COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

For any number expressed in base-r system wherein the For diminished radix complement:
coefficients are multiplied by powers of 10: Given:
N = number, r = base, n = no. of digit
anan-1an-2an-3 . . . . . . a2a1a0.a-1a-2a-3. . . . .a-m Then:
(r - 1)’s complement of N = (rn – 1) – N
= anrn + an-1 r n-1
+ an-2 r n-2
+ an-3 rn-3 + . . . . . . + a2r2 +
a1r1 + a0r0 For radix complement:
Given:
Example: N = number, r = base, n = no. of digit
Then:
1. For base or radix equal to 10 r’s complement of N = rn – N, if N ≠ 0
ana n-1 a n-2 a n-3 . . . . . . . a2a1a0 . a1a2a3 . . . . . . a -m (each r’s complement of N = 0, if N = 0
digit range from 0 to 9)
Laws for Boolean Algebra
n n-1 n-2
= an 10 + an-110 + an-2 10 + an-3 10 + . . . . . .+ a2 n-3 x+0=x ; x∙1=x
102 + a1 101 x + x’ = 1 ; x ∙ x’ = 0
+ a0 100 + a-110-1 + a-2 10-2 + a-3 10-3 + . . . . . .+ a-m 10-m x+x=x ; x∙x=x
x+1=1 ; x∙0=0
2. For base or radix equal to 2
anan-1 an-2 an-3. . . . . . .a2a1a0a-1a-2a-3. . . . . . .a-m (each digit Involution:
is either 0 or 1) (x’)’= x

= an 22 + an-1 2n-1 + an-3 2n-3 + . . . . . .+ a222 + a121 + a020 Commutative:

+ a-12-1 + a-2 2-2 + a-32-3 + . . . .+ a-m2-m x+y=y+x
xy = yx
Table for number of Various Bases
Associative:
DEC BIN OCT HEX x + (x + z) = (x + y) + z
0 0000 00 0 x (yz) = (xy)z
1 0001 01 1
2 0010 02 2 Distributive:
3 0011 03 3 x (y + z) = xy + xz
4 0100 04 4
x + yz = (x + y) (x + z)
5 0101 05 5
6 0110 06 6
7 0111 07 7 De Morgan:
8 1000 10 8 (x + y)’ = x’ ∙ y’
9 1001 11 9 (xy)’ = x’ + y’
10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B Absorption:
12 1100 14 C x + xy = x
13 1101 15 D x (x + y) = x
14 1110 16 E
15 1111 17 F
Operator Precedence:

Complements
For Boolean Expressions, the operator precedence is:

Two Types of Complement

1. Parentheses
Diminished Radix Complement
2. NOT (’)
or (r-1)’s complement
3. AND (·)
Radix Complement
4. OR (+)
or r’s complement

ESAS – Computer Fundamentals Problem Set 16 Page 1

COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS ESAS
Problem Set 16 REE SEPTEMBER 2020

1. Digital system usually operate in ______ systems.

A. Binary B. decimal C. octal D. hexadecimal

2. An abbreviation for a binary digit is

A. Byte B. word C. bit D. bin

3. A group of 8 bits called a

A. Byte B. word C. bit D. nibble

4. What do you call a set of four bits?

A. Nibble B. byte C. word D. tribit

5. The largest binary number that can be obtained with 16 bits in its decimal equivalent is
A. 16166 B. 16 C. 216 D. 65535

6. The number of bytes in 48K memory is

A. 50000 B. 49152 C. 48000 D. 46538

7. The highest element that a number system on base 6 can use

A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 6

8. Convert the binary number 1110101.11 to decimal

A. 117.0 B. 117.75 C. 118.0 D. 117.5

9. Convert (198)12 to decimal

A. 198 B. 200 C. 10 D. 260

10. The hexadecimal number B6C7 is equal to the decimal number

A. 4671 B. 46791 C. 49761 D. 49671

11. For the base 10 number 30, the equivalent binary number is
A. 1110 B. 0111 C. 1111 D. 11110

12. What in binary is A base 16?

A. 1110 B. 1000 C. 1010 D. 1011

13. The number 17 base 8 is equivalent to binary

A. 1110 B. 1111 C. 1110 D. 10000

14. 35 base 8 + (1011) base 2 = _________________ base 2

A. 101001 B. 101111 C. 101000 D. 101001

15. E base 16 times 4 base 8.

A. 111111 B. 111000 C. 101111 D. 100111

16. What is the octal equivalent of the hexadecimal number EE?

A. 378 B. 375 C. 356 D. 376

17. Convert Octal (3458) to the equivalent binary coded decimal (BCD)16. Select the nearest answer.
A. 1011011001 B. 001101000101 C. 001000101001 D. 11100101

18. In digital codes, how do you identify codes running from 1-10 or from 0-9?
A. Decimal B. standard base 10 C. gray D. octal

ESAS – Computer Fundamentals Problem Set 16 Page 2

 19. Octal equivalent of 73.75 base 10.
A. 145.5 B. 123.7 C. 111.6 D. 102.5

20. The binary representation 10101 corresponds to which base 10 number?

A. 8 B. 16 C. 21 D. 10,10

21. When a binary point of a binary number is moved one place to the right, what happen to its value?
A. Divides by 2 B. multiplies by 2 C. increased by 10 D. multiplies by 10

22. The division of 11000 base 2 and 100 base 2 gives _______.
A. 120 B. 108 C. 110 D. 90

23. Divide (15) base 16 by (011) base 2. Express the answer in base 10.
A. 9 B. 5 C. 7 D. 3

24. In the digital codes, how do you identify codes running from 0 to 1 or run from 0 – 7?
A. Base 10 B. octal C. binary D. gray

25. What is the value of negative decimal number (– 5) to be written as signed bit, 2’s complement form?
A. 10000 B. 11011 C. 10001 D. 10011

26. What is the equivalent 4 digit octal code 2 to graycode?

A. 1000 B. 1100 C. 0011 D. 1001

27. Determine the value of base x if (211)x = (152)8.

A. 7 B. 6 C. 5 D. 4

28. Decimal 5436 when converted to radix minus one complement will become
A. 4555 B. 4356 C. 4563 D. 4653

29. What is the radix minus one complement of (BABE) base 16?
A. 5444 B. 4541 C. 4511 D. 4561

30. What is the 7’s complement of (1234) base 8?

A. 6522 B. 6512 C. 6588 D. 6543

31. What is the true complement of (25) base 8?

A. 57 B. 55 C. 53 D. 51

32. What is the 9’s complement of 54600?

A. 45399 B. 54399 C. 36499 D. 63499

33. Find the true complement of 11100.

A. 00001 B. 00111 C. 00100 D. 01010

34. Find the 5’s complement of 32154 base 6.

A. 23401 B. 12321 C. 12323 D. 3521

35. The 10’s complement of 123900.

A. 876100 B. 001678 C. 900123 D. 987654

36. The 1’s complement of 10101110 is

A. 01010001 B. 0100101 C. 01110101 D. 000111000

37. The 2’s complement of 10000001 is

A. 00000011 B. 0100101 C. 1111111 D. 01110001

ESAS – Computer Fundamentals Problem Set 16 Page 3

 38. A logic gate is an electronic circuit which
A. Makes logic decision C. allow electron flow in one direction
B. Works on binary algebra D. alternates between 0 and 1

39. Boolean algebra is essentially based on

A. Symbols B. logic C. truth D. numbers

40. Different values in Boolean algebra can have values of

A. 0 or 1 B. high or low C. true or false D. or or off

41. According to absorptive law of Boolean algebra, expression (A + AB) is

A. A B. B C. AB D. A’

42. Simplify x’y’ + xy + x’y

A. x + y’ B. x’ + y C. x + y D. x’ + x”

43. simplify (x + y)(x + y’)

A. x + y B. y C. x + y’ D. x

44. Simplify x’y + xy’ + xyx’y’

A. 1 B. x’y C. x D. y

45. Reduce the minimum number of literals x’ + xy + xz’ + xy’z’

A. x’y’ + xz B. x + y C. x D. x’ + y + z’

46. Reduce xy + x’y’x’ + x’yz’

A. x B. xz + x’y’ C. x’z’ + xy D. y’

47. Reduce F(x, y, z) = (0,1,5,7) to its minimum number of literals

A. X’y’ = xz B. xy + x’z C. y D. x

48. Reduce F(x, y, z) = (1,2,3,6,7) to its minimum number of literals

A. x’ = y’ B. x’z’ + y’ C. x’z + y D. y’

49. The NOT symbol at the output of an OR converts it into what?

A. AND B. NOR C. NAND D. NOPE

50. A 3 input AND gate followed by a NOT gate has three inputs X = ON, Y = OFF and Z  ON. It output would be
A. ON B. OFF C. don’t know D. don’t care

51. In the logic circuit, what is the output of an XOR circuit, when inputs A and B is 0, 1 respectively when f = A (+)
B.
A. 00 B. 1 C. 11 D. 0

52. In a logic circuit with input A & B in an OR gate. If A = 0 and B = 1. What is f?

[f = A + B]
A. 0 B. 01 C. 1 D. 10

53. The binary coding scheme most commonly used in microcomputers is ________.
A. Binary code B. EBCDIC C. Baudot code D. ASCII

54. ASCII means?

A. American Standard Code for Information Input
B. American Standard Code for Input Information
C. American Standard Capacity for information Input

ESAS – Computer Fundamentals Problem Set 16 Page 4

 D. American Standard Code for Information Interchange
55. What is the standard method for coding data on 80-column, 12-row card?
A. ASCII B. EBCDIC Code C. Hollerith Code D. Baudot Code
56. Octal coding involves grouping the bits in _______?
A. 6’s B. 9’s C. 1’s D. 3’s
57. A _______ is a group of bits, that may be manipulated or stored at one time by the CPU.
A. Program B. address C. word D. software
58. A _______ is a programmable, multi-use machine that accepts data-raw facts and figures and processes, or
manipulates it into information we can use, such as summaries or totals
A. Cash Registration B. Calculator C. Adding Machine D. Computer
59. ______ are round pieces of flat plastic that store data and program as magnetized spots.
A. Hard disk B. Floppy disk C. Compact disk D. CD ROM
60. ________ is a secondary storage medium, generally non-removable disk made out of metal and covered with a
magnetic recording surface. It holds data in the form of magnetized spots and are usually built into the computer
system cabinet.
A. Hard disk B. Floppy disk C. Compact disk D. CD ROM
61. On personal computers the data storage device with the largest capacity is most likely to be
A. Hard disk C. Random Access Memory
B. 3 ½’ DD Diskette D. 3 ½’ HD diskette
62. What does ALU means?
A. Part of nand C. part of power supply
B. Part of chip D. part of CPU where data is manipulated
63. Resides in the main memory while the computer is on and directs after application.
A. Files B. Storage C. Supervisor D. Options
64. What allow choosing command from menu?
A. Files B. DIR C. Storage D. Menu Driven Interface
65. A ______ is a list of instructions that the computer must follow in order to process data into information.
A. Program B. Pseudocode C. Flowchart D. File
66. A non-impact printer that forms images with using little dots to produce high quality image.
A. Ink-jet printer B. Dot-matrix printer C. card printer D. computer printer
67. _______ is a process of using microcomputer, mouse scanner, laser printer that combines highly digital text and
images to produce a quality output.
A. CAM B. Desktop Publishing C. CAD D. CAE
68. A network that allows users to have fast and flexible access to large information and documents.
A. Internet B. e-mail C. hypertext D. hyperlink
69. Network computer has three roles. Which one of this?
A. Hard disk B. Fax modem C. Peers D. Plotters
70. A network of networks where the people can retrieve information, communicate, entertain, do remote purchasing
from the comfort of a personal computer is called
A. Internet B. e-mail C. fax D. home tv shopping
71. A ______ is one in which all microcomputers and other communication devices are connected to a central hub,
such a file server or host computer.
A. Star Network B. Ring Network C. Bus Network D. Hybrid network
72. A ______ is one in which all microcomputers and other communication devices are connected in a continuous
loop.
A. Star Network B. Ring Network C. Bus Network D. Hybrid Network
73. A parity bit is also called ______ which is used to check the accuracy.
A. Check bit B. RAM C. silicon type D. driver
74. A two-way parallel path which connects the processor and memory containing addresses.
A. Cache memory B. control bus C. address bus D. buffer
75. Which of the following is the fastest method to transfer data?
A. 802.11 B. Bluetooth C. gprs D. standard infrared

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