Computer Education Output Devices -  

is any device used to send data

Brief History from a computer to another
Computer - an electronic device for storing and device or user.
processing data, typically in binary form, according Monitor - works with a video card, located inside
to instructions given to it in a variable program. the computer case, to display images and
Charles Babbage – Designed the Analytical Engine, text on the screen.
which is the framework of computers today. Speakers – an external sound system, typically a
- A 19th Century English Mathematician (Father of high-power high-quality setup.
Modern Computer) Printers – Used to print out files.
Early Computers - Devices have been used to aid Projector - an object that is used to project rays of
computation for thousands of years, mostly light, especially and apparatus with a system of
using one-to-correspondents with fingers. lenses for projecting slides or film onto a screen.
Ancient Computers What is a system unit?
Abacus - was early used for arithmetic tasks. System Unit - is the part of a computer that houses
- was used in Babylonia as early as 2400 BC the primary devices that perform operations and
First Generation Computers 1940 – 1956 produce results for complex calculations.
(Vacuum Tubes) Basic Parts of A System Unit
- Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer Motherboard - is the core of the system, it controls
(ENIAC) everything in the system.
- uses vacuum tubes for processing Processor – it is often thought of as the engine of the
- first general – purpose digital computers computer.
Second Generation Computers 1947 – 1962 - It is also called the CPU.
(Transistors) Random Access Memory (RAM) - is the primary
- Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC) memory, which holds all the programs and data the
(IBM) International Business Machines – introduced processor is using at a given time.
the first commercial computers Hard Disk Drive – is the primary archival storage
- Smaller size as compared to first generation memory for the system.
computers -  It is where we saved our files and data including
Third Generation Computers 1964 – 1971 our operating system, antivirus and other
(Integrated Circuits) applications.
- Smaller, Powerful more reliable and can run many Video Card – it controls the information you see on
different the monitor.
programs. - This is also called the video card or graphics
- Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-Dos) adapter.
- IBM introduced the Personal Computer (PC) Power supply – is the one that feeds electrical power
Fourth Generation Computers 1971 – present (voltages and currents) to every single part in the PC.
(Microprocessors) Other Hardware Components
- Single chip Cooling Systems – Removes the heat generated by
- present computer the computers.
- thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a Heat sink - attached to the CPU to dissipate the
single silicon chip.  generated heat.
Fifth Generation Computers (Artificial Exhaust Fan - commonly attached above the heat
Intelligence) (Present and Beyond) sink.
- it is still in development Buses - a set of circuits on the motherboard through
- fifth-generation computing is to develop devices which data is transferred from one part of a computer
that respond to another.
to natural language input and are capable of learning BIOS - is a firmware that supports the PC during
and self-organization. start-up.
ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER Universal Serial Bus (USB) – was developed to
HARDWARE simplify the connection of peripheral devices to the
SOFTWARE PC.
PEOPLEWARE Expansion Cards – is a printed circuit printed circuit
PARTS OF A COMPUTER board that you can insert into a motherboard to add
Hardware Devices -  is the physical parts or functionality to a PC.
components of a computer. all of which are tangible Disk Drive Controller – manages the transfers of
physical objects. data from a motherboard to a disk drive and vice
Input and Output Devices (I/O Devices) versa.
Input Devices – it sends data or instructions into a Optical Drives – uses light produced by lasers
computer. instead of magnetism to store data on optical disks.
Keyboard - is one of the most popular ways of USB Drives – is a small, portable flash memory
inputting data information and instructions into a device that plugs into any computer with USB port
computer. and functions as a portable drive.
Mouse – Commonly known as a pointing device. Modems (Modulator-Demodulator) – is a device
Microphone - connected to software that converts that enables the PC’s digitally stored information to
human speech into commands or text. be transmitted over lines in the form of sound waves.
Scanner - used to convert images and text into a Wireless Adapters – permits a mobile user to
digital format. connect to a LAN through a wireless connection.
What is a SOFTWARE?
Software – is the programs and other operating software is programs designed to handle
information used by a computer. specific tasks for users. Smartphone apps
- is a general term for the various kinds became a common way for individuals to
of programs used to operate computer and related access information systems.
devices. • Telecommunications -
Operating System - manages all the other programs Telecommunications are used to connect, or
in a computer.  network, computer systems and portable and
Two Major Categories wearable devices and to transmit
• System Software - consists of an operating information
system and some fundamental utilities such • Databases and Data Warehouses - Many
as disk formatters, file managers, display information systems are primarily delivery
managers, text editors, user authentication vehicles for data stored in databases.
(login) and management tools, and • Database – is a collection of
networking and device control software. interrelated data organized so that
• Application Software - is used to individual records or groups
accomplish specific tasks other than just records can be retrieved to satisfy
running the computer system. various criteria.
What is Peopleware? • Data Warehouses – contain the
It refers to the human role in an IT system. In many archival data, collected overtime,
cases, peopleware forms a kind of "conceptual that can be mined for information
triangle" with hardware and software.  in order to develop and market new
Information system – is an organized combination products, serve the existing
of people, hardware, software, communications, customers better, or reach out to
Networks and data resources that collects, transforms potential new customers.
and disseminates information in an organization. • Human resources and procedures -
Brief History of Information System Qualified people are a vital component of
• Johannes Gutenberg – Invented the any information system. Technical
printing press in the mid-15th century. personnel include development and
• Blaise Pascal – Invented the calculator in the operations managers, business analysts,
17th century. systems analysts and designers, database
• Herman Hollerith’s census tabulator – administrators, programmers, computer
Invented in time to process the 1890 U.S security specialists, and computer operators.
census, his machine represented a major step Computer concepts and fundamentals
in automation, as well as inspiration to Computer - It comes from the Latin word
develop computerized information systems. “Computus” or “Computare”.
• 1970’s – personal computer brought some of • It is an electronic device for storing and
the advantages of information systems to processing data.
small businesses and to individuals. • It is typically in binary form, according to
• Internet – began its expansion as the global instructions given to it in a variable
network of networks. program.
World Wide Web (www) –invented by Tim 4 ages of information technology
Berners-Lee as a means to access interlinked Information technology
information stored in the globally dispersed • A tool or devices used to communicate over
computers connected by the internet, began long distances.
operation and became principal service delivered • Develop to simply the communications of
on the network. humans dated thousands of years ago.
Their inventions led to a profound revolution in the Pre – mechanical age
ability to record, process, disseminate, and reach for • It is the earliest age of information
information and knowledge. technology.
Components of information systems are computer • 3000 B.C. and 1450 A.D.
hardware and software, telecommunications, • Petroglyths
databases and data warehouses, human resources, and • 100 A.D. when the first 1 – 9 system was
procedures. created by people from India. 775 years later
• Computer Hardware - Today throughout the number 0 was invented.
the world even the smallest firms, as well as • Abacus – first known computer dated 3000
many households, own or lease computers. B.C. in Babylonia.
Individuals may own multiple computers in Mechanical age
the form of smartphones, tablets, and other • The era where we first start to see
wearable devices. connections between our current technology
• Computer Software - and its ancestors.
Computer software falls into two broad • 1450 and 1840
classes: system software and application • Pascaline – invented by Blaise Pascal, was a
software. The principal system software is very popular mechanical computer.
the operating system. It manages the • Analytical Engine – it is the framework of
hardware, data and program files, and other our computers today.
system resources and provides means for the - Designed by Charles Babbage, a 19th Century
user to control the computer, generally via English mathematician, and was considered as the
a graphical user interface (GUI). Application Father of modern computer.
Electro – mechanical age processor
• Technologies this era are powered by both It is often thought of as the engine of the computer. It
mechanical and electricity. is also called the CPU.
• 1840 and 1940 Random access memory (RAM)
• Telegraph – created in the early 1800’s It is the primary memory which holds all the
• Morse code – created by Samuel Morse in programs and data the processor is using at a given
1835. time.
• Telephone – created by Alexander Graham Hard disk drive (HDD)
Bell (1876) It is the primary archival storage memory for the
• Radio – developed by Guglielmo Marconi system.
(1894) Power supply
Electronic age It is the one who feeds electrical power to every
• The era where we currently live in. single part of the computer.
• 1940 up to till now.
Different generations of computers Customized computers - Is a trend in todays
1st generation computer generations where computer owners modify not just
Dated 1940 and 1956. hardware components but also the software of a
computer.
It uses Vacuum tubes as its processors. Other hardware components
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer Cooling systems – it removes the heat generated by
(ENIAC). the computer.
It is the first general purpose digital computers. Examples of cooling systems:
2nd generation computers Heat sink – it is attached to the CPU to dissipate the
Dated 1947 – 1962. generated heat.
It uses Transistors as its processors. Exhaust fan – it is commonly attached above the
Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC). heat sink.
International Business Machines (IBM) – buses - A set of circuits on the motherboard through
introduced the first commercial computers. which data is transferred from one part of the
3rd generation computers computer to another.
Dated 1964 – 1971. Basic input/output system (BIOS)
It uses Integrated Circuits as its processors. supports the computer during start – up.
Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-Dos). Universal serial bus(Usb) - It was developed to
IBM introduced the Personal Computer (PC). simplify the connection of peripheral devices to the
4th generation computers computer.
1971 up to present. Disk drive controller - It manages the transfers of
It uses Microprocessors for processing. data from a motherboard to a disk drive and vice
It is a single chip computer. versa.
5th generation computers Optical drives - It uses light produced by lasers
Present and Beyond. instead of magnetism to store data on optical disks.
It uses Artificial Intelligence as its processors. Flash drives - A small portable flash memory device
It is capable of learning and self – organization. that plugs into any computer with USB port and
Basic parts of a computer functions as a portable drive.
• MONITOR – It is used to display images Modulator/demodulator (MODEMS)
and text on the screen. A device that enables the computers digitally stored
• MOUSE – known as a pointing device. information to be transmitted over lines in the form
• KEYBOARD – The most common device of sound waves.
used to communicate with the computer. Wireless adapters - Permits a mobile user to connect
• SYSTEM UNIT – Part of the computer that to a LAN through wireless connection.
houses the primary devices that perform
operations and produce results for complex 12 Popular Types of Websites You Can Create
calculations.
Computer keyboard 1. E-commerce Website - An e-commerce website is
Navigation keys – it includes a variety of keys which a website people can directly buy products from.
move the cursor to different positions on the screen.
Numeric Keys – Symbols concerned with 2. Business Website - A business website is any
calculations are located in this group of keys. website that’s devoted to representing a specific
Alphanumeric keypad – alphabetical, numeric, and business. It should be branded like the business (the
punctuation keys can be found in this group of keys. same logo and positioning) and communicate the
Function keys – also known as the modifier keys, types of products and/or services the business offers.
this are special keys to modify the normal action of 3. Entertainment Website - If you think about your
another key. internet browsing habits, you can probably think of a
System unit few websites that you visit purely for entertainment
Part of the computer that houses the primary devices purposes.
that perform operations and produce results for
complex calculations. 4. Portfolio Website - are sites devoted to showing
Motherboard examples of past work.
It is the core of the system. It controls everything in 5. Media Website - collect news stories or other
the computer. reporting.
6. Brochure Website - are a simplified form of
business websites.
7. Nonprofit Website - is the easiest way for many
potential donors to make donations and will be the
first place many people look to learn more about a
nonprofit and determine if they want to support it.
8. Educational Website - The websites of educational
institutions and those offering online courses fall into
the category of educational websites
9. Infopreneur Website - overlap a bit with business
and ecommerce websites, but they represent a unique
type of online business. Infopreneurs create and sell
information products. That could be in the form of
courses, tutorials, videos or ebooks.
10. Personal Website - This category includes
personal blogs, vlogs, and photo diaries people share
with the world.
11. Web Portal - are often websites designed for
internal purposes at a business, organization, or
institution. They collect information in different
formats from different sources into one place to make
all relevant information accessible to the people who
need to see it. They often involve a login and
personalized views for different users that ensure the
information that’s accessible is most useful to their
particular needs.
12. Wiki or Community Forum Website - A wiki is
any website where various users are able to
collaborate on content and all make their own tweaks
and changes as they see fit. There are wikis for fan
communities, for business resources, and for
collecting valuable information sources.