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    Internet of Medical Things (Iomt) Enabled Telecovid System For Diagnosis of Covid-19 Patients

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    Internet of Medical Things (Iomt) Enabled Telecovid System For Diagnosis of Covid-19 Patients

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    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

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    Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) Enabled TeleCOVID System for Diagnosis of


    COVID-19 Patients

    Chapter · October 2021


    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-3227-3_14

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    Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)
    Enabled TeleCOVID System
    for Diagnosis of COVID-19 Patients

    H. M. K. K. M. B. Herath, G. M. K. B. Karunasena,
    B. G. D. A. Madhusanka, and H. D. N. S. Priyankara

    Abstract The emerging global threat of the COVID-19 pandemic has crossed
    provincial, radical, philosophical, spiritual, social, and educational boundaries. The
    Internet of Things (IoT) is a well-developed scheme of integrated computational
    tactics, digital and mechanical machines capable of distributing data over a defined
    network without any human intervention at any stage. Since pandemic has spread
    worldwide, limited healthcare facilities may lead to a shortage of diagnoses of
    patients. Moreover, most positive cases of COVID-19 are quarantined in the home,
    which triggers a lack of diagnosis of patients from home. This chapter aims to
    develop a TeleCOVID diagnostic system for monitoring COVID-19 patients with
    body temperature, oxygen saturation level, heart rate, throat, and patient’s behaviour.
    A web platform was developed to monitor the patient’s symptoms, and a smartphone
    application was developed and used to detect the patient’s activities. The accuracy
    of the activity detection system was reached 81.82% at 0.82 precision. The overall
    system showed promising results for several test trials.

    Keywords COVID-19 · Global pandemic · Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) ·


    Real-time monitoring · Smart healthcare · TeleCOVID

    1 Introduction

    Coronavirus disease 2019, also known as COVID-19, is an acute respiratory disease


    that originated in Wuhan, China. In December 2019, COVID-19, caused by Severe
    Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2, was initially identified.
    SARS-CoV-2 is a new strain virus that is part of the coronavirus family and the Sarbe-
    covirus subgenus (beta-CoV lineage B) [1–3], distinct from Severe Acute Respiratory
    Syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV). In
    China, the prevalence of COVID-19 has risen significantly and, since late February
    2020, the virus has spread exponentially to more than 200 countries across the world.

    H. M. K. K. M. B. Herath (B) · G. M. K. B. Karunasena · B. G. D. A. Madhusanka ·


    H. D. N. S. Priyankara
    Faculty of Engineering Technology, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
    e-mail: [email protected]

    © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 253
    R. Agrawal et al. (eds.), Sustainability Measures for COVID-19 Pandemic,
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3227-3_14
    254 H. M. K. K. M. B. Herath et al.

    Fig. 1 COVID-19 global death and recovered cases as of 31st December, 2020

    The World Health Organization (WHO) states that, as of December 2020, more than
    75.5 million confirmed cases (Fig. 1) of COVID-19 had been reported [4] worldwide.
    Moreover, the WHO reported that approximately 1.67 million infected people have
    died with a 2.21% global death-to-cases ratio.
    The latest coronavirus primarily spreads by respiratory gout, overt or indirect
    contact, and aerosol. A variety of reports have found that human-to-human transmis-
    sion of a modern coronavirus happened in households, clinics, or towns. Recently,
    remote health monitoring has been encouraged owing to the recent COVID-19
    pandemic. Telehealth [5] is the offering of medical facilities through healthcare
    professionals by the usage of ICTs for the sharing of reliable and precise data where
    the major element is the distance [6]. Most households have at least one wireless
    device, such as smartphones and webcams that allow patient’s accessibility and
    healthcare providers to extend mobile device growth [7]. The sensors and sensor
    network can capture several biomedical signals including ECG and pulse. The use of
    smartphones as a network portal to capture, process sensor signals, and store them
    on related medical repositories [8] or data processing facilities is an advantage of the
    traditional remote medical tracking approach [9, 10].
    In recent decades, mobile computing and networking have been essential to smart-
    phones or tablet computers throughout our daily lives. Along with the advent of
    multiple advanced sensor technologies, smartphones have enhanced functionality
    and innovations that soon are projected to revitalize several social and economic
    fields. Social networking, environmental regulation, oversight, healthcare, and logis-
    tics are also part of this. Several sensor systems, including accelerometers, light
    sensors, GPS modules, microphones, optical compasses, gyroscopes, and cameras
    have been mounted in modern intelligent devices. Wi-Fi, 3G, 4G, 5G, Bluetooth,
    and other communication protocols are integrated for networking and knowledge
    Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) Enabled … 255

    exchange. In recent years, research on smartphone-based healthcare systems [11]


    has attracted greater interest, and various applications have been developed.
    Many integrated wearable sensing systems are composed of the Body Area
    Network (BAN) to gather various biomedical data [12], such as heartbeat, brain
    activity, patient’s blood pressure, and body temperature. COVID-19 is correlated
    with many physiological changes and other viral diseases, which can be tracked using
    wearable sensors. Via numerous networking protocols, including ZigBee, Bluetooth,
    and Wi-Fi, such sensor nodes are interconnected. However, sensor nodes are mostly
    equipped with minimal memory and computational power, so sensor data is usually
    sent to another processing server where cell phones are often used [10]. Table 1 shows
    the data utilized from sensors, mobile devices, and medical records for building the
    Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) designs.
    Since COVID-19 waves have caused harm to civilization and people’s wellbeing,
    there is a strong need for a Telehealth support system. Cities like Singapore and Seoul
    are spending more money to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic on remote health
    monitoring systems. According to the WHO, 25% of responding countries were
    reported that there had been an evaluation of a government-sponsored Telehealth

    Table 1 Health parameters gathered from sensors, smart devices, and medical records
    Resource Parameter Description
    Sensors [13] Blood sugar Measure blood glucose (mg/dL)
    Temperature Measure body temperature (°C)
    Pressure Measure systolic and diastolic blood pressure
    (mmHg)
    Oxygen saturation SpO2 consumption (mmHg)
    Heart rate Measure heart rate (bpm)
    ECG Measure electrocardiography (ECG) wave
    behaviour
    EEG Measure electroencephalography (EEG) wave
    behaviour
    Smartphone [13] Age Age of the patient in days
    Height Height of the patient (cm)
    BMI Body mass index (BMI) of the patient (kg/m−2 )
    Gender Gender of the patient (male/female)
    Medical records [13] Smoking Smoking history
    Drinking Drinking history
    Cholesterol From a blood test of the patient
    Diseases Diseases history of the patient
    Blood sugar Blood testing history of the patient
    Virus EVD, SARS, MERS, COVID-19 etc.
    Haemoglobin Glycated haemoglobin (A1c) of the patient (%)

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