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An Abstract / A Summary / An Annotation Is The Expression (Reproduction, Representation) in A Condensed

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Дима Москалюк
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10 views1 page

An Abstract / A Summary / An Annotation Is The Expression (Reproduction, Representation) in A Condensed

Uploaded by

Дима Москалюк
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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An abstract / a summary / an annotation is the expression (reproduction, representation) in a condensed

form of the content of any piece of scientific writing in a limited number of sentences. The student must briefly
formulate the main ideas in his own words excluding and omitting the unnecessary details. Facts must become
plain statements. An abstract consists of a) an introduction, i. e., data (the printed source, the author's name, the
title); b) principal part; c) conclusion. Writing an abstract you must:

a) Give your abstract a suitable title;

b) Begin the abstract with the introductory general phrase:


The text deals with...
The text presents, shows, points out, throws
light on …
The text discusses, describes, relates, gives
some comments of …
The text sketches, reviews, surveys…
The text traces the history of, outlines the
development of …

c) The principle part must not exceed 5-6 plain statements generalizing the main ideas of the text in a logical
sequence:
The text gives figures (facts, data, diagrams,
pictures, examples) illustrating smth…
The text contains the description
(information, examination, investigation) of
some process (properties, problems)
concerning smth…
The text describes methods of / types (of
programs) / features (of software)
The main idea of the text is…
In my opinion… It should be mentioned…

d) Conclude the abstract with your personal viewpoint (opinion, judgement, critical comments, etc.) of both the
content and the language of the text, using the given phrases:
The meaning of the unfamiliar words can
(not) be grasped from the context ...
The information is up-to-date (out-of-date)...
The reading of the text (does not) gives some
satisfaction and pleasure ...
In conclusion…To sum up…

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