

steps involved in completing a particular
project or business process

ꟷ Workflow application

o Virtual private network (VPN) provides mobile users, vendors, and customers with a secure connection
to the company network server.

Virtualization and Cloud Computing

● Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling computing resources.

o Server virtualization - Provides the capability to divide a physical server logically into many virtual
server.
o Storage virtualization - Provides the capability to create a single logical storage device from many
physical storage devices.
● Cloud computing - is an Internet service that provides computing needs to computer users.
o Grid computing combines many servers and/or personal computers on a network to act as one large
computer.

IT 121: Introduction to Computing

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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E-Commerce- Ecommerce, also known as
electronic commerce or internet commerce,
refers to the buying and selling of goods or
services using the internet, and the transfer of
money and data to execute these transactions.

Enterprise Hardware

Allows large organizations to manage and store information and data using devices geared for:

– Heavy use

– Maximum availability

– Maximum efficiency

● RAID duplicates data and implements duplication in different ways.

Redundant array of independent disks. Group of two or more
integrated hard disks and more reliable than traditional hard disks.

● Network attached storage (NAS) is a server that provides storage to users and information systems attached
to the network.

● Storage area network (SAN) is a

high-speed network that provides storage to other servers to which it is
attached.

● Enterprise storage system is a strategy that focuses on the

availability, protection, organization, and backup of storage in a
company. Goal is to consolidate storage.

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SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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 ● Blade server sometimes called ultradense server and packs a complete
computer server on a single card (called a blade) rather than a system
unit.

● Thin client is a small terminal-like

computer that mostly relies on a
server for data storage and
processing. The processing for a thin client usually is done on a server.

High Availability, Scalability, and Interoperability

● High-availability system continues running and performing tasks for at least 99 percent
of the time.
ꟷ May include hot-swapping and redundant components
❖ When a component fails, another component takes over and the system
continues to function.

● Scalability is a measure of how well computer hardware, software, or an information

system can grow to meet increasing performance demands.

● Interoperability is the ability for an information system to share information with other information systems
within an enterprise.

Backup Procedures

⮚ Continuous data protection provides

automatic data backup whenever
data is changed in an enterprise.

Disaster recovery plan is a written plan

describing the steps a company would
take to restore computer operations in
the event of a disaster

Contains four major components:

▪ Emergency plan
▪ Backup plan
▪ Recovery plan
▪ Test plan

IT 121: Introduction to Computing

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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 Challenges

Research Study: give the answer to the following question.

1. List the primary components of an enterprise technology?

2. How can you provide communication services for Distributed enterprise system?
3. What is COM? What is the use of COM?
4. What are the primary components are presented in enterprise?
5. Write down the J2EE features?
6. What is ODBMS?
7. What is distributed system?
8. Explain in detail about Enterprise Technology.
9. Differentiate component based and object oriented software development.
10. List the java technology used for enterprise components

IT 121: Introduction to Computing

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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