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Transmission Lines and Waveguides: Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 343, MCS

This document discusses transmission lines and waveguides. It begins by introducing different types of waveguiding structures that can support electromagnetic wave propagation, including transmission lines, hollow metallic pipes, and dielectric substrates. Maxwell's equations are presented and used to derive the general solutions for transverse electromagnetic (TEM), transverse electric (TE), and transverse magnetic (TM) waves in waveguides. TEM waves are characterized as having electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to the direction of propagation, with no cutoff frequency. TE and TM waves have electric or magnetic fields parallel to propagation and do have cutoff frequencies above which they can propagate.

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89 views10 pages

Transmission Lines and Waveguides: Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 343, MCS

This document discusses transmission lines and waveguides. It begins by introducing different types of waveguiding structures that can support electromagnetic wave propagation, including transmission lines, hollow metallic pipes, and dielectric substrates. Maxwell's equations are presented and used to derive the general solutions for transverse electromagnetic (TEM), transverse electric (TE), and transverse magnetic (TM) waves in waveguides. TEM waves are characterized as having electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to the direction of propagation, with no cutoff frequency. TE and TM waves have electric or magnetic fields parallel to propagation and do have cutoff frequencies above which they can propagate.

Uploaded by

pakore
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transmission Lines and

Waveguides

Chapter 3
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Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 343, MCS
Applications of Waveguides

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Applications of Waveguides

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Introduction
 Wave guiding structures are transmission line, hollow
metallic pipes and dielectric substrates
 In 1897, Lord Reyleigh mathematically verified the
propagation of waves in hollow waveguides
 In 1932, G. South-worth verified it experimentally
 Transmission lines can support TEM waves
 The α on transmission lines increases as f
 Waveguides (consisting of single conductor) support TE
or TM waves not TEM waves
 TE & TM waves have specific cutoff frequency
 Waveguides act as high pass filters for these modes
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Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 343, MCS
3.1 General Solutions For TEM, TE &
TM Waves
 General solutions to Maxwell’s equations for trans. line
or waveguide of arbitrary cross section
 Consider a lossless and source free waveguide placed
along z-axis

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Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 343, MCS
 Maxwell’s equations can be written in its components as

  E = − j H   H = j E

(1)… Ez + j  E = − j H H z


+ j  H y = j Ex …(4)
y x
y x

Ez H z
(2)… − j  Ex − = − j H y − j H x − = j E y …(5)
x x
E y Ex H y H x
(3)… − = − j H z − = j Ez …(6)
x y x x

 E z ( x , y , z ) = ez ( x , y ) e − j  z ∂/ ∂z is replaced by jβ
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Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 343, MCS
 Components of E & H are not independent
 The six equations can be solved in terms of Ez & Hz
 Using equations (1) and (5) we can write
j  Ez H z 
H x = 2   − 
kc  y x 
j  Ez H z 
H y = − 2   + 
kc  x y  …(7)
j  Ez H z 
Ex = − 2   +  
kc  x y 
j  Ez H z 
Ey = 2  − + 
(Dispersion relation)
 where kc 2 = k 2 −  2
kc  y x 
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Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 343, MCS
TEM Waves
 TEM waves are characterized by Ez = Hz = 0
 Using it in equations (1) and (5) we can write

 2 E y =  2  E y
 =k
 kc 2 = k 2 −  2
kc = 0 (or fc = 0) cutoff wave number
 Using wave equation  2 2 2 2
 Ex + k Ex = 0  2 + 2 + 2 + k  Ex = 0
 x y z
2 2

 2 2 
As ∂2/ ∂z2 = -β2 = -k2  2 + 2  Ex = 0
Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 343, MCS
 x y  8
 TEM waves satisfy Laplace’s equation xy Ex = 0
 2

 TEM mode behaves like static fields between conductors


 TEM waves exist between two or more conductors
 A closed single conductor cannot support TEM waves
 Coaxial cable supports it because of central conductor
1
 Wave impedance is defined using H = (aˆ z  E )
Z
 Using (1) and (5), ZTEM = Ex/Hy = √µ/ε = η (freq. indep.)
 Analyze TEM waves using Laplace’s equation
(given in the book)

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Asst Prof Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, EE 343, MCS
The End

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