ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Artificial intelligence leverages computers and machines to mimic the
problem-solving and decision-making capabilities of the human mind.
“ It is the science and engineering of making intelligent
machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It is related
to the similar task of using computers to understand human
intelligence, but AI does not have to confine itself to methods
that are biologically observable.” as per John McCarthy.
***At its simplest form, artificial intelligence is a field, which
combines computer science and robust datasets, to enable
problem-solving. It also encompasses sub-fields of machine
learning and deep learning, which are frequently mentioned in
conjunction with artificial intelligence. These disciplines are
comprised of AI algorithms which seek to create expert
systems which make predictions or classifications based on
input data.***
TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
WEAK AI STRONG AI
Weak AI—also called Narrow AI or Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)—is
AI trained and focused to perform specific tasks. Weak AI drives most of
the AI that surrounds us today. ‘Narrow’ might be a more accurate
descriptor for this type of AI as it is anything but weak; it enables some
very robust applications, such as Apple's Siri, Amazon's Alexa, IBM
Watson, and autonomous vehicles.
Strong AI is made up of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and Artificial Super
Intelligence (ASI). Artificial general intelligence (AGI), or general AI, is a
theoretical form of AI where a machine would have an intelligence equaled to
humans; it would have a self-aware consciousness that has the ability to solve
problems, learn, and plan for the future. Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI)—also
known as superintelligence—would surpass the intelligence and ability of the
human brain. strong AI is still entirely theoretical with no practical examples in
use today.
MACHINE VS DEEP LEARNING
***Both deep learning and machine learning are sub-fields of artificial
intelligence, and deep learning is actually a sub-field of machine
learning.***
Deep learning is actually comprised of neural networks. “Deep” in deep
learning refers to a neural network comprised of more than three layers
—which would be inclusive of the inputs and the output—can be
considered a deep learning algorithm. This is generally represented
using the following diagram:
Deep learning automates much of the feature extraction piece of the
process, eliminating some of the manual human intervention required
and enabling the use of larger data sets. You can think of deep learning
as “scalable machine learning”.
Machine learning is more dependent on human intervention to learn.
Human experts determine the hierarchy of features to understand the
differences between data inputs, usually requiring more structured data
to learn.
"Deep" machine learning can leverage labeled datasets, also known as
supervised learning, to inform its algorithm, but it doesn’t necessarily
require a labeled dataset. It can ingest unstructured data in its raw form
(e.g. text, images), and it can automatically determine the hierarchy of
features which distinguish different categories of data from one another.
Unlike machine learning, it doesn't require human intervention to
process data, allowing us to scale machine learning in more interesting
ways.
*** HOW AI CAN HELP ORGANIZATIONS
The central tenet of AI is to replicate—and then exceed—the way
humans perceive and react to the world. It’s fast becoming the
cornerstone of innovation. Powered by various forms of machine
learning that recognize patterns in data to enable predictions, AI can add
value to your business by:
Providing a more comprehensive understanding of the
abundance of data available
Relying on predictions to automate excessively complex or
mundane tasks
