INTRODUCTION TO SECURITY

This chapter provides as the elementary concepts of security and

security management. It presents the general overview of security. A definition
of security management is also given to make us understand the groundwork
of the administrative processes or procedures in the operational environment of
security as applied in the Philippines setting.

A. Security in General

1. Definition of Security

Security, in a collective sense, is the same as protection and

safety; the state of being safe and the condition of being protected
against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional,
occupational, psychological or other types or consequences of
failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other event which
could be considered not desirable.

Security is also freedom from fear, harm, danger, loss, destruction

or damages.

Basically, it is the action of man against man that led to many

unsecured and unsafe conditions, Reasons could be economic, revenge,
or unjust plain greed and avarice. Whatever the motives, the civilized
man needs adequate protection.

2. Fields of Security

The following are the fields of security classified according to each

sphere or subjects;

a) IT FIELDS

 Computing Security – is a branch of information security applied

to both theoretical and actual computer systems. Computer
security is a branch of computer science that addresses
enforcement of “secure” behavior on the operation of computers.
The definition of “secure” varies by application, and is typically
defined implicitly or explicitly by a security policy that addresses
confidentiality, integrity and availability of electronic information
that is processed by or stored on computer systems.

 Data Security - is the means of ensuring that data is kept safe

from corruption and that access to it is suitably controlled. Thus
 data security helps to ensure privacy. It also helps in protecting
personal data.

 Application Security – encompasses measures taken to prevent

exceptions in the security policy of an application or the underlying
system through flaws in the design, development, or deployment of
the application.
 Information Security – means protecting information and
information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure,
disruption, modification or destruction.

The terms information security, computer security and

information assurance are frequently used interchangeably.
These fields are interrelated and share the common goals of
protecting the confidentiality, integrity and availability of
information; however, there are some subtle differences between
them. These differences lie primarily in the approach to the
subject, the methodologies used, and the areas of concentration.
Information security is concerned with the confidentiality, integrity
and availability of data regardless of the form the data may take:
electronic, print, or other forms.

 Network Security – consists of the provisions made in an

underlying computer network infrastructure, policies adopted by
the network administrator to protect the network and the network-
accessible resources from unauthorized access and the
effectiveness (or lack) of these measures combined together.

b) PHYSICAL SECURITY

 Physical Security – describes measures that prevent or deter

attackers from accessing a facility, resource, or information stored
on physical media. It can be as simple as a locked door or as
elaborated as multiple layers of armed guard posts.

 Shopping Center Security (Mall or Supermarket) – a type of

security which is concern with the protection of the stores,
warehouses, storage, its immediate premises and properties as well
as the supermarket personnel and customers. Security personnel
are trained to detect “shoplifter”, robbery, and bomb detection and
customer relation.
  Airport Security – refers to the techniques and methods used in
protecting airports and by extension aircraft from crime and
terrorism.

 Home Security – are those methods use of protecting residential

homes or town sites which include the interior protection of houses
against property losses or damages.

c) POLITICAL FIELD

 International Security – consists of the measures taken by

nations and international organizations, such as United Nations,
to ensure mutual survival and safety. These measures include
military action and diplomatic agreements such as treaties and
conventions. International and national security is invariably
linked.

 National Security – refers to the requirement to maintain the

survival of the nation-state through the use of economic, military
and political power and the exercise of diplomacy.

 Human Security – refers to an emerging paradigm for

understanding global vulnerabilities whose proponents challenge
the traditional notion of national notion of national security by
arguing that the proper referent for security should be the
individual rather than the state. Human security holds that a
people-centered view of security is necessary for national, regional
and global stability.

d) MONETARY FIELD

 Financial Security – refers to the methods applied for the

protection of fungible, negotiable instrument representing financial
value. It broadly categorized into debt securities, such as
banknotes, bonds and debentures, and equity securities, etc.

3. Types of Security

a. Industrial Security – a type of security applied to business groups

in industries like manufacturing, assembling, research and
development, processing, warehousing and even agriculture.

b. Hotel Security – a type of security applied to hotels where its

properties are protected from pilferage, loss, damage, and the
function in the hotel restaurants are not disturbed and troubled by
 outsiders or the guest themselves. This type of security employs
house detectives, uniforms guard and supervisor and insures that
hotel guests and their personal effects are safeguarded.

c. Bank Security – this type of security is concern with bank

operations. Its main objective is the protection of bank cash and
assets, its personnel and clientele. Security personnel are trained
to safeguard bank and assets while in storage, in transit and
during transactions.

d. VIP Security – a type of security applied for the protection of top-

ranking officials of the government or private entity, visiting
persons of illustrious standing and foreign dignitaries.

e. School Security – a type of security that is concern with the

protection of students, faculty members, and school properties.
Security personnel are trained to protect the school property from
theft, vandals, handling campus riots and detecting the use of
intoxicated drugs and alcohol by the students.

4. Principal Divisions of Security

PERSONNEL
SECURITY

PHYSICAL DOCUMENT/
SECURITY INFORMATION
SECURITY

a. Personnel Security - this is as important as physical security.

Personnel Security starts even before the hiring of an employee
and remains to be maintained for as long as the person is
employed.
 Its purpose is to insure that a firm hires those best suited to
assist the firm in achieving its goals and objectives and once
hired assist in providing necessary security to the work force
while carrying out their functions.

b. Physical Security – this concern with the physical measures

adopted to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, facilities,
material and document and to safeguard them against espionage,
sabotage, damage, loss and theft.

c. Document and Information Security - this involves the protection

of documents and classified papers from loss, access by
unauthorized persons, damage, theft and compromise through
disclosure.

Classified documents need special handling. Lack of

indoctrination and orientation among the personal handling them
can result in the leakage, loss, theft and unauthorized disclosure
of the documents.

5. Security Management

In one sense, Security Management is the proper utilization of

resources in a security organization in order to meet organizational goals
and objectives and to ensure their achievements. In another sense, it is a
broad field of management related to asset management, physical
security and human resource safety functions. It entails the
identification of an organization’s information assets and the
development, documentation and implementation of policies, standards,
procedures and guidelines.
Management tools such as information classification, risk
assessment and risk analysis are used to identify threats, classify assets
and to rate system vulnerabilities so that effective control can be
implemented.

B. Historical Background of Security

Many thousand years ago, some form of law and consequently

some form of enforcement can be traced back to the dawn of civilization.
Four thousand years before the birth of Christ in the Nile, Valley, man knew
law enforcement which is security. The Chinese, the Greeks, the Hebrews,
the Persians and the Roman empires are replete with historical background
of security.
 In the Christian ear or after the birth of Christ, the watchman,
forerunner of the security guard was known in the old Testaments.

Security or law enforcement more often than not appeared to be military

troops. During the time that the countries were governed by royal families,
military bodyguards or guardsmen picked from the elite troops comprised of
the household troops assigned to Royal Families. Famous among them the
Praetorian Guards of Ancient Rome and the Mameluke of Egypt. Today, the
only remaining are the Swiss Guards at the Vatican in Rome.

During the Age of Feudalism, the Anglo-Saxons brought with them the
England organizations made up of individuals to protect civil and military
groups. The formal system of security during the middle ages follows largely
the refinements of existing practices. The Anglo-Saxons from Germany, for
six hundred years consolidated England under a fairly legal system.

In the history of England, the Norman period administered by William of

Normandy brought about such personality as “shire reeves” whose duties
are directed toward preservation of peace and order within their jurisdiction.
Under the rule of Henry II, known as the “Law Giver”, he established a truth
between those crimes. Henry II has initiated the rule of law as distinct from
the more arbitrary judgments of the Normans. The Assize of Clarendon in
1166 provided the origin of trial by jury.

After the Norman period, in “1215” the “Magna Carta” was signed. It
established the “principle of due process” by stating that no freeman could
be arrested, imprisoned, deprived of his property, outlawed ort exiled or “in
any way destroyed except by legal judgment of his peers or by the law of the
Land”. It established the important principle that everyone including the
king is subject to law. It was at that time that a central court system was
established where in such institutions and courts like the coroners, Justice
of the Peace, Chancery courts, the Privy Councils were established.

In 1784, author and magistrate Henry Fielding proposed a permanent,

profession and adequately paid security force. His most valuable
contribution was the “Foot Patrol” to make the streets safe and mounted
patrol for the highways.

The Industrial Revolution during the latter half of the 18 th Century began
to gather momentum. The time people flocked to the cities lured by
promises of work and wages. The crowding of the cities with the influx of
wealth seeker brought theory, crimes of violence and juvenile delinquencies.
Then came the “Laisses Faire” which contended that labor was the
source of wealth; and it was by freedom of labor, that public wealth would
best be promoted. Crime rates spiraled the response to high crimes brought
citizens to resort to carrying of firearms for protection and they continued to
band together to hire special police to protect homes and properties. This
was the beginning of private security.

In America, security practices in the early days of the colonization

followed those of England. Mutual protection and accountability
characterized the various groups. The American Revolution sprang and the
“Declaration of Independence was born”. Police power is bestowed upon the
state to permit interference with the normal personal and property rights in
the interest of conducting government in the general public interest.” In
1783, a police Department was established in New York City, followed by
Detroi5t in 1801, Cincinnati in 1803, Chicago in 1846, Los Angeles in 1850,
Philadelphia in 1855 and Dallas in 1856.

In the Philippines, it would be wise to trace the steps leading to the final
signing by President Ferdinand E. Marcos on June 13, 1969 of Republic Act
5487, the Private Security Agency Law. In this law was assigned the most
important role of Security Guard Force in assisting the Police in its mission
to safeguard lives and properties. The then Philippine Constabulary (PC)
played a great role in supervising all Private Constabulary issued Staff
Memo dated August 4, 1969 creating the Philippine Constabulary Security
and Investigation Agency Supervisory Office (PCSIASO). After barely two (2)
months another General Staff Memo was issued renaming PCISASO to
PCSOSIA. On June 29, 1970, it was again renamed as PC Supervisory Unit
for Security and Investigation Agency (SUSIA). However, the supervision was
later on transferred to the National Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA).
With the intention of continuously professionalizing the security industry,
several Presidential Decrees were issued such as PD No. 11 issued on
October 1972, amending certain sections of RA 5487 particularly Sections 4
as to who may organize a security and watchman agency; PD 100 on
January 17, 1973 further amended Sections 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9 which permits
the watchman or security guard to assist in cases of emergency disaster or
calamity.

With the creation of the Philippine National Police on January 1, 1991

pursuant to RA 6975, PCSUSIA became Supervisory Office for Security and
Investigation Agencies (SOSIA) and on January 01, 1995 it was renamed as
PNP SAGSD (Security Agencies and Guards Supervision Division). This Unit
of the PNP was given the same functions to that of the PCSOSIA but a more
challenging and expanding tasks, To date, there are more or less Two
Thousand (2,000) registered security agencies operating in the Philippines,
Five Hundred Sixty Thousand (560,000) licensed security personnel and
One Hundred Twenty Four (124) Private Security Training Institutions.
INDUSTRIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT

Historical Background of Industrial Security in the Philippines

PADPAO
stands for the Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency
Operators.
It is a non-stock private organization, and it was formed in May 1958.

R.A. 5487
is an act that regulates the organization and operation of the private
detective, watchmen or security guard agencies.
- it is known as Private Security agency Law.

Before R.A. 5487 there is no law, what they need is only a permit from the city
or municipal mayor to hire a security guard.

PCSUSIA
Philippine Constabulary Supervisory Unit for Security and Investigation
Agencies – was formed as a result of the approval of R.A. 5487, which directs
the Chief PC to issue rules and regulations concerning the implementation of

R.A. 5487
later was change to PNPSOSIA- when the Philippine Constabulary was
dissolved and the personnel was merged to the PNP.

PNPSOSIA
PNP Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation Agencies – before it
is responsible for the issuance of implementing orders regarding the rules and
regulations affecting security agencies operation.
At present

PNPSAG/SD
PNP Security Agency Guards/ Supervision Division – for national and
PNP FE/SAGS – PNP Firearm and Explosives/ Security Agency Guard Services
for local, it directs the Chief of PNP to issue rules and regulations concerning
the implementing rules of R.A. 5487.

Effectivity date
Oct. 3, 1972 and Jan. 17, 1975 and amended by P. D. # 11 and 11A
and again amended in 2003 with Title 2003 Revised Rules and
Regulations Implementing R.A. 5487 as amended.
 Security.
Purpose of Security
is to protect the establishment from any form of losses as a result of
theft, robbery, pilferage, sabotage, espionage, accident, fire and subversive
activities.

What is Security?
Security
means the defense against crime.
or a state of being free

What is a Victim?
is the crime target

What is Victimology?
- is the study of victim

Different Types of Security:

1. Physical Security
 is a system of barriers placed between the potential intruder
and the matter to be protected. It is considered as the broadest
type of security.
 is concerned with the physical measures adopted to prevent
unauthorized access to equipment, facilities, material, and
documents, and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage,
damage and theft.
 Types of Physical security;
1. Active
by using different types of barriers.

Methods used;
a. Overt method
b. Covert method

2. Passive
by using psychological approach
2. Communication Security
 is the protection resulting from the application of various measures
which prevents or delay the enemy or unauthorized person in giving
information through the communication system.
3. Hotel Security
 is the protection resulting from the application of various measures
which safeguards hotel guests and personnel, hotel property, and
functions in hotel restaurants, bars and clubs.
4. Bank Security
 is the protection resulting from the application of various measures
which safeguards cash and assets which are in storage in transit and
during transactions.
5. Document Security
 is physical security that involves the protection of documents and
classified papers from loss, access to unauthorized person, damage, theft
and compromised through disclosure.
6. Personal and VIP Security
 involve in the protection of top ranking official the government, visiting
persons of illustrious standing and foreign
dignitaries.
7. Crisis Security
 is the protection of the rich person, industrial magnates, political leaders
against kidnapping for economic, political, emotional or nationalistic
purposes.

8. Industrial Security
 various measures to safeguard factories,
manufacturing establishment, etc.

8. Operational Security
  is physical which deals with the protection of
processes, formulas, patents and other activities.

9. Other special type of security-

 these type of security are adaptations, variations, innovations and
modifications of physical security which are follows, to wit:
a. Air cargo security
b. Supermarket
c. School Security
d. Personnel security

Security Hazard
 is any act or condition, which may result in the compromise of
information, loss of life, loss or destruction of property, or
disruption of the objectives of the installations.

Types of Security Hazards:

1. Natural Hazards
types of hazard, which the mere cause is the natural phenomenon.
Ex. Storm, earthquake, typhoons, floods, fire, lighting etc.

2. Human/Manmade Hazard
which is actually the act of omission or commission both
overt/convert by an individual or group of an individual.
Ex. Espionage and sabotage-because of the state of mind of an individual

Different types of barriers/Obstacles

1. Natural- mountain, forest, water or in nature.

2. Human
3. Animals
4. Structural- manmade obstacles
5. Energy- alarm system

Factors to be considered in providing the kind and degree of security.

1. Relative Critically
the importance of the product or services that the company is
giving or producing.
2. Relative Vulnerability
 how susceptible the establishment for the particular
sabotage, espionage, etc.

Factors to be considered in providing security for the establishment.

1. Size, shape and location
2. Number and character of people
3. Kind of product
Espionage
an act of gathering information
Espion – French word- which means spy
This is used to estimate or determine the best possible means of
sabotage.
Spy
is the agent of Espionage. They are very dangerous because of their skill
in deception and undercover works.

Methods used by the Agents of Espionage.

1. Stealing or buying information from the employees.

2. By using various form of threats or extorting information’s.
3. By means of blackmail.
4. Obtaining or gaining information from social gathering.
5. By the use of fake organization as a front.
6. Stealing records or documents.
7. By means of subversive activities.
age
is an act of destroying, damaging or any evil motives that will lead to
stoppage of the normal operation of the company, factory, plant and or
establishment.

Sabot
 French word – that means Wooden Slipper.
Saboteur – is the agent of sabotage.

3 types of Saboteur
1. Enemy agent
2. Traitorous person
3. Irresponsible person
Types of Sabotage

1. Mechanical Sabotage
2. Psychological Sabotage

Mechanical Sabotage
is an act wherein they used the object or substance within the area of an
establishment.

Types of Mechanical Sabotage

1. Contamination
is a type where they used foreign materials to apply in the establishment.

2. Breakage
destroying the vital parts of a machine.

3. Substitution
Substitution or changing of formula to another, which will cause damage
or destructions.

4. Omission
this is committed by means of a doing by an individual, which can cause
destruction inside of the company or establishment.

5. Abrasive
a special type of contamination, by using a type of material that will
grind metals.

Explosives
substances that are easily exploded by means of heat, friction,
jarring or sparks. They are highly dangerous because of its damaging effect.

Reasons Why Explosives becomes popular to the Saboteurs;

1. Because of devastating or damaging effect.

 2. Because of the availability of delaying devices/detonator.
3. Evidence will disappear and very hard to find.

Types of Explosives: According to their sensitivity.

1. Low Intensity Explosives

It is very sensitive to heat. It can be exploded by means of fire,
friction or spark.
2. High Intensity Explosives
is detonated by means of shock, jarring or shake. These are from
liquid.
Types of High Intensity Explosives;

1. Dynamite
from liquid it is manufactured and usually homemade and popularly
used by illegal fisherman and miners.

2. TNT (Trinitrotoluene)
popular in the military.

3. Plastic Explosives
4. Molotov Bomb
5. Stench Bomb
Chemical that is carried out by the racketeers and with
disagreeable odor.

Nitro-glycerin
contains of nitro-acid, sulfuric acid and glycerin.

Types of Stench Bomb

1. Zinc Valerate
 mix with alcohol, ether or warm water and place it in a vial or bottle.
(White Powder)
Valeriana Acid – white crystal – Valeriana Officinales

2. Butyric Acid
double fermentation of sugar and milk.

3. Hydrogen Sulfide
it has a rotten eggs, or rotten fish smell or odor.
Arson
is the malicious burning of one’s property.

Objectives:

1. Fraud- losing- by burning the property they can recover from losing.
2. Revenge/Spite
3. Pyromaniac- a person who is fond of looking fire
Combustion
a chemical process by which the heat and flame will comes out.
Causes of fire
1. Flame
2. Gas or Electricity
3. Chemicals
4. Heat of the sun
5. Bacteria
6. Spark
Fire is classified according to their classes.

1. Class A Fire
are those disposed by ordinary combustible material – Fire
extinguisher used is water.

2. Class B Fire
is disposed or composed of petroleum product- it serves as blanket
to burning material.

3. Class C Fire
is disposed or composed of electrical energy or from electricity
related fire- Fire extinguisher used are dry chemicals and carbon dioxide
 4. Class D Fire - composed or disposed by combustible metal-Fire
Extinguisher used are powder talc and dry seal.

What is the reason in classifying fire?

The reason is that in order to determine the types of fire extinguisher to be
used.
Fire Fighting
to reduce the burning material.
Subversive activities
dealing with the weakness of a person.
Economic sabotage
activities of the business establishment against the
government.

Objectives of Subversive activities:

Is to determine the authority, to under weaken the organization in order
that they can manage or take over the organization.

Parts of Subversive activities:

1. Rumor mongering
2. Propaganda
3. Legal Action
4. Arm threats – used of force
5. Murder, Kidnapping, corruption of a certain employee or employees
Riot
refers to the unlawful assembly that resulted to violent disturbance of
peace.

Causes of riot:
1. Panic
2. Strike
3. Mob- a promiscuous multitude of people, rude and disorderly.
Types of mob:
1. Aggressive mob
2. Escape mob
3. Acquisitive mob
4. Expressive mob
 4. Crowd – Temporary congregation of people.

Types of crowd:
1. Physical crowd – temporary congregation of people without interest
2. Psychological crowd- temporary congregation of people with common
interest in a certain thing.
Types:
a. Casual psychological – common interest only for short duration
b. International Psychological- common interest in a long duration
Pilferage- Petty theft
one of the most annoying and common human hazard
These activity must be immediately put in control

Types of pilferage:
1. Casual pilferage
one who steal due to inability to resist the unexpected opportunity or has
little fear that there is detection
- for souvenir
2. Systematic pilferage – one who steal with preconceived plan and take
away things for all types of goods, supplies or merchandis
- for economic gain

Methods used:
1. Classic method
2. Uses fake documents
3. Removal of items
4. Disposal of the same

Limiting factors of pilferage:

a. Value of the item- very expensive

b. Ease of concealment – easy to cover
c. Transportation
KLEPTOMANIAC
The person who is fond of getting the property of other
people.
there is satisfaction on the part of the person committing a crime.
Theft
 is committed by any person who with intent to gain but without violence
against or intimidation of persons nor force upon things shall take personal
property of another without the latter’s consent.
Simple theft
without violation of trust and confidence
Qualified Theft
taking the property of another with violation of trust and
confidence;
Example: maid, houseboy, salesgirl, or employees or any person that the victim
has trusted.

Shoplifter-
is those people or somebody who gets the things or property
displayed in the store without payment.

PROTECTIVE BARRIERS AND SECURITY LIGHTNING:

PERIMETER SECURITY
is the first line of security or defense.
by establishing structural barriers fence, to protect the entire
establishment.

Different enclosures used in the perimeter security.

1. Solid
they cannot see what is in the inside and those who are in the
inside they cannot see also what is in the outside
2. Full View
you can see through the fences, or what’s going on inside and out.

Safety measures to be used.

1. 7 feet minimum height of the fence, on top is a barbwire.

2. Security Guard- to check the in and out of building and the people.
3. Protective lighting for safety protection.

Poor lighting – indirect action- lack of protection

Well lighted
 psychological barriers- it gives more protection.
so that they can notice and familiarize, they can immediately detect the
particular intruder.
Factors to be considered in protective lighting.

1. Size, shape and location

2. Kind of product-variable, critical or plenty of loses
3. Protective advantage
4. Management policy-for security consciousness
Types of lighting system:

1. Continuous- non-stop
2. Stand by- operated manual by security guard or operated by an alarm
system
3. Movable- search light
4. Emergency- use in case of emergency
Position of the protective lighting

1. Always focus on the approach

2. Must focus on the people not on the guard
Preventive measures
is the best approach.

1. Perimeter security
2. Carefully select the workers and employees;
a. Initial security
b. Background investigation
c. Analysis of previous employment or employment history
d. Personal investigation
e. Establishing rules and regulation
f. Regularly check the pulse of your workers
Preventive measures to help in the establishment free of hazards

1. Intelligence
2. Solved Grievance
3. Prevent the organization of opposition
4. Develop working relation with other local authorities.
Different entries that are need to be controlled by the security guards.

a. Restricted area
 is an area access to which is subject to special restriction to the
flow of pedestrian or vehicular traffic to safeguard property or material.

b. Limited area
A restricted area containing a security interest or other matter in
which uncontrolled movement will permit access to such security
interest or matter; but within which and controlled.

c. Exclusive area
a restricted area containing a security interest or matter, which is
of such nature or of such vital importance that access to the area of
proximity resulting from access to the area, constitutes access to the
security interest or matter.
Clear zones
the exterior and interior parallel area near perimeter barriers of an
industrial compound to afford better observation and patrol movements.

Perimeter barriers
is a system of protection designed to restricted areas by unauthorized
person.
Purposes of perimeter barrier:
1. Outline the perimeter of the area to be protected.
2. Create a physical and psychological deterrent to unauthorized entry.
3. Delay intrusion, thus facilitating apprehension of intruders
4. Assist in a more efficient and economical employment of guards
5. Facilitate and improve the control of pedestrian and vehicular traffic.
Opening in perimeter barrier.
1) The number necessary to handle peak loads of pedestrian and vehicular
traffic
2) Gates- locks (seals) and seals
- Frequent inspection by guards
- Key control
3) Windows
4) Other openings
1. Sewer
2. Air and water intake
3. Exhaust tunnels
4. Electrical and common tunnels
5. Clear zones- exterior – 20 feet
- Interior- 50 feet
- If minimum clear zones is not possible
a) raise height of fence
 b) add more lights
c) increase patrol

Types of physical barriers

a. Natural barriers- mountain, rivers, seas and terrain

b. Manmade barriers- structural construction, like fences, walls, floors,
muffs and grills

Common types of physical barriers are;

a. Wire fences
b. Building walls
c. Bodies of water
Types of fencing

1. solid
2. full view- chain-link, barbwire

Security Planning:
Security Planning
is a corporate and executive responsibility. It involves knowing the
objectives of security and the means and methods to reach those objectives or
goals must then be evolved. In short, security planning is a decision-making
process.

Contents of Security planning:

1. The situation- this part of security planning explains the historical
background of the organization of its security picture
2. The mission- this part of security will cover what the plan is all about
and what it intends to do, This mission is further subdivided into:

a. Purpose
b. Goals
c. Objectives
3. Execution
this part of security plan will explains and outline the concept of
the security project
 4. Administrative and Logistics
This part of the security plan involves listing of security equipmenT
5. Command and signal
this last portion of the security plan pertains to the channel of
communication needed, when implementing to the project until in full
view.

SECURITY SURVEY
Security Survey
is the process of conducting an exhaustive physical examination and
thorough inspection of all operational systems and procedures of a facility.

Purposes of Security Survey

a. To determine existing state of security
b. To locate weaknesses in defenses
c. To determine degree of protection required.
d. To produce recommendations, establishing a total security program
Persons responsible to conduct security survey

a. Staff security personnel

b. Qualified security specialist

A Security Survey is known by a number of different terms such as;

1. Risk analysis
2. Risk assessment

Key step in a risk assessment process;

a. to determine value, impact and cost of any asset should it be lost due to
natural or man-made forces.
b. To determine the degree of probability that natural or man-made forces will
strike at any given facility.

Information necessary in conducting a survey:

1. A plot plan of the area to be surveyed

2. A map of the city or locality in which the facility is located, this
becomes very important if the facility consist of more than one location.
 3. The number of employees working on each shift by category
4. The operational flow plans of the facility if they are available in writing
5. Maps and description of guard tours and stations if available
6. Guard orders and the facility’s security manuals if there are such
7. Locations of the nearest fire department and police headquarters
Security Inspection
is a process of conducting physical examination to determine
compliance with established security policies and procedures as a result of a
security survey.
Comparisons Security Survey and Security Inspection.
Security Survey
 Defensive type process/service
 Detailed study of the existing security measures
 Conducted to determine the level of security required consistent
with the mission
 Broader in scope
 Non-recurring type of service
Security Inspection.
 Defensive type servicE
 Limited check of the security measures already adopted
 Conducted to determine the degree of compliance with directed
security measures
 Limited in scope
 Recurring type of service
Types of Guard Forces

a. Company guard- proprietary or in house security, and they are

directly under the payroll of the company.
b. Agency guard- they are hired by an agency, and they are paid by
contract
c. Government Guard Forces- they are considered as government
employees and paid by the government
Security Guard Forces
maybe define as a group of forces of men selected,
trained and organized into a functional group for the purpose of protecting
operational processes from those disruption which impede efficiency or halt
operations at a particular plant, facility, institution or special activity.

The Essential Qualities of Security Guards:

1. Alertness
 2. Judgment
3. Confidence
4. Physical Fitness
5. Self-control
SECURITY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
facilities provided for signaling, alerting or alarming workers at any
location through out the installation as occasion demands. These includes
telephone and radio.
PROTECTIVE ALARM SYSTEM
provide an electrical and mechanical means of detecting and announcing
proximity of instruction which endanger the security of a restricted area, a
facility, or its components.
Kinds of Lock:
1) Warded lock
old type where the key is open and be seen through
2) Disc tumbler lock
used in car doors, desk, drawers, etc.
3) Pin tumbler lock
widely used I doors of offices and houses
irregular in shape and the key
4) Lever lock
used in locker
5) Combination lock
has 3 deals which must be aligned in proper order before the lock
will be open
6) Code-operated lock
this opens by pressing a series of numbers buttons in proper
sequence
7) Card-operated lock
coded cards whether notched, embossed or embedded with
magnetic-fuels are inserted to open
8) Padlock
a pad and a lock combination
Terminologies:

 Private Detective
is refers to any person who is not a member of a regular police agency
or the Armed Forces of the Philippines who does detective work for hire,
reward, or commission.
 Persons
 as used in this act, shall include not only natural persons but also
judicial persons such as corporation, partnership, company or
association duly registered with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC) and Bureau of Commerce.
 Private Detective Agency
refers to any organization or corporation who is not a member as
regular police agency or of the AFP.
 Watchmen/Security Agency
Any persons, associations, partnership or
corporation who recruits training, masters, furnishes, and solicits
individuals or business firms, private or government owned corporation,
engaging his services those of its watchmen either residential or business
premises, or both for hire or compensation thru subscription shall be
known as watchmen or security agency.
 License or License Certificate
a document issued to a person by competent authority allowing
such person to established direct, manage, or operate detective or
intelligence and private watchmen/security agency.
Advantages of an Agency Guard Services;
 More economical
 Security administrative problems are reduced
 Problems related to recruiting, pre-employment investigation and
training are eliminated
 Absenteeism and vacation leaves are eliminated
 Security personnel are separated from co-employees
 Incase of emergencies, extra guards are easily available
 Incase of company strike, the agency guards will be on duty to carry out
their assigned duties.
Disadvantages of Agency Guard Services;

 Lack of training
 Low caliber employees
 No company loyalty
 Project poor image
 Large turn-over
 Not familiar with plans
Advantages of a company Guard Forces:
 Generally higher caliber as they can receive higher wage
 Generally they provide better services
 Can be trained to handle of the more complex security duties
 Less turn-over
 Are more familiar with facilities they protect
 Tend to be more loyal to the company
Disadvantages of Company Guard Forces:
 Cost more
 Maybe required to join guard force
 Problem of ensuring availability of back-up personnel

Control of authorized entry:

1. Screening of personnel
2. Identification of personnel
3. Identification of visitors
4. Control of truck/vehicle
5. Control of packages
6. Container control
What is the purpose of Key Control?

1. To control the issue, use and storage of keys and reserve key locks
2. To control reproduction of duplicate keys
3. to control lock rotation and or replacement
4. To maintain record on all of the above
5. To ensures proper supervisions of key control measures by responsible
persons.
The following areas needs to be inspected, to determine the degree
of protection to be applied in the establishment

1. Perimeter
2. Building Security
3. Key Control
4. Protective lighting
5. Communication and alarm system
6. Personnel identification and control
7. Vehicular identification and control
8. Safety for personnel
9. Adequacy of existing guard forces
SURVEY REPORTS
itemizes the condition which are conducive to breaches of security,
records the preventive measures currently in effect, and when required---
makes specific practical and reasonable recommendations to bring the physical
security to the desired standard.