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Partial Differentiation

This document discusses partial differentiation, which involves differentiating functions with more than one independent variable. It defines partial derivatives as the differentiation of a function z with respect to a single variable, such as x or y, while holding the other variables constant. Higher order partial derivatives are obtained by continuing this differentiation process. Total differentiation is defined as the total differential dz, which includes the partial derivatives with respect to each variable. Examples are provided of calculating first, second, and higher order partial derivatives as well as total differentials.

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Rose Balucon
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118 views2 pages

Partial Differentiation

This document discusses partial differentiation, which involves differentiating functions with more than one independent variable. It defines partial derivatives as the differentiation of a function z with respect to a single variable, such as x or y, while holding the other variables constant. Higher order partial derivatives are obtained by continuing this differentiation process. Total differentiation is defined as the total differential dz, which includes the partial derivatives with respect to each variable. Examples are provided of calculating first, second, and higher order partial derivatives as well as total differentials.

Uploaded by

Rose Balucon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION

This part of differential calculus is concerned with the differentiations of functions with one
independent variable.

• Partial Derivative
Let z=f(x,y) be a function of two independent variables x and y. Partial derivative
z with respect to x or y involved the process called differentiation. This is
denoted by the symbol:

𝜕z 𝜕f
, , z! , f! (x, y), f!
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥

𝜕z 𝜕f
, , z" , f" (x, y), f"
𝜕y 𝜕y

• Partial Derivatives of Higher Order

Continued differentiation of function of two (or more) variables gives rise to


#$
partial derivatives of higher order. If z=f(x,y), then #% is the first partial derivative
#$
of z with respect to x. Then the partial derivative #% with respect to x (or y) is
called the second partial derivative of z.

# #$ #! $ #! &
1. + , = #!! = #!! = z!! = f!!
#% #%
# #$ #! $ #! &
2. + , = #"#! = #"#! = z!" = f!"
#" #%
# #$ #! $ #! &
3. + , = #!#" = #!#" = z"! = f"!
#! #"
# #$ #! $ #! &
4. + , = #"! = #"! = z"" = f""
#" #"

• Total Differentiation
We define the total differential * dz of a function z=f(x,y) by

𝜕z 𝜕z
dz = dx + dy
𝜕𝑥 𝜕y
and u=f(x,y,z)

𝜕u 𝜕u 𝜕u
du = dx + dy + dz
𝜕𝑥 𝜕y 𝜕z
Examples:

#$ #$
Find #% and #"
1. z = xy + 3x ' + 4y '
"
2. z = xy Arctan !
3. 𝑧 = e!" 𝑙𝑛 𝑥𝑦

#( #( #(
Find #% , #" and #$

4. u = x ' + y ' + z '


" $ !
5. u = $ + ! + "

#! $ #! $ #! $
Find #!! , #"#! and #"!

6. z = 3x ' y ) -4x * y '


7. z = x ' sin y-y ' cos x
8. z = x ' lnxy

Find the total differential for each of the following

9. z = 3x ' + 4xy ) + y '


10. z = e'! sin 4y

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