INTERNSHIP ON INDUSTRY 4.

0
from 12/05/2021 to 12/06/2021
SUBJECT CODE: ELIS1

Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya

V.V.Nagar
 INDUSTRY 4.0

We’re in the midst of a significant transformation

regarding the way we produce products thanks to the
digitization of manufacturing. This transition is so compelling
that it is being called Industry 4.0 to represent the fourth
revolution that has occurred in manufacturing. From the first
industrial revolution (mechanization through water and
steam power) to the mass production and assembly lines
using electricity in the second, the fourth industrial
revolution will take what was started in the third with the
adoption of computers and automation and enhance it with
smart and autonomous systems fueled by data and machine
learning.
This manufacturing revolution will increase productivity,
shift economics, foster industrial growth, and modify the
profile of the workforce—ultimately changing the
competitiveness of companies and regions.
As the adoption of Industry 4.0 is increasing day by day
across various industries, the scope for the skill sets will be
enormous for the driving technologies of Industry 4.0
The technologies of Industry 4.0 include Integrated
System, IOT, Data Management, Cloud Computing, Cyber
security, Artificial Intelligence, Additive Manufacturing,
Augmented Reality.
 Technologies of Industry 4.0

About the Company

Gustovalley Technovations is automation-based
company working towards the goal of Digital transformation.
Gusto Learn is the initiative of Gustovalley technovations
which focuses on offering Industry training to the students.
 The Students will good exposed to the latest
technologies and will have the opportunity to work on
Solutions for the Realtime problems.
Our course is designed in such a way that each students
will get complete hands on experience and will have deeper
understanding of concepts by working on projects and
assignments to solve real-time problems.

Student’s Responsibility
I, Somesh Singh in the course of the Internship has been
provided training all the concepts of Technologies
involved in Industry 4.0. During the Internship period, I have
assigned for the Project on “TEMPERATURE BASED FAN
SPEED CONTROL”.I have successfully completed the project
under the mentorship of Ejaz Ahmed from Gustovalley
Technovations.
This report is prepared as requirement for the internship
of BE program of electronics department ,Birla vishvakarma
mahavidyalaya.

Week 1: Embedded System & IOT

Embedded systems are part and parcel of every modern
electronic component. These are low power consumption
units that are used to run specific tasks for example remote
controls, washing machines, microwave ovens, RFID tags ,
sensors, actuators and thermostats used in various
applications, networking hardware such as switches, routers,
modems, mobile phones, PDAs, etc.
Usually embedded devices are a part of a larger device where
they perform specific task of the device. For example
embedded systems are used as networked thermostats in
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, in
Home Automation embedded systems are used as wired or
wireless networking to automate and control lights, security,
audio/visual systems, sense climate change, monitoring, etc.
Embedded systems will also be at the cornerstone for the
deployment of many Internet of Things (IoT) solutions,
especially within certain industry verticals and Industrial
Internet of Things (IIoT) applications.
Major players in embedded system hardware and software
developments are aiming to bring these transformations into
their products to take advantage of growing IoT market. The
areas that are going to transform are Real Time Operating
Systems (RTOS) and microprocessors and microcontrollers,
followed by memory footprints and networking, open source
communities and developers.
In the first week we learned about the basics of Embedded
system and IOT by understanding one of the most commonly
used Microcontroller for Prototyping in Industry, Node MCU
ESP8266 and also Arduino UNO.
We have also learned how to get start with the Micro
Controller by understanding the Architecture, pinout and
documentation of the Micro controller. This has given
confidence that we can easily to any new Microcontroller
used in Industry by looking at its architecture.

Architecture of ESP8266 and Arduino UNO

ESP8266 Pinout Diagram

Arduino UNO Architecture

 THINKERCAD SIMULATION

We had a real-time working experience with simulation

platform. We worked on all components and had an Hands
on experience working on assignments.
 We have also used Arduino IDE platform for Compilation
and uploading of code to controller
We also learned ADC and PWM concepts by working on

In IOT front we learned Communication model and

various communication protocols ap
plication-based assignments.

OSI LAYERS
The Open Systems Interconnection model
(OSI model) is a conceptual model that
characterizes and standardizes the
communication functions of a telecommunication
or computing system without regard to its
underlying internal structure and technology. Its
goal is the interoperability of
diverse communication systems with standard
communication protocols. The model
partitions a communication system into
abstraction layers.

We also learned the basics of IP address, MAC address, IP

Address classes, Subnet masking.

TCP Protocol
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
• One-to-one and connection-oriented reliable protocol
• Used in the accurate transmission of large amount of
data
• Connection-oriented
• Stream Data Transfer
• Reliable
• Flow-Control
• Full-Duplex
• Slower compared to UDP because of additional error
checking being performed
• Suited for critical data transfer applications
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a standard that
defines how to establish and maintain a network
conversation through which application programs can
exchange data. TCP works with the Internet Protocol (IP),
which defines how computers send packets of data to each
other.

Introduction to Blynk application for IOT

 Using Blynk app we made a IOT mobile App for
controlling ESP8266.This library is compatible with all
architectures so you should be able to use it on all the
Arduino boards.
The Blynk Server will act as a Cloud for our IOT device
and with the device we controlled various home appliances.

We created an IoT application using Blynk app to control

various appliances and also to dashboard to monitor devices
remotely. This working has given us confidence to use this
learning in Industry for controlling and monitoring of the
machines.
 Week2: Development of Server for Monitoring and
controlling IOT Devices
After having been exposed Controlling IOT devices using
3rd Party Blynk application. In 2nd Week we have been trained
on Setting up hosting server to not only connect our IOT
devices but also to develop a webpage as an interface to
control and monitor the IOT device.
Initially we have been trained on HTML, CSS program to
understand the components of Webpage and we also hosted
our Webpage in a server. After having basic knowledge on
Webpage, we were trained to handle SQL database and PHP
interface to capture the status of the Microcontroller.
 During this we have developed two API links, one link to
update data in the server and 2nd link to read the status of the
controller from the Server.
After creation of the API links we developed a webapp
to control our IOT devices

Web APP
 IOT System

Week 3: Python – Data Science, Machine Learning and

Image Processing
In the third week we have got introduced to one of the
most widely accepting language, Python. Earlier we started
with basics of Python. We have used Jupyter notebook
platform for compiling and running our code. In Python
basics we learned Operations, Datatypes, Decision making,
Looping, Functions and Classes.
We then used Data processing libraries Numpy and
Pandas for numerical array operations. We understand the
Data processing techniques by working on the datasets.
 We then learned the concepts of Exploratory Data
Analysis (EDA) and applied the learnings of Data Pre
processing from Numpy and Pandas library to our IOT water
consumption data set and visualized our dataset using
Matplotlib and Seaborn library. From the visualization of our
dataset we have found several insights and identified the
principal components for our Machine learning process

Our Data Visualization

 Identifying the Principal Component

Machine Learning techniques

We have then jumped to Machine learning
techniques using Python. We have been learned about the
types of machine learning techniques. There we went deeper
in to Linear Regression techniques starting from the principle,
working and algorithm.
We then learned working on Scikitlearn Library for
developing a prediction model to predict the water
consumption based on temperature and Humidity data.
After pre-processing and visualization of our data.
We divided our data set in to Training data (70%) and testing
data(30%) and using Scikitlearn Library we developed a
Machine learning model using the training data and
calculated the coefficient and the intercept.
After development of the model we then compared
the result from the Training model and actual data by
feeding the test data set in to the model.
We found that our model is 97% accurate by
considering the Root Mean Squared Error.

Computer vision using Python

Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence that
trains computers to interpret and understand the visual
world. Using digital images from cameras and videos and
deep learning models, machines can accurately identify and
classify objects — and then react to what they “see.”
Open CV is the open source library for Python for Image
processing. We have learned the various image processing
concept and practiced the Same in Jupyter notebook.
 We have learned the concepts of image manipulation,
Object detection and Face detection concepts.

We have developed an Python app to calculate

manhours in the company based on the video feed.

Week 4: Dashboard for IOT APP

This week we have taught how to develop an Android
app using MIT app inventor where we will build app using the
drag drop concept. Through this module we developed an
Mobile App which will connect to our Database and the
Database being connected to our IOT devices. The Mobile
app can able to read the status of the IOT device and also can
able to control the IOT device by updating the value in
Database.

We have also developed the Augmented Reality mobile

app using unity game engine which will display the Realtime
dashboard in the virtual world.

The AR app is connected to our database and will display

the Real time Temperature, Humidity and Water level in the
Virtual space.
 This has opened the scope of various application in
Industry to monitor the various parameters of machines and
alert the maintenance team with ease.

PROJECT COMPLETED DURING THE

INTERNSHIP
 Accident avoidance using
ultrasonic sensor

NAME:- Somesh Singh

ID.NO:-19EL087
BATCH:-B-11

ABSTRACT

Nowadays people are driving very fast, accidents are occurring frequently, we
lost our valuable life by making small mistake while driving (school zone, hills
area, and highways). So in order to avoid such kind of accidents and to alert
the drivers and to control their vehicle speed in such kind of places the
highway department have placed the signboards. But sometimes it may not be
possible to view that kind of signboards and there is a chance for accident or
driver don’t slow the speed of their vehicles even after seeing the sign boards.
Accidents are occurring frequently in highly traffic areas .Drivers drive
vigorously without caring the traffic. Intimation of driver about speed and
accident prone zone is necessary. It can be done by using automatic
technology with the help of embedded system and sensors. This project is
focused on “automatic speed control of vehicles” by detecting the accident
prone zone. The main objective is to design a Smart Display controller meant
for Vehicle’s speed control and monitors the zones, which can run on an
embedded system.
This project describes about an obstacle avoidance robot vehicle which is
controlled by ultrasonic sensor. The robot is made using ultrasonic sensor and
it is controlled by Arduino microcontroller. Ultrasonic sensor fixed in front
portion of the robot vehicle. The sensor gets the data from surrounding area
through mounted sensors on the robot. The sensor is sense the obstacle and
deviate its path to choose an obstacle free path. The sensor will be send the
data to the controller is compared with controller to decide the movement of
the robot Wheel. The robot wheel movement and direction will be based on
the sensing of the ultrasonic sensor and also using a wheel encoder. This
vehicle is used for detecting obstacle and avoiding the collision. We have
programmed the controller to be used with ARDUINO software.

OBJECTIVE
To design a system which controls the speed of vehicles in Accident prone
areas.

The system will automatically stop the car if it senses some obstacle ahead of
car.

INTRODUCTION
As the days of manned driving are getting extremely numbered, so are those of
traffic jams, bad, dangerous and rough drivers and more importantly,
accidents. Automation of the driving control of vehicles is one of the most vital
need of the hour. This technology can very well implement what was absent
before, controlled lane driving. Considering the hazards of driving and their
more pronounced effect on vehicles our AUTOMATIC VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL
SYSTEM is exactly what is required. Safety is a necessary part of man’s life .

Safety is a necessary part of man’s life. Due to the accident cases reported
daily on the major roads in all parts of the developed and developing
countries, more attention is needed for research in the designing an efficient
car driving aiding system. It is expected that if such a device is designed and
incorporated into our cars as a road safety device, it will reduce the incidence
of accidents on our roads and various premises, with subsequent reduction in
loss of life and property. However, a major area of concern of an engineer
should be safety, as it concerns the use of his/her inventions and the
accompanying dangers due to human limitations. When it comes to the use of
a motor vehicle, accidents that have occurred over the years tell us that
something needs to be done about them from an engineering point of view.
According to the 2007 edition of the Small-M report on the road accident
statistic in Malaysia, a total of 6,035 people were killed in 2000 and the fatality
spring up to 6,287 in 2006 from accident cases reported in 250,429 and
341,252 cases of accident for 2000 and 2006 respectively. The obtained results
show that, high rate of accident is reported each year. The project is designed
to build an obstacle avoidance robotic vehicle using ultrasonic sensors for its
movement. An Arduino uno is used to achieve the desired operation. A robot is
a machine that can perform task automatically. Robotics is generally a
combination of computational intelligence and physical machines (motors).
Computational intelligence involves the programmed instructions. The project
proposes robotic vehicle that has an intelligence built in it such that it guides
itself whenever an obstacle comes ahead of it. This robotic vehicle is built,
using an Arduino uno. An ultrasonic sensor is used to detect any obstacle
ahead of it and sends a command to the Arduino. In today’s world robotics is a
fast growing and interesting field. robot has sufficient intelligence to cover the
maximum area of provided space. Autonomous Intelligent Robots are robots
that can perform desired tasks in unstructured environments without
continuous human guidance. The obstacle detection is primary requirement of
this autonomous robot. The robot gets the information from surrounding area
through mounted sensors on the robot.

BLOCK DIAGRAM
COMPONENTS
 Arduino Uno
 Motor Driver (L293D)
 DC Motor
 Ultrasonic Sensor
 Jumper Wire
 Breadboard
 9V Battery

WORKING
 This project help in moving vehicle from one place to another
without causing accident
 Dc gear motor is used because we can operate it at low speed
 Ultrasonic sensor is used for obstacle detection and the range of
the ultrasonic sensor is 4-6m.
 When the obstacle or something appears before vehicle the
ultrasonic sensor will sense and then the vehicle will stop.
 As soon as the obstacle is removed from path the vehicle will start
moving again.
 The vehicle is placed on the path.
 When the power switch is on the battery delivers supply to
controller and motor.
 As soon as some obstacle is put in the range of 4-6m in front of
the vehicle the vehicle will stop.
 And when the obstacle is removed from path the vehicle will start
moving again.

Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04

The ultrasonic sensor is used for obstacle detection. Ultrasonic
sensor transmits the ultrasonic waves from its sensor head and again

receives the ultrasonic waves reflected from an object. There are

many application use ultrasonic sensors like instruction alarm
system, automatic door openers etc. The ultrasonic sensor is very
compact and has a very high performance. It has both the
transmitter and receiver. It consists of four pins Vcc pin to offer a 5V
supply to the sensor, trigger pin give a TTL pulses (15us), echo pin to
get the output from the sensor and ground pin. Ultrasonic sensor
HC-SR04 is shown below.

Timing Diagram
The Timing diagram is shown below. The ultrasonic sensor emits the
short and high frequency signal. These propagate in the air at the
velocity of sound. If they hit any object, then they reflect back echo
signal to the sensor. The ultrasonic sensor consists of a multi
vibrator, fixed to the base. The multi vibrator is combination of a
resonator and vibrator. The resonator delivers ultrasonic wave
generated by the vibration. The ultrasonic sensor actually consists of
two parts; the emitter which produces a 40kHz sound wave and
detector detects 40kHz sound wave and sends electrical signal back
to the microcontroller.
MOTOR DRIVE MODULE (L293D)
The L293N H-bridge module can be used with motors that have a
voltage of between 5 and 35v dc. With the module used in this
tutorial, there is also an onboard 5V regulator, so if your supply
voltage is up to 12V you can also source 5V from the board. The
Motor drive module diagram as shown below.
ARDUINO UNO
Arduino uno is a microcontroller board dased on the
ATmega328P(datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins of which
6 can be used as PWM outputs, 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz
crystal, a USB connection, a power jack an ICSP header and a reset
button 4.3.1.
ATMEGA 328P-PU
Atmega328 is a single chip microcontroller created by ATMEL in the
mega AUR family A common alternative to the ATmega328 is the
“pico power” ATmega328P. The most common implementation of
this is on the popular Arduino development platform, namely the
Arduino UNO or Arduino Nano models
CODE
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

ADVANTAGES
 Less maintenance and more reliable.
 Accidents due to careless driving can be prevented.
 Some animals that pop up right in front of car which causes
accident can be prevented.
 Cost of components are affordable.
 Obstacle avoiding robots can be used in almost all mobile robot
navigation systems.
 They can be used for household work like automatic vacuum
cleaning.
 They can also be used in dangerous environments, where human
penetration could be fatal.

CONCLUSION

 Usually people drive very harshly in heavy traffic prone areas as

they are in a hurry, but in that hurriedness they often end in
loosing either their life or someone other life on road.
 Our project is based on “Automatic Vehicle Speed Control
System”, so it has a great significance in termination and
reduction of overall accidents and casualties in high traffic prone
areas.
 This project has a system that checks the speed of the vehicle
using IR sensors and microcontroller and sends warning signals to
driver to lower down the speed if speed is on higher side. Incase
driver don’t reduce the speed then within seconds our system will
take over the control and will reduce ate speed of vehicle
automatically.
 Hence ,this project is a great life saving system in heavy traffic
areas.