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    POTD Holiday Olympiad

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    Yash Vardhan
    The document summarizes the problems for Day 1 and Day 2 of the POTD Holiday Olympiad. Day 1 includes problems about determining constants for trigonometric functions of sides of a triangle, counting integers within ranges, and proving triangles are parallel. Day 2 includes problems about proving collinearity of points related to a triangle's orthic triangle, determining bounds on a sum involving greatest common divisors, and proving a polynomial has exactly one negative root given properties of its coefficients.

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    POTD Holiday Olympiad

    Uploaded by

    Yash Vardhan
    34 views3 pages
    The document summarizes the problems for Day 1 and Day 2 of the POTD Holiday Olympiad. Day 1 includes problems about determining constants for trigonometric functions of sides of a triangle, counting integers within ranges, and proving triangles are parallel. Day 2 includes problems about proving collinearity of points related to a triangle's orthic triangle, determining bounds on a sum involving greatest common divisors, and proving a polynomial has exactly one negative root given properties of its coefficients.

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    The document summarizes the problems for Day 1 and Day 2 of the POTD Holiday Olympiad. Day 1 includes problems about determining constants for trigonometric functions of sides of a triangle, counting integers within ranges, and proving triangles are parallel. Day 2 includes problems about proving collinearity of points related to a triangle's orthic triangle, determining bounds on a sum involving greatest common divisors, and proving a polynomial has exactly one negative root given properties of its coefficients.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    34 views3 pages

    POTD Holiday Olympiad

    Uploaded by

    Yash Vardhan
    The document summarizes the problems for Day 1 and Day 2 of the POTD Holiday Olympiad. Day 1 includes problems about determining constants for trigonometric functions of sides of a triangle, counting integers within ranges, and proving triangles are parallel. Day 2 includes problems about proving collinearity of points related to a triangle's orthic triangle, determining bounds on a sum involving greatest common divisors, and proving a polynomial has exactly one negative root given properties of its coefficients.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    POTD Holiday Olympiad

    Vincent Huang, Kevin Ren, Tristan Shin

    Wishing you Happy Holidays for 2015/2016!

    1
    1 Day 1
    1. a) Let a, b, and c be real numbers all of the same sign. Does there necessarily exist a
    real constant k such that for some triangle ABC, sin ∠BAC = ka, sin ∠CBA = kb,
    and sin ∠ACB = kc? If not, determine all triples (a, b, c) such that a constant k
    that satisfies those conditions exists.

    b) Let a, b, and c be real numbers all of the same sign. Does there necessar-
    ily exist a real constant k such that for some triangle ABC, cos ∠BAC = ka,
    cos ∠CBA = kb, and cos ∠ACB = kc? If not, determine all triples (a, b, c) such
    that a constant k that satisfies those conditions exists.

    2. Let m and n be positive integers and x a positive real number. If e (m, n, x) gives
    the number of integers i in [1, m] such that ix is an integer in [1, n], compute
    m
    ! n   !
    X X i
    min (bixc , n) + min ,m − e (m, n, x)
    i=1 i=1
    x

    in terms of m, n, and x.

    3. Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral inscribed in circle ω. Let diagonals AC and


    BD meet at P . Construct circle ω1 tangent to circle ω, to segment AP at Q, and
    to segment DP . Construct circle ω2 tangent to circle ω, to segment BP at R, and
    to segment CP . Prove that AB k CD if and only if AB k QR.

    2
    2 Day 2
    1. Let I be the incenter of the orthic triangle DEF of acute triangle ABC with D ∈
    BC, E ∈ AC, F ∈ AB. Furthermore, let X be the intersection of the A-symmedian
    CD BD LE
    with BC and L be the point on line segment EF such that CX = BX · LF . Prove
    that A, L, and I are collinear. Note: the A-symmedian is defined to be the reflection
    of the A-median over the A-angle bisector.

    2. Let
    1 X
    Sk = 2
    GCD (a, b)k .
    n 1≤a,b≤n

    Determine all real k so that Sk is bounded from above by a constant.

    3. Let P (x) = x3 − x2 + cx + d be a polynomial with all real roots such that c + d > 0
    and
    c2 c2 + 90d2 + 108d3 (3c + 8) < 17c3 d.
    

    Prove that P has exactly one negative root.

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