Module 3

3
Philosophy of Education and
Personal Philosophy of
Teaching

In this Module
What is Philosophy of Education?

Some Philosophies of Education

Principles and Philosophy of Philippine Education

A. Art. II, Sec.17 (1987 Phil. Constitution)
B. Art. XIV, Sec. 1-2 (1987 Phil. Constitution

4. Personal Philosophy of Teaching

A. Importance of a personal philosophy of teaching.
B. How to write a personal philosophy of teaching?

Advancement in society is the upshot of education. Educational practices, aims

and goals are primarily based from the different philosophy of life. From the given
context, it is then understood that philosophy and education are interrelated with each
other. This module will bring you to an understanding on some aspects of philosophy.

At the end of this module you are expected to:

1. Acquire a full understanding of philosophy and its relationship to education.
2. Determine the legal bases of the principles and philosophy of Philippine
Education
3. Exhibit understanding on the importance of personal philosophy of teaching.

Are you ready? Then start the lesson now!

 Lesson
1 What is Philosophy of
Education?

At the end of the session, you are expected to:

1. Discuss the meaning of philosophy
2. Explain the relationship between philosophy and education

Introduction
It has been said that perspective and behavior of an individual is often influenced
by a specific philosophy he or she believes in. In this lesson you will be introduced to
the basic definition and common types of philosophies utilized in education.

MINUTE PAPER REFLECTION

Direction: Write a short reflection about the statement below: Share your answer
with a partner.

“Education without philosophy is blind and

philosophy without education is invalid”
-Thomas, 1968

Education makes a man who values life and makes a man successful in life.
Talking about philosophy it is an activity where people undertake when they seek to understand
fundamental truths about themselves, the world in which they live, and their relationship to the
world and to each other (Department of Philosophy, 2015). While education is the process of
facilitating learning, other acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs and habits. Pursuing
education have always been one of my dreams and while I am learning and acquiring some skills
I let myself to have a connection in making decisions with regards to best options and facts only.
I must pursue education with my perseverance and dedication in order to know my purpose and
to know how am I going to reach my destination or my goals in life. Without it, I won’t be able
to complete and won’t be able to find my place in which my future will be invalid
 Analysis

Guide Questions:

1. What does the word “philosophy” mean” as used in the passage given above?
Answer: Philosophy means how it values life, how one lives and the human
knowledge and means to the right decisions to be made to meet the expected
destination.

2. What common understanding do you have regarding the term philosophy and
education?
Answer: My common understanding regarding to the term philosophy and education
is that they are related to each other. Philosophy leads the way for the education to
be able to know its direction. It is making ways for education to have discovered its
purpose the goals of it or the desired outcomes because education is like an
innocent child and through philosophy it turns out to be a civilized man. Their
relationship deals with the end and the means.

3. As a pre-service teacher, how does your understanding of philosophy influence your

teaching perspective?
Answer: Teachers are the facilitators of student’s learning and guiding them to be
independent learners. As a pre-service teaching, my understanding of philosophy
influence my teaching perspective in a way that I am going to apply all the practices,
theories and beliefs of teaching as well as the laws in transferring knowledge to my
students. I will be serving as their role model for them to be inspired in which they
can bring or apply their learning to the society. Also, it will influence my teaching
perspective to not on giving up to all type of learners; to be able to analyse their
actions and understand their positive and negative methods, considering that all
students are equal, and teaches them on how to work together who serves the
community that will help them how to be united. In that way, I can help my
students show their path on reaching their goals and destination in life.
 Abstraction: Let Us Build On!

Definition of Philosophy
 Comes from the Greek word phílosophía, meaning ‘the love of wisdom’. It is
about the study of knowledge and metacognition.
 It is also about how one live, about right and wrong (ethics), things that
exist and its nature (Metaphysics), genuine knowledge (epistemology) and
principles of reasoning (logic) (Wikipedia)
 It is also about fundamental nature of the world, human knowledge and
human conduct (The Philosophy Pages)

But you may wonder how is philosophy connected with education? Why include it
in our discussion? Let us take a look on the difference between these three conceptions of
philosophy and its relationship to educational practice.

Conceptions of Philosophy Definition

 referred to as a kind response to a
question or situation
Philosophy as Wisdom  Categorized into two: personal reflections
on broad questions, and prophetic wisdom.
 Based on personal accounts or experiences
 Referred to as an organized body of
opinion
 Can be used as a basis for action in an
organization or educational institution.
Philosophy as Ideology
 Provides idea on how to create structure
and control in the organization.
 Individual insights and understanding may
be used to justify policies and procedures..
 Considered idea as tentative.
 On some point, ideas are accepted as true
but eventually may change due to available
evidences or proofs.
 May allow questioning to proceed.
Philosophy as Critical Inquiry
 Individuals are given the option to follow
certain procedures that do not impede or
create the unbiased result.
 Often served educators by adopting the
procedure particularly in a very diverse
society where so many wisdoms and
ideologies are available.
How is philosophy related to education?

In a more specific context, philosophy as critical inquiry allows an educator to come up

with more logical decisions and choices. This is based on the premise that an inquiry is
not restricted to what is absolute, but instead, decisions are made, taking into
consideration several options. 

From the above concept, it was emphasized that for an educator to come up with a better
decision, he/she must:
• Select fairly from available options to strengthen practice;
• Ensure that selection of ideas is practical and impartial; and 
• Select techniques that are practical and fair to address problems in school. 
.

PHILOSOPHY AND EDUCATION: What's The Connection?

©1999 Edward G. Rozycki
The Relationship between Philosophy and Education

 Philosophy defines the end of life and affords guidance and supervision for education to
accomplish the goal. Through the help of several philosophers, success in education is
achieved.
 Philosophy influences all aspects of education and will continue to influence educational
practices.
 Great Philosophers are great educators of their time. Plato, Confucius Socrates, Locke,
Comenius, Rousseau, Froebel, Dewey, and other Great Philosophers contributed a lot to
education. Their philosophies were made as the basis for educational planning. They
also employed education to transform ideas and insights into practice.

(PHILOSOPHY AND EDUCATION [email protected], 9419021657)

 Application: Let’s Apply
A. Using the balance chart below, illustrate the relationship between philosophy
and education. Provide a brief explanation below the illustration.

Philosophy Education

Concerned with what we can can gain knowledge and

know about the world and skills through the
how we can know it. experiences.

Practices, beliefs, values Field of study that deals

and ethics are used for with methods of teaching
basis.

serves as guidance that The act of transferring

seeks fundamental truths. knowledge and skills.

The illustration above shows the relationship of philosophy and education

by describing their definition. It shows how these two have connections and it
will influence all aspects as well as the practices of education in which it
could be the way that success can be achieved.
 B. Today I learned that……..
I learned that philosophy is related to education. I learned that philosophy
and education are two different fields of studies but they are closely linked
together, in which it emphasizes that without any reasonable thinking with
regards to education, the whole educational process is directionless.

Closure
CONGRATULATIONS!!!!!
You may now proceed to the next
lesson.
 Lesson
2 Philosophies of Education

At the end of the session, you are expected to:

1. Determine how to utilize the given philosophies in the classroom.

Sentence Prompts

Direction: Complete the sentence below. Share your answer with a partner.

One important thing I know about philosophy is it serves as guidance for

education to accomplish the goal. It helps an educator to make decisions in life
fairly from the available options, ensure that the selection of ideas is practical
and select strategies that are appropriate and fair regarding to school issues.

Analysis

Guide Questions
1. What common understanding do you have about philosophy?
Answer: My common understanding that I have about philosophy is it plays a vital
role to any aspect of life and concerning on determining the truth which serves as
expressing oneself and so as for making decisions.

2. Do you agree that philosophy is related to education? Why?

Answer: Yes, because it is the dynamic side of philosophy. Education applies the
principles, fundamentals of philosophy and also philosophy gives methods for
education knows the practices and values to be transferred.
 3. How does your understanding about philosophy influence your teaching-learning
practices?
Answer: My understanding in philosophy influenced my teaching-learning practices
in a way that it helps me know the nature, truth, ideals and values which helps me
how to formulate methods in teaching.

Abstraction: Let Us Build On!

Let us try to look at the some philosophies of education:

Philosophy Why Teach How to teach What to Teach

 develop learners  use of  skills or
into becoming experiential processes to
progressive and methods cope with
rational citizens  use of actual change.
Progressivism
experience  skills in
 utilize problem evaluating
solving method information and
problem solving
 Develop the  Lesson and  Uses a general
students’ rational activities are curriculum not a
and moral focused around specialist
powers. the teachers.  Stressed on
 Use of Socratic humanities and
Perennialism
dialogues or general
debate to allow education.
students to  Lessons are
understand picked up from
concepts. the great books
Existentialism  Allow students to  Method focuses  Students are
acknowledge on the individual. given a wide
their individual  Learning is self- variety of
unique paced, self- options from
characteristics directed. which to choose.
 Allow students to  Use of values  Arts is used to
discover their clarification to develop the
own essence. technique to fully creativity,
 Allows know imagination and
development of themselves. self-expression
the whole being of students.
not just the  Vocational
mind.. education is
used to teach
students about
 their potential.
 Allows reform of  Classroom  Teachers guide
behaviour by conditions are students to
providing a good arranged to allow provide a
environment students to positive
 After for students respond to a response to
who show good particular stimuli. specific stimuli in
behaviour in the  Physical factors the classroom.
society. such as light,
Behaviorism ventilation,
visual aids,
classroom
arrangement are
controlled in
order to get the
necessary
response form
students. .
 Strengthen  Utilized  Trained to
communication experiential communicate
skills of students learning in clearly including
 Develop skills to teaching sending and
send messages language and receiving
clearly and communication. messages
interpret  Use dialogue as a correctly.
messages means to  Practice the use
correctly. exchange words of language in a
and ideas. correct, precise.
. Grammatical,
coherent and
accurate
Linguistic manner.
Philosophy  Assist students
to expand
vocabularies to
enhance
communication
skills
 Teach students
the appropriate
use of non-
verbal
communication.
 Introduce as
many languages
as possible.
Constructivism  Produce a self-  Activities are  Learners are
motivated and provided to give taught skills such
 independent students an as searching,
learners equipped opportunity to critiquing, and
with learning hypothesize, evaluating
skills that allow predict, information,
them to construct manipulate reflecting,
new knowledge objects, relating and
and meaning. investigate, making meaning.
imagine and  Drawing
invent. insights, posing
 Utilize interactive questions,
strategies that researching,
promote constructing new
exchange of knowledge are
ideas among also encouraged
learners, among students.
teachers and
learners and
learners and
content.
 Teachers are
facilitators of the
activities.
 Learners are  Mastery of the  Mastery of the
taught to develop subject matter fundamental r’s
basic knowledge,  Use of prescribed –reading, ‘riting,
skills and values. textbooks, drill ‘rithmetic and
 Teachers teach method and right conduct.
students other related  Subjects includes
traditional moral method that will math, natural
values and allow students to science, history,
Essentialism intellectual master academic foreign language
knowledge content. and literature.
necessary to  Schools observe
become assets of longer school
the community. days and longer
academic year.
.  Technique used
is memorization
and discipline
 Application: Let’s Apply

A. Using the table below indicate how you can utilize the philosophy in the
classroom

Philosophy How to utilize the philosophy in the classroom

Progressivism Conducting assessments to the students and see if their

results have developed compared to last assessment.

Perennialism Let students read great books like encyclopaedia and jot
down notes all the human knowledge.

Existentialism Let the students choose their specialization e.g., Information

communication and technology, Cookery and Hand and Foot
care.
Behaviourism Set rules and policies in the classroom for students to be
disciplined and have encouragement to learn.

Linguistic Philosophy Assign every student a topic for reporting and with the use of
English in delivering the topics.

Constructivism Let the students do the gallery walk in the classroom and let
them understand and let them construct their understanding
as well pose a questions they have on their mind.
Essentialism Let the students create simple sheets that show their
learning in the particular subject and post it to every subject
corner in classroom.

B. Today I learned that ……

Philosophies can be related to education and how to utilize it in classroom;

why does it need to teach, how to teach and what to teach.

Closure

CONGRATULATIONS!!!!!
You may now proceed to the next
lesson.
 Lesson Principle and Philosophy of Philippine
3 Education

1. Demonstrate understanding on the principle, philosophy and laws behind the Philippine
Educational System.

2. Determine how these laws shaped and guided the establishment of the Philippine
educational system.

Introduction

Theories and principles which are also identified as philosophies play a very
significant role in every aspect of human life which must be put into practiced.
Otherwise, they will only serve as something relevant for library purposes. Hence,
philosophies must be for and emerge from experience.
 Concept Web

Direction: Choose a partner and discuss the meaning of the statement “Philippine
Education” using the concept web below. You may write anything related to the
statement and can add additional shapes and lines if needed.

As the administration
changes in proceeding
years, educational
system has improved

Influenced by
the country’s Quality
colonial history education
Philippine
Educational
System

Growth of Aims to improve

population stresses the global
the educational competitiveness
system
Poorer families
benefited to the
educational
reforms
 Analysis : Let us Analyze

Guide Questions:

1. Based on the activity above, what do you mean by Philippine Educational System?
Answer: Philippine Educational System is how the education works in our country and
the basis of it is the administrations that govern the educational laws. It shows the
factors that can affect the system of education.

2. What do you think are the principles that guided officials in the establishment of the
Philippine Educational System?

Answer: The principles that guided officials in the establishment of the Philippine
Educational System are the goals that they needed to achieve, strategies to be used, the
concepts to be plan, and the possibilities that can give challenges to the educational
system.

Abstraction: Let Us Build On!

Principle and Philosophy of Philippine Education

1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION (Article II, Section 17) - Declaration of

Principles and State Policies

The State shall give priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture,
and sports to foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote
total human liberation and development.

1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION (Article XIV, Section 1-2) - Education,

Science and Technology, Arts, Culture, and Sports
Section 1. The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all
levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.

Section 2. The State shall:

(1) Establish, maintain, and support a complete, adequate, and integrated system of education
relevant to the needs of the people and society;

(2) Establish and maintain a system of free public education in the elementary and high school
levels. Without limiting the natural right of parents to rear their children, elementary education
is compulsory for all children of school age;

(3) Establish and maintain a system of scholarship grants, student loan programs, subsidies,
and other incentives which shall be available to deserving students in both public and private
schools, especially to the underprivileged;

(4) Encourage non-formal, informal, and indigenous learning systems, as well as self-learning,
independent, and out-of-school study programs particularly those that respond to community
needs; and

(5) Provide adult citizens, the disabled and out-of-school youth with training in civics, vocational
efficiency, and other skills.

Section 3. (1) All educational institutions shall include the study of the Constitution as part of
the curricula

(2) They shall inculcate patriotism and nationalism, foster love of humanity, respect for human
rights, appreciation of the role of national heroes in the historical development of the country,
teach the rights and duties of citizenship, strengthen ethical and spiritual values, develop moral
character and personal discipline, encourage critical and creative thinking, broaden scientific
and technological knowledge, and promote vocational efficiency.

(3) At the option expressed in writing by the parents or guardians, religion shall be allowed to
be taught to their children or wards in public elementary and high schools within the regular
class hours by instructors designated or approved by the religious authorities of the religion to
which the children or wards belong, without additional cost to the Government.

Section 4.(1) The State recognizes the complementary roles of public and private institutions in
the educational system and shall exercise reasonable supervision and regulation of all
educational institutions.

(2) Educational institutions, other than those established by religious groups and mission
boards, shall be owned solely by citizens of the Philippines or corporations or associations at
least sixty per centum of the capital of which is owned by such citizens. The Congress may,
however, require increased Filipino equity participation in all educational institutions.
The control and administration of educational institutions shall be vested in citizens of the
Philippines.

No educational institution shall be established exclusively for aliens and no group of aliens shall
comprise more than one-third of the enrollment in any school. The provisions of this subsection
shall not apply to schools established for foreign diplomatic personnel and their dependents
and, unless otherwise provided by law, for other foreign temporary residents.

(3) All revenues and assets of non-stock, non-profit educational institutions used actually,
directly, and exclusively for educational purposes shall be exempt from taxes and duties. Upon
the dissolution or cessation of the corporate existence of such institutions, their assets shall be
disposed of in the manner provided by law.

Proprietary educational institutions, including those cooperatively owned, may likewise be

entitled to such exemptions, subject to the limitations provided by law, including restrictions on
dividends and provisions for reinvestment.

(4) Subject to conditions prescribed by law, all grants, endowments, donations, or contributions
used actually, directly, and exclusively for educational purposes shall be exempt from tax.

Section 5. (1) the State shall take into account regional and sectoral needs and conditions and
shall encourage local planning in the development of educational policies and programs.
(2) Academic freedom shall be enjoyed in all institutions of higher learning.
(3) Every citizen has a right to select a profession or course of study, subject to fair,
reasonable, and equitable admission and academic requirements.
(4) The State shall enhance the right of teachers to professional advancement. Non-teaching
academic and non-academic personnel shall enjoy the protection of the State.
(5) The State shall assign the highest budgetary priority to education and ensure that teaching
will attract and retain its rightful share of the best available talents through adequate
remuneration and other means of job satisfaction and fulfillment.

LANGUAGE

Section 6. The national language of the Philippines is Filipino. As it evolves, it shall be further
developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages.
Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall
take steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and
as language of instruction in the educational system.

Section 7. For purposes of communication and instruction, the official languages of the
Philippines are Filipino and, until otherwise provided by law, English.
The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as
auxiliary media of instruction therein.
Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis.

Section 8. This Constitution shall be promulgated in Filipino and English and shall be
translated into major regional languages, Arabic, and Spanish.
Section 9. The Congress shall establish a national language commission composed of
representatives of various regions and disciplines which shall undertake, coordinate, and
promote researches for the development, propagation, and preservation of Filipino and other
languages.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Section 10. Science and technology are essential for national development and progress. The
State shall give priority to research and development, invention, innovation, and their
utilization; and to science and technology education, training, and services. It shall support
indigenous, appropriate, and self-reliant scientific and technological capabilities, and their
application to the country’s productive systems and national life.

Section 11. The Congress may provide for incentives, including tax deductions, to encourage
private participation in programs of basic and applied scientific research. Scholarships, grants-
in-aid, or other forms of incentives shall be provided to deserving science students,
researchers, scientists, inventors, technologists, and specially gifted citizens.

Section 12. The State shall regulate the transfer and promote the adaptation of technology
from all sources for the national benefit. It shall encourage the widest participation of private
groups, local governments, and community-based organizations in the generation and
utilization of science and technology.

Section 13. The State shall protect and secure the exclusive rights of scientists, inventors,
artists, and other gifted citizens to their intellectual property and creations, particularly when
beneficial to the people, for such period as may be provided by law.

ARTS AND CULTURE

Section 14. The State shall foster the preservation, enrichment, and dynamic evolution of a
Filipino national culture based on the principle of unity in diversity in a climate of free artistic
and intellectual expression.
Section 15. Arts and letters shall enjoy the patronage of the State. The State shall conserve,
promote, and popularize the nation’s historical and cultural heritage and resources, as well as
artistic creations.

Section 16. All the country’s artistic and historic wealth constitutes the cultural treasure of the
nation and shall be under the protection of the State which may regulate its disposition.

Section 17. The State shall recognize, respect, and protect the rights of indigenous cultural
communities to preserve and develop their cultures, traditions, and institutions. It shall consider
these rights in the formulation of national plans and policies.

Section 18. (1) The State shall ensure equal access to cultural opportunities through the
educational system, public or private cultural entities, scholarships, grants and other incentives,
and community cultural centers, and other public venues.
(2) The State shall encourage and support researches and studies on the arts and culture.
SPORTS

Section 19. (1) The State shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs,
league competitions, and amateur sports, including training for international competitions, to
foster self-discipline, teamwork, and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert
citizenry.

(2) All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country in
cooperation with athletic clubs and other sectors.

Do this: Write three key terms from what you have learned about the topic, two ideas you
would like to learn more about and one concept that you think you have mastered.

3 Key Terms I Learned Two Ideas I would like to One concept that I have
Learn More Mastered
The declaration of Principles The thought of fostering Principle and Philosophy of
and State Policies. patriotism and nationalism. Philippine education.
Emphasis of the Education, Accelerating social progress
Science and Technology, Arts, and promoting total human
Culture and Sports. liberation and development.
Education being prioritized by
the state.

Application: Let us Apply

A. Direction: Look for a partner and answer the following abbreviated case
scenario related to the practice of the teaching profession.

1. After the inspection, it was found that Spring Valley College was duly controlled and
administered by a foreign owner. It was also noted that 80% of the stocks was
owned by the foreigner. The Filipino counterpart was summoned to the office of the
City Mayor after the complaint was filed by the inspecting team emphasizing that the
operation is a violation of the law. Is the complaint of the inspecting team valid?
What provisions in the Article XIV of the Philippine constitutions supports the claim
of the inspecting team?

Answer: Yes, the complaint of the inspecting team is valid. And to support the claim of
team, it can be through this provision of the Article XIV, Section 4.2 stated that
“Educational institutions, other than those established by religious groups and mission
boards, shall be owned solely by citizens of the Philippines or corporations or
associations at least sixty per centum of the capital of which is owned by such citizens.
The Congress may, however, require increased Filipino equity participation in all
educational institutions. The control and administration of educational institutions shall
be vested in citizens of the Philippines. No educational institution shall be established
 exclusively for aliens and no group of aliens shall comprise more than one-third of the
enrollment in any school. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to schools
established for foreign diplomatic personnel and their dependents and, unless otherwise
provided by law, for other foreign temporary residents.”

2. Mr. Juan Dela Cruz filed a complaint against the Vienna Elementary School since her
daughter was forced by the class adviser to attend religion classes even if it is
against their religious practice. The class adviser emphasize that non-attendance to
the religion class would mean failure on the part of the pupil. Is the claim of the
class adviser valid? What provisions in the Article XIV supports the complaint of Mr.
Juan Dela Cruz?

Answer: The claim of the adviser is invalid because it violated the provision of Artcile
XIV, Section 3 which states “ At the option expressed in writing by the parents or
guardians, religion shall be allowed to be taught to their children or wards in public
elementary and high schools within the regular class hours by instructors designated or
approved by the religious authorities of the religion to which the children or wards
belong, without additional cost to the Government.”

B. Today I learned that ……

There is a big contribution of Principle and Philosophy of Philippine Education to me as
an individual, because it helps on how to show claims by using the provisions on a
certain situations. Also, it helps me on my field for it allows me to be aware on what to
avoid and what to do in order to refrain from having trouble to others.

CONGRATULATIONS!!!!!
You may now proceed to Lesson 4.
 Lesson
4 Personal Philosophy of Teaching

1. Describe the importance of a personal philosophy of teaching and how this affects the
teaching-learning process.
2. Formulate a personal philosophy of teaching and apply it to different teaching-learning
situations.

Realism is a complex philosophy because of its many varieties, to wit: classical realism,
religious realism, scientific realism and others. This confusion dates back to Aristotle because
although his prominence in philosophy was primarily derived from his differences with
Platonic philosophy, probably more similarities than differences exist overall between Plato
and Aristotle. The primary confusion over realism today is between religious kind of realism
and a secular or scientific one. Religious realism shows how similar Aristotle’s philosophy is
to that of Plato and Aquinas; secular realism would relate Aristotle’s work more to the
development of scientific philosophy through the works of Bacon, Locke and Russell.
Like idealism, realism is one of the oldest philosophies in Western culture and dates back
at least to ancient Greece. Because of its respectable age, realism has had a variety
of
proponents and interpretations as diverse as classical and religious realism to
scientific,
natural and rational realism. Because of this confusing array of variations, it seems most
reasonable to approach this philosophy from common threads interwoven throughout its long
history.
Perhaps the most central thread of realism is what can be called the principle of thesis of
independence. This thesis holds the reality, knowledge and value exist independently of the
human mind. In other words, realism rejects the idealist notion that only ideas are real. The
realist asserts, as a fact, that the actual sticks, stones and trees of the universe exist whether or
not there is a human mind to perceive them. Matter is real to realist; however, this does not
mean that all realists are rampant materialists who see matter in one form only. There can be
many kinds of what we call matter, and some realists believe in both matter and form. What
is important is that realists point to matter as an example of an independent reality.
Realism is a complex philosophy because of its many varieties, to wit: classical realism,
religious realism, scientific realism and others. This confusion dates back to Aristotle because
although his prominence in philosophy was primarily derived from his differences with
Platonic philosophy, probably more similarities than differences exist overall between Plato
and Aristotle. The primary confusion over realism today is between religious kind of realism
and a secular or scientific one. Religious realism shows how similar Aristotle’s philosophy is
to that of Plato and Aquinas; secular realism would relate Aristotle’s work more to the
development of scientific philosophy through the works of Bacon, Locke and Russell.
In realism, human acquire knowledge by inculcating knowledge to the minds because in
realism, it believes that the human beings have no inborn, or innate, ideas in their minds at
birth. When it first exists it is a blank slate, a "tabula rasa," an empty surface on
which
experience will then subsequently write all that we ever know. All contents of consciousness,
that is, everything that ever gets into the mind, comes into it from one source only, and that
source is experience. Experience is the one source of input into the human mind. Ideas (or
sensations) in minds are caused by qualities in things. A quality is a power in a thing to cause
an idea in a mind. So a quality is not a thing, really, but is a power in a thing to cause an idea
in a mind. Sensation is simply the raw data that your senses bring into your brain,
and
perception includes the judgments and interpretations that you add to the sensations so that it
ends up having some meaning for you. Raw sensation, plus how we construe
those
sensations, yields what our minds then perceive. In imparting knowledge, values
is
integrated. In order for a child to learn in an orderly mannered, he is informed properly. In
realism, society has impact in teaching the child. What surrounds him can affect his mind and
views in life.
Locke believes that there are only four kinds of realities that exist in the world. He
believes that we know about the existence of minds both our own and those of other people
-- by a process he terms "intuiting". He believes we know about the existence of ideas by
reflection. Locke believes that we know about the existence of things through sens
Introduction

A personal teaching philosophy is a very essential element every teacher must possess.
Acquiring a philosophy directs and guides a teacher’s teaching practices in the classroom as well
as how they perceive teaching and learning and the students around them.
Let's suppose you become a teacher and have not examined your philosophy. How will you
proceed? Will you focus on the textbooks? Use study guides? Have students fill out worksheets
or answer questions/solve problems at the end of a chapter? Will you lecture? Will you test for
memorization?

One Minute Paper

Direction: For one minute, think of one teacher you know whose philosophy of teaching
is really good. Why do you say that his/her philosophy is good?
 One of my teachers, way back when I was in my Senior high school is really
good in teaching and in facilitating her students. And by seeing her doing that, I can tell that
her philosophy in teaching is good. Reasons why I said that her philosophy in teaching is good,
first she knows how to understand her students, how they develop and learn. She had a
responsibility as a teacher to be an effective diagnostician’s of the students’ interests, abilities
and prior knowledge. Second, she wants her students to achieve at high levels but let them
avoid competing with each other. She structure learning so that students productively
collaborate and cooperate with each other. Third, she have a deep appreciation of how
knowledge of the discipline will expose to her students to modes of critical thinking,
encouraging students to analyse, apply, synthesize and evaluate all they read and hear.
Generally, she is the most powerful of role models.

Analysis: Let us analyze

Guide Questions:

1. How does the philosophy of the teacher influence his/her practice of the teaching
profession?
Answer: It helps her influenced her practice of teaching in a way that she heartedly
accept it that guides her in managing the students’ learning as we’ll as their
environment on how to be conducive.

2. Do you agree that having a personal philosophy of teaching is important? Why?

Answer: Yes, since the duty and responsibility of the teacher is to facilitate the learning
of the students. The teacher must have his/her plans in order to know the strategies on
how to adjust and accept the different learning styles of students.

3. As a future teacher, how does your personal philosophy of teaching affects instructional
planning?
Answer: It affects my instructional planning in a way that it helps me gather information
and availability of such sources that I needed when teaching. Especially when I am
majoring in mathematics, it will help me improve my skills that leads to be productive
one on delivering my lessons.

Abstraction: Let Us Build On!

Importance of a Personal Philosophy of Teaching

 A personal teaching and learning philosophy is regarded as one of the most desirable
attributes in pre-service teachers. It encompasses what teachers believe and value about
teaching, as well as how students learn best. This has great importance, because it is from this
personal philosophy that pre-service teachers will base their decisions. A personal teaching
philosophy is developed throughout a pre-service teacher’s studies, career and teaching
experiences and is best evident in pedagogical practice. It is dynamic, as the result of new and
diverse experiences, especially in pre-service training, as undergraduate students are exposed
to different schools, students, teachers and learning environments through professional
experience.

Teaching Philosophy Template

- Your concept of learning

What do you mean by learning? What happens in a successful learning situation?
Note what constitutes "learning" or "mastery" in your discipline.

-Your concept of teaching

What are your values, beliefs, and aspirations as a teacher? Do you wish to
encourage mastery, competency, transformational learning, lifelong learning, general
transference of skills, critical thinking? What does a perfect teaching situation look like
to you and why? How are the values and beliefs realized in classroom activities? You
may discuss course materials, lesson plans, activities, assignments, and assessment
instruments.

- Your goals for students

What skills should students obtain as a result of your teaching? Think about your
ideal student and what the outcomes of your teaching would be in terms of this
student's knowledge or behavior. Address the goals you have for specific classes or
curricula and that rational behind them (i.e., critical thinking, writing, or problem
solving).

- Your teaching methods

What methods will you consider to reach these goals and objectives? What are
your beliefs regarding learning theory and specific strategies you would use, such as
case studies, group work, simulations, and interactive lectures? You might also want to
include any new ideas or strategies you want to try.

- Your interaction with students

What are you attitudes towards advising and mentoring students? How would an
observer see you interact with students? Why do you want to work with students?
- Assessing learning
How will you assess student growth and learning? What are your beliefs about
grading? Do you grade students on a percentage scale (criterion referenced) or on a
curve (norm referenced)? What different types of assessment will you use (i.e.
traditional tests, projects, portfolios, presentations) and why?

- Professional growth
How will you continue growing as a teacher? What goals do you have for
yourself and how will you reach them? How have your attitudes towards teaching and
learning changed over time? How will you use student evaluations to improve your
teaching? How might you learn new skills? How do you know when you've taught
effectively?

Do this: Write a one-sentence summary of the topic “Personal Philosophy of Teaching”.

A personal teaching and learning philosophy emphasizes the beliefs and values
of a teacher that matters to the results of the students or how the teacher makes
decisions to know and understand the students in the field.

Application

A. Formulate your own personal philosophy of teaching. Discuss on how you are
going to utilize and/or apply the philosophy in the teaching learning process.

I believe that the teacher must do his/her duty and responsibilities on

transferring the knowledge of a particular subject, skills and practices of being a
student. Learning is a process of acquiring knowledge. I will discipline my
students on how to value what have they learned in the lessons as well to let
them apply it in their daily live and in unexpected situations they have encounter
for them to have mastered the lessons. And that is the time when successful
learning occurs. As a teacher, I want to become a good example to my students
and I will try my best to not to disappoint them. I want to become a teacher that
understands the background of the students to be able to know the
consequences of considering them. I will encourage my students to be
competitive in all aspects that leads to be a good leader, organizer and in critical
thinking. Competitive, in a way that they have the skills of collaboration in which
they can’t think of competing with each other. I want to be a perfect teacher
that matters the learning and the performance of my students, I will not just
vary to their results numerically, and instead I will give my judgment based on
 how they deliver what they learned orally. My goals for my students are to make
them read and read for the available books and for what they desire to read
because I believe in that way, they mastered their writing skills, critical thinking
skills as well as how they are going to solve problems. My teaching methods that
I am going to use are to let them practice on writing, think of issues with regards
to the global trend and to let them have conduct case studies. I can’t be the role
model if personally, I don’t know how to handle and interact with my students. I
will open myself to them and show them what I have learned to my previous
teacher and hone me to become an effective one. Generally, my growth as a
professional teacher will matter to the evaluation of the students, how their
performances reflect to me as a teacher whether they have met the objectives
and make me as an effective and efficient teacher.

B. Today I learned that ……

It is important to have your own philosophy in teaching to have your guides on
how you handle the students and to look for the better ways to have the best decisions
to be made in facilitating and transferring knowledge, discipline and some skills to the
students.

Closure
CONGRATULATIONS!
You have just completed Module 3.
 Module Summary

This module was designed to provide students an opportunity to understand

philosophy and its relationship to education. The activities, analysis, abstraction and
application included throughout the module afford students a chance to make sense on
the importance of philosophy in the educational practice. Legal bases were also
introduced to further understanding of students on the value of philosophy of education.
Students were also given the opportunity to write their own personal philosophy of
teaching
 REFERENCES

 Lourdes Lim, Rosalina A. Caubic,and Luvimi L. Casihan. The Teaching Profession.Adriana

Publishing Co., Inc.Manila, Philippines: 2014.

 PHILOSOPHY AND EDUCATION [email protected], 9419021657

 THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES .... Retrieved from
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-
of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-xiv/

 Writing Your Teaching Philosophy | Center for Educational .... Retrieved from
https://cei.umn.edu/writing-your-teaching-philosophy