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Matrices and Linear Systems: Matrix Algebra

The document discusses matrices and linear systems. Some key points: - A matrix is an m x n array of numbers with m rows and n columns. It is denoted with a capital letter. - Operations on matrices include addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, and matrix multiplication. Matrix multiplication is only defined if the number of columns of the first matrix equals the number of rows of the second. - The transpose of a matrix is obtained by interchanging its rows and columns. Other types of matrices include diagonal, triangular, identity and zero matrices.

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Pavirlene Escaño Norte
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48 views

Matrices and Linear Systems: Matrix Algebra

The document discusses matrices and linear systems. Some key points: - A matrix is an m x n array of numbers with m rows and n columns. It is denoted with a capital letter. - Operations on matrices include addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, and matrix multiplication. Matrix multiplication is only defined if the number of columns of the first matrix equals the number of rows of the second. - The transpose of a matrix is obtained by interchanging its rows and columns. Other types of matrices include diagonal, triangular, identity and zero matrices.

Uploaded by

Pavirlene Escaño Norte
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

08/07/2021

MATRICES AND
LINEAR SYSTEMS
Matrix Algebra

MATRIX
• A system of m n numbers arranged in the form of an ordered set of
m rows, each consisting of an ordered set of n numbers, is called an
m x n matrix.

• If there are m rows and n columns in the array, the matrix is said to
be of order m x n or (m,n) or m by n

• Denoted with a bold Capital letter

• All matrices have an order (or dimension): that is, the number of
rows x the number of columns. So, A is 2 by 3 or (2 x 3).

MATRIX

• numbers a, are called elements. First subscript indicates the row;


second subscript indicates the column. The matrix consists of mn
elements
• It is called "the m x n A= [aij]" or simply "the matrix A" if number of
rows and columns are understood.

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SCALAR
A scalar is a number

VECTOR
A vector is a single row or column of
numbers denoted with bold small
letters.

TYPE OF MATRICES

Row Matrix Square Matrix Zero Matrix


An m x n matrix is called A square matrix is a A matrix each of whose
row matrix if m= 1 matrix that has the same elements is zero & is called
number of rows and a zero matrix. It is usually
columns denoted by "O". It is also
called "Null Matrix"

TYPE OF MATRICES

Diagonal Matrix Scalar Matrix Unit Matrix


A square matrix with its It's a diagonal matrix It's a scalar matrix whose
all non diagonal elements whose all elements are all diagonal elements are
as zero. equal. equal to unity. It is also
called a Unit Matrix or
Identity Matrix. It is
denoted by In.

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TYPE OF MATRICES

UPPER TRIANGULAR LOWER TRIANGULAR


Triangular Matrix MATRIX MATRIX
If every element above or
below the diagonal is zero,
the matrix is said to be a
triangular matrix.

EQUALITY MATRICES

• Two matrices A & B are said to be equal if:


✓ A and B are of the same order
✓ All the elements of A are equal as that of
corresponding elements of B
• Two matrices A = [aij] & B = [bij] of the same order are
said to be equal if aij = bij

EQUALITY MATRICES EXAMPLE

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EQUALITY MATRICES EXAMPLE

OPERATIONS ON
MATRICES

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION

• Two matrices may be added (or subtracted) iff they


are the same order.

• Simply add (or subtract) the corresponding elements.


So, A + B = C

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ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION EXAMPLE

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION EXAMPLE

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SCALAR MULTIPLICATION

• To multiply a scalar times a matrix, simply multiply


each element of the matrix by the scalar quantity

SCALAR MULTIPLICATION

SCALAR MULTIPLICATION

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SCALAR MULTIPLICATION

SCALAR MULTIPLICATION

MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

• If A = [aij] is a m x p matrix and B = [bij] is a p x n


matrix, then AB is defined as a m x n matrix C = AB,
where C= [cij] with

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RULES IN MATRIX
MULTIPLICATION
• Multiplication or Product of two matrices A & B is
possible iff the number of columns of A is equal to the
number of rows of B.

• The rule of the multiplication of the matrices is row-


column wise.

RULES IN MATRIX
MULTIPLICATION
• The first row of AB is obtained by multiplying the 1st
row of A with 1st, 2nd & 3rd column of B.

• The second row of AB is obtained by multiplying the


2nd row of A with 1st, 2nd & 3rd column of B.

• The third row of AB is obtained by multiplying the


3rd row of A with 1st, 2nd & 3rd column of B.

MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

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MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

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PROPERTIES OF MATRICES

PROPERTIES OF MATRICES

MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

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MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

TRANSPOSE OF A MATRIX

• The matrix obtained by interchanging the rows and


columns of a matrix A is called the transpose of A.
(written as AT or A’)

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