Abra High School Subject: Disaster Risk Reduction

Bangued, Abra Quarter: 3

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Week: 6
Source: SLM Division of Manila and La Union

Learning Competency and Code:

1. Identify various potential earthquake hazards DRR11/12-If-g-17
2. Recognize natural signs of an impending tsunami; DRR11/12-If-g-18
3. Analyze he effects of the different earthquake hazards DRR11/12-If-g-19

Lesson 1: EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS

Presentation and Discussion:

Earthquake hazard is one of the most terrible natural disasters for it can cause
huge damage to life and property. Some earthquakes are weak in nature and perhaps
go undetected and in comparison, some earthquake major and violent. Most
importantly the occurrence of an earthquake is very unpredictable and this is what
makes it dangerous. Earthquake as a terrible disaster comes to different effects on the
geographical condition of the land, and it also comes from a different type with different
degree of strength which may cause other forms of disaster such as fire, tsunami and
other. We can conclude that an earthquake is great and terrifying occurrence in our
world and it can show the defenselessness of humans against nature. It is an
occurrence that can shock everyone. Exceedingly, earthquake can only last for a few
seconds but it can cause unimaginable mage.

Earthquakes occur within the Philippine Archipelago every now and then mainly
because the country is situated along two major tectonic plates of the world –the
PACIFIC PLATES and the EURASIAN PLATES.

1
Abra High School Subject: Disaster Risk Reduction
Bangued, Abra Quarter: 3
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Week: 6
Source: SLM Division of Manila and La Union

2
Abra High School Subject: Disaster Risk Reduction
Bangued, Abra Quarter: 3
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Week: 6
Source: SLM Division of Manila and La Union

Potential Earthquake hazards include any physical phenomenon associated

with an earthquake that may produce adverse effects on human activities. While they
are often used as synonyms, it is useful to distinguish between "hazards" and "risk".
Hazards are the natural phenomena that might impact a region, regardless of whether
there is anyone around to experience them or not. Risk refers to what we stand to lose
when the hazard occurs; it is what we have built that's threatened. Risk can usually be
measured in dollars or fatalities. Hazard is generally measured in more physical units:
energy, shaking strength, depth of water inundation, etc.
Primary earthquake hazards are:
• ground shaking
• landslides
• liquefaction
• surface rupture
Secondary earthquake hazards are those that are caused by the primary
hazards, and may often be more catastrophic:
• tsunami

3
Abra High School Subject: Disaster Risk Reduction
Bangued, Abra Quarter: 3
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Week: 6
Source: SLM Division of Manila and La Union

• seiche
• flooding
• fire
1. Ground Shaking

If an earthquake generates a large enough shaking intensity, structures like buildings,

bridges and dams can be severely damaged, and cliffs and sloping ground
destabilized. Perched or stacked objects may fall and injure or bury anyone close by.
In the largest earthquakes whole districts can be devastated by the multiple
consequences of ground shaking.
Ground shaking will vary over an area due to such factors as topography, bedrock
type, and the location and orientation of the fault rupture. These all affect the way the
seismic waves travel through the ground.

Hyat Hotel, Baguio City

2. Ground Rapture - Deformation on the ground that marks the interaction of the
fault with the earth’s surface

4
Abra High School Subject: Disaster Risk Reduction
Bangued, Abra Quarter: 3
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Week: 6
Source: SLM Division of Manila and La Union

3. Liquefaction is the mixing of sand or

soil and groundwater (water
underground) during the shaking of a
moderate or strong earthquake. When
the water and soil are mixed, the ground
becomes very soft and acts similar to
quicksand. If liquefaction occurs under a
building, it may start to lean, tip over, or
sink several feet. The ground firms up
again after the earthquake has past and
the water has settled back down to its
usual place deeper in the ground.
Liquefaction is a hazard in areas that
have groundwater near the surface and
sandy soil

4. Earthquake-Induced Landslide - Downslope movement of rocks, soil and other

debris commonly triggered by
strong shaking

5. Tsunami

. Tsunamis can also cause a

great deal of damage. A
tsunami is what most people
call a tidal wave, but it has
nothing to do with the tides
on the ocean. It is a huge
wave caused by an
earthquake under the ocean.
Tsunamis can be tens of feet
high when they hit the shore

5
 Abra High School Subject: Disaster Risk Reduction
Bangued, Abra Quarter: 3
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Week: 6
Source: SLM Division of Manila and La Union

and can-do enormous damage to the coastline. It is a series of waves caused

commonly by an earthquake under the sea.

➢ Seiches are like small tsunamis. They occur on lakes that are shaken by
the earthquake and are usually only a few feet high, but they can still flood or knock
down houses, and tip over trees

Activity 1: SHAKE IT UP!

What happens to a filled land when an earthquake shakes it up? Try this simple
experiment to see.
Follow the procedures stated below, and during the activity you are required to record
the experiment for 1 minute and upload the video to the designated GROUP PAGE as
per instruction of your teacher.
Note: Record steps 1 – 4 highlighting the important details or findings during the
procedure so as to keep track with the requirement of 1 full minute video only. (100
points)

Materials:
• Metal or heavy plastic pan—full-sized loaf pans work fine
• l Sand
• l Water
• l A smooth brick
• l A rubber mallet or any wood that can be used to apply force
Procedure:
1. Fill the pan with sand: the deeper the better.
2. Put the pan on a table. Then pour in water to just below the surface of
the sand.
3. Wiggle the skinny end of the brick down into the wet sand so it stands up
like a building would.
4. Now, very gently, repeatedly tap the side of the pan with a mallet and
notice what happens to the sand and the brick.
Q1. What did you observe that happens in the Activity when you simulate an
Earthquake by lightly tapping the pan?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Q2. What happened to the positioned smooth brick in the pan when you
repeatedly tap the pan using a rubber mallet?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Q3. Why does this happen?

6
Abra High School Subject: Disaster Risk Reduction
Bangued, Abra Quarter: 3
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Week: 6
Source: SLM Division of Manila and La Union

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Picture Analysis: From the given picture, identify what type of Earthquake hazard is
being shown.

1.____________________________ 2.____________________________

3.____________________________ 4.__________________________

5.___________________________ 6.____________________________

7
Abra High School Subject: Disaster Risk Reduction
Bangued, Abra Quarter: 3
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Week: 6
Source: SLM Division of Manila and La Union

Post Assessment Test:

Directions: Read and analyze each question before you answer. Write the letter of
the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper for your answer.
1. Which is NOT included in the group?
A. Ground Shaking C. Liquefaction
B. Ground Rapture D. Quicksand
2. The event that took place in the Philippines during the early 90’s that causes billions
of damages and took thousands of lives?
A. 1990 earthquake C. 1992 earthquake
B. 1991 earthquake D. 1993 earthquake
3. It is the average record of earthquake per day according to Philvolcs?
A. 19 earthquake/ day C. 21 earthquake/ day
B. 20 earthquake/ day D. 22 earthquake/ day
4. How are earthquake being generated?
A. it is caused by volume of people walking in the ground everyday
B. it is caused by the volume of land vehicles traveling everyday
C. it is caused by a sudden slippage along the fault line
D. it is caused by the movement of the rocks underground
5. What causes harm to people during ground shaking?
A. there is no proper training in terms of safety and precaution
B. the absence of medical personnel during earthquake
C. the absence of signs and billboards indicating safety procedures
D. collapse of building due to the inferior designs, lack of foundation and
weak construction
6. It is the deformation of the ground that marks the interaction of the fault with the
earth’s crust
A. Ground Shaking C. Liquefaction
B. Ground Rapture D. Quicksand
7. The effect of this hazard is due to the fissuring and, displacement of the ground due
to the movement of the fault
A. Ground Shaking C. Liquefaction
B. Ground Rapture D. Quicksand19
8. It is the disruptive up and down and sideways vibration of the ground during an
earthquake.
A. Ground Shaking C. Liquefaction
B. Ground Rapture D. Quicksand
9. The effect of this earthquake hazard is erosion; burial and blockage of roads and
rivers?
A. Ground Shaking C. Liquefaction
B. Ground Rapture D. Earthquake-induced
10. This is the series of waves caused by an earthquake under the sea?
A. Ground Shaking C. Liquefaction

8
Abra High School Subject: Disaster Risk Reduction
Bangued, Abra Quarter: 3
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Week: 6
Source: SLM Division of Manila and La Union

B. Ground Rapture D. Tsunami

LESSON 2: Tsunami Hazards

Tsunami is a phenomenon where a series of strong waves that are responsible
for the surge in water sometimes reach the heights in many meters. This is a natural
disaster that is caused due to the volcano eruption in the ocean beds. Also, a
phenomenon like landslides and earthquakes contributes to reasons for a tsunami.
Like other natural disasters, the impact of the tsunami is also huge. It has been seen
throughout history how disastrous the tsunami is. The essay on tsunami talks about
various factors that contribute to the tsunami and the damage it causes to mankind.
Also, the term tsunami is
associated with tidal waves.
Thus, a tsunami is also
called as the series of ocean waves
that have a very long wavelength.
Because of the tsunami, there are
strong waves of water is formed
and this moves landwards. So, this
causes inland movement of water
which is very high and lasts for a
long time. Thus, the impact of these
waves is also very high. The
highest ever recorded tsunami was
on 9th July 1958 in the record books. It took place in a bay which was located in the
ligula bay along the coasts of Alaska. After the quake, a massive mass of rock fell into
the bay waters from the cliff nearby. Thus, this created an impact and produced a wave
that reached a height of 524 meters.
Also, this is regarded as one of the highest recorded tsunami waves ever. The
destructive waves responsible for the occurrence of tsunami are also produced in
waters of bays or lakes. As this water approached the coast, it grows larger. However,
the size of this wave is very low in deep-sea areas. Tsunami waves that are generated
in the lakes or bays do not travel for a long distance. Thus, they are not as destructive
as the ones produced in the ocean waters. There are various directions in which
tsunami can travel from the main point. One similar devastating tsunami was
experienced in India in 2004. However, the origin of this tsunami was located near
Indonesia. Because of the tsunami, it was expected that a total of 200, 000 people lost
their lives. The waves traveled extensively thousands of kilometers in countries like
Thailand, India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and the Maldives.

9
Abra High School Subject: Disaster Risk Reduction
Bangued, Abra Quarter: 3
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Week: 6
Source: SLM Division of Manila and La Union

Tsunami effect in India (December 2004)

10
Abra High School Subject: Disaster Risk Reduction
Bangued, Abra Quarter: 3
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Week: 6
Source: SLM Division of Manila and La Union

11
Abra High School Subject: Disaster Risk Reduction
Bangued, Abra Quarter: 3
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Week: 6
Source: SLM Division of Manila and La Union

12
Abra High School Subject: Disaster Risk Reduction
Bangued, Abra Quarter: 3
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Week: 6
Source: SLM Division of Manila and La Union

NOTE: For Furthere discussion on Tsunami, please refer to the uploaded supplemental videos on
our official FB CLOSE GROUP PAGE.

ACTIVITY 1: Answer Me Please.

Enrichment Activity: Choose the correct answer and write the letter of your answer
in a separate sheet of paper.
Q1. What is a tsunami?
a. a large storm with very high-speed winds
b. a tropical cyclone that occurs in the Pacific Ocean
c. a large and powerful ocean wave
d. any earthquake that causes significant damage
Q2. What natural event can cause tsunami?

13
Abra High School Subject: Disaster Risk Reduction
Bangued, Abra Quarter: 3
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Week: 6
Source: SLM Division of Manila and La Union

a. earthquake c. volcanic eruption

b. landslide d. all of the above
Q3. How far can a tsunami travel?
a. less than 1 mile c. 100 miles
b.10 miles d. 500 miles
Q4. Tsunamis move very slow, typically around 10 miles per hour?
a. TRUE b. FALSE
Q5. Where do most tsunamis in the world occur?
a. Great Lakes c. Arctic Ocean
b. Atlantic Ocean d. Pacific Ocean
Q6. Tsunamis are caused by __________________
a. wind traveling over the surface of the ocean
b. the rotation of the earth
c. the gravitational pull of the moon
d. large displacement of water
Q7. Although tsunamis are sometimes called tidal waves, they have nothing to do with
the ocean’s tides.
a. True b. False
Q8. Most tsunamis are caused by what natural event?
a. earthquake c. volcanic eruption
b. landslide d. glacier breaking of into the ocean
Q9. What do we call a series of waves generated by a tsunami?
a. tides c. wave town
b. wave train d. wave farm
Q10. Tsunami can occur in any major body of water?
a. True b. false
POST TEST
Directions: Read and analyze the items below before answering. Use the activity
sheet provided for your answer. Write only the letter of your best answer for each item.
1. A tsunami is a series of giant waves generated by:
a. High winds c. large disturbance on the ocean floor
b. Stronger than normal tides d. Storms
2. What does the word tsunami mean?
a. Big wave c. Harbor wave
b. Earthquake wave d. Tidal wave
3. What do tsunami look like in the open sea?
a. Hardly noticeable waves c. huge cresting waves
b. Small cresting waves d. huge non‐cresting waves
4. How far apart can the waves of a tsunami be?
a. There is only one wave c. Only a few minutes
b. Only a few seconds d. Up to an hour

14
Abra High School Subject: Disaster Risk Reduction
Bangued, Abra Quarter: 3
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Week: 6
Source: SLM Division of Manila and La Union

5. Tsunami can occur:

a. Only in the morning c. Any time of the day or night
b. Only in the evening d. Only in the summer months
6. Tsunamis are known for their capacity to:
a. Violently flood coastlines c. Cause injury and loss of life
b. Cause devastating property damage d. All of the above
7. In what year did the Boxing Day tsunami occur in the Indian Ocean?
a. 1999 b. 2004 c. 2010 d. 2007
8. Which of the following events do not cause a tsunami?
a. Underwater or coastal earthquake c. underwater volcanic eruptions
b. Large coastal cliff or lakeside landslides d. a plane crash into the ocean.
9. Which island in Western Samoa suffered the most damage when the tsunami struck
on 29 September 2009?
a. Apia b. Upolu c. Savaii d. Stewart Island
10. Which statement below is not true?
a. Tsunami waves are different from ordinary waves that you see at the beach.
b. Tsunami waves have a lot of energy and travel much further than ordinary
waves.
c. Small tsunami waves are not dangerous
d. Not all earthquakes will generate a tsunami
11. If the seafloor is suddenly displaced upward, then what happens to the sea
surface?
a. It will subside c. It will momentarily rise
b. It will remain unchanged d. Nothing happens
12. During a tsunami a series of waves radiating outward from a central disturbance
of the sea floor is called a
a. Ocean storm d. Wavelets
b. Wind-generated disturbance e. None of the above
c. Wave train
13. Just prior to a tsunami coming ashore, sea level appears to fall quickly. This
phenomenon is called______________
a. Sea level drop d. Dip in sea level
b. Draw fall e. None of the above
c. Drawdown
14. What is the large ocean wave created by an earthquake or volcanic eruption within
the sea bed?
a. Aftershock c. Flood
b. Liquefaction d. Tsunami
15. How far apart can the waves of a tsunami be?
a. There is only one wave c. Only a few minutes
b. Only a few seconds d. Up to an hour

15
Abra High School Subject: Disaster Risk Reduction
Bangued, Abra Quarter: 3
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Week: 6
Source: SLM Division of Manila and La Union

LESSON 3: Effects of the different earthquake hazards

Earth’s major earthquakes occur mainly in belts coinciding with the margins of
tectonic plates. This has long been apparent from early catalogs of felt earthquakes
and is even more readily discernible in modern seismicity maps, which show
instrumentally determined epicenters. The most important earthquake belt is the
Circum-Pacific Belt, which affects many populated coastal regions around the Pacific
Ocean—for example, those of New Zealand, New Guinea, Japan, the Aleutian Islands,
Alaska, and the western coasts of North and South America. It is estimated that 80
percent of the energy presently released in earthquakes comes from those whose
epicenters are in this belt. The seismic activity is by no means uniform throughout the
belt, and there are a number of branches at various points. Because at many places
the Circum-Pacific Belt is associated with volcanic activity, it has been popularly
dubbed the “Pacific Ring of Fire.” Effects of the different earthquake hazards

Enrichment Activity:
Choose 1 among the earthquake hazards and create your own artwork that
represents the idea being described. Make your output presentable and use the rubric

16
Abra High School Subject: Disaster Risk Reduction
Bangued, Abra Quarter: 3
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Week: 6
Source: SLM Division of Manila and La Union

provided as your basis in making your artwork. Use a separate sheet for your output.
Put a brief explanation of your output.
Rubrics for the output

Performance Test:
The learners develop a family emergency preparedness plan to guide them on what to
do before, during, and after an earthquake

Directions: Fill in the Conceptual Map below.

Before Earthquake

During Earthquake

After an Earthquake

17