MODULE 2 Phases and Process of Curriculum Development

Learning Activities/Exercises 1:

The K to 12 Curriculum: What Design? Get hold of materials about the K to 12and answer
the following:

1. What kind of curriculum design influence mostly the K to 12 Curriculum? (A)

Subject- Centered? (B) Learner-Centered? (C) Problem-Centered?

As we can see today, student-centered design also affects the K-12 curriculum,
which puts the learner at the heart of the teaching and learning process. This is very useful
because I think the teaching and learning approach is very successful if the learners can
work on their own to explore and understand more and only if they are put on the stage.

2. Cite illustrative example that relates to your choice.

In comparison to school policies or curriculum objects, for instance, this design focuses on
planning, often starting with the student in mind. Well accomplished, several of the most intimidating
elements of academia can be neutralized, whilst at the same time that the distance between students
and understanding. Put another way, teaching that is 'conscious' of students and their needs above all
else is learning-centered teaching. It places students at the forefront of the process of learning.
3. Place your answer on a matrix like the one below.
Type of Curriculum Design in K to 12 Illustrative Example

Subject-Centered Design/Approach A model in which the curriculum is divided into

subject areas and cross-curricular learning is
not quite flexible. Emphasis focuses on the
acquisition, memorization and interpretation of
each unique area of content. There is a clear
emphasis on instruction, teacher-to-student
explanation, and direct methods within this
curriculum structure. Direct approaches include
lectures, questions and answers, as well as
conversations between teachers and students.
Learner-Centered Design/Approach Learner-centered originally referred to forms of
education that for example, include opportunities
for students to conduct learning activities,
participate in discussions more actively,
organize their own learning projects, discuss
topics of interest to them
and generally contribute to the design of their
own course of study.
Problem-Centered Design/Approach This fact implies that because of the interests,
expectations and abilities of the learners, a learner
should be equipped to solve real life problems
that arise. Many school activities revolve
around solutions to issues such as poverty, drug
problems, lack of positive ideals, environmental
concerns, and
much more.
Learning Activities/Exercises 2:
Identify the kind of design and approach that are utilized in the following descriptions?
Follow the table below for your answers.
1. Only students who master the subject content can succeed.
2. Students are encouraged to work together to find answers to their task.
3. No learner is left behind in reading, writing and arithmetic.
4. School means survival of the fittest.
5. Teacher extends class because the children have not mastered the lesson.
6. Lesson deals with finding solution to everyday problem.
7. Differentiated instruction for different ability groups.
8. Accumulation of knowledge is the primary importance in teaching.
9. Learning how to learn is observable among students.
10. Students are problem-finder and solution-giver
Items Curriculum Designs Approaches
1. Subject-Centered Subject-Centered
2. Problem-Centered Problem-Centered
3. Subject-Centered Subject-Centered
4. Problem-Centered Problem-Centered
5. Learner-Centered Learner-Centered
6. Problem-Centered Problem-Centered
7. Learner-Centered Learner-Centered
8. Subject-Centered Subject-Centered
9. Learner-Centered Learner-Centered
10. Problem-Centered Problem-Centered

Assignment1.
Choose one statement and reflect on it. What do you think and feel about it.
Statement No. 1-"School that approach the curriculum as subject -centered, make robots
out of the students.”
Statement No. 2-"In schools where child-centeredness is the approach, discipline is weak."
Statement No. 3-"Students are too young to solve life's problem, why should they do
problem solving in school."

The statement that caught my attention with the above statements is the third one:
"Students are too young to solve the problem of life, why should they solve problems in
school." Based on my own point of view, because schools are places where you have made
your child ready for their future, I cannot agree with the statement. The future holds a lot of
truth, which ensures that they will be subjected to circumstances where they can make a
wise decision and how will they do this if, first of all, you restrict the school's capacity to
nurture learners to solve real life problems? So we just need to get them ready in the near
future to meet their challenges with their true ability.

Personal Reflection 1:
What are some of the most interesting discoveries that I have gathered as I was studying
the lesson? \

Some of the most insightful findings I've come up with while learning the lesson are first, it's
really important to have a curriculum template in order to determine the teaching goals and
objectives. One is that as a learner, you will need to be mindful of the direction of your
learning process so that you can be directed to classroom lessons. Finally, in order for the
teaching and learning process to be successful, it must cater for the most critical lessons
required by the students and, it would take care of the most important lessons that students
need to understand in order to learn the subject.
 Lesson 2 Curriculum Mapping
Learning Activity 1/ Exercise 11:
Using the Sample A1 for Science Curriculum Map, what knowledge and understanding
have you learned? Analyze the matrix and answer the questions that follow:
1.1 What are the main clusters of science content that students should learn from Grade 3
to 10?

The main clusters of science content that students should learn from Grade 3 to 10 are the
different topics in the field of science namely; Matter, Force, Motion and Energy, Living
things and their Environment and Earth and Space.
1.2 How does science content progress from Grade 3 to Grade 10?

The science content from the sample curriculum map progresses from Grade 3 to 10
following an order per quarter. As we can observe, from Grades 3-7, each quarter have the
same topic. For example, the science content in the first quarter from Grades 3-7, is all
about matter and then the next quarter will have another science content. While from
Grades 8-10, each quarter have different science contents. For example, In the first quarter
of the 8th Grade, they will take on Force, Motion and Energy, while in the 9 th Grade, they will
take Living things and their Environment which is unlike the science content from Grades 3-
7 that has same science content per quarter.
1.3 When you look at and analyze the map, what summary ideas can you give?
As I observe the map, therefore I conclude that the map presents the different science
contents that should be taught from the presented Grades. It also shows how these
contents are being delivered each quarter and in different levels.
1.4 Science Curriculum is spiral. How do you explain that in terms of what you see in
the map?
Based on what I have seen in the map, learners are being exposed into different topics in
different levels per quarter. It is spiral in the sense that the science contents or the key
concepts are being presented repeatedly throughout the curriculum. Furthermore, this spiral
curriculum enables the learner to master the key concepts because it is taught in every
grade.
2. Using the Sample B, analyze and answer the following questions briefly.
2.1 What is the meaning of Practiced with a green background for subject
Teaching Profession and PO1-Apply basic and higher 21stcentury skills?
The meaning of Practiced with a green background for the subject Teaching Profession
and PO1- Apply basic and higher 21st century skills is that in my own perspective based on
what I have seen in the map, I think it has something to do with the teachers or the
facilitators of learning to put their attention in achieving the learning outcomes which is
knowledge, skills and values, I think this can be done by applying basic and higher 21st
century skills.
2.2 What is your interpretation of the colored cell with Learned that cross between
subject Social Dimensions and PO5 -Facilitate learning of different types of learners in
diverse learning environment?
My interpretation of the colored cell with Learned that cross between Social Dimensions and
PO5- Facilitate learning of different types of learners in diverse learning environment is that
in the field of social dimensions, I think they are interconnected with this topic because as
you can notice, it talks about how to facilitate learning in a diverse learning environment with
different types of learners which has something to do with the field of social dimension.
2.3 What does the colored Opportunity in the cell of the subject Curriculum
Development that crosses with the PO6-Direct experiences in the field and classroom
(observation, teaching, assistance, practice teaching)?
The colored Opportunity in the cell of the subject Curriculum Development that crosses with
the PO6-Direct experiences in the field and classroom (observation, teaching, assistance,
practice teaching) with my own perspective means that the subject curriculum development
is being interconnected to the concept of the direct experiences in the field and in the
classroom. This is because curriculum development has something to do with observation
in the teaching process, and the teacher should look upon into this area in order to achieve
the learning outcomes.
Learning Activity 1/Exercises 2:
Make a wise decision. Show me that you understood the lesson. Know the difference
between YES and NO answer to each of the question.
1. Does curriculum mapping help a teacher understand what to accomplish within the
period of time?

YES, curriculum mapping really help a teacher to understand what to accomplish within a
period of time because this serves as guide in achieving the possible learning outcomes.
2. Is a curriculum map a permanent document?

YES, because this map will serve as a hand tool for the teachers in integrating the key
concepts in the teaching and learning process.
3. Can a curriculum map help explain to parents what their children are learning in school?

YES, for this curriculum map will help in assessing the parents how far the learning potential
of their child is.
4. Is curriculum mapping a task of only one teacher?

NO, this curriculum mapping should be done with all teachers in all subjects to make the
teaching and learning process effective.
5. Can a curriculum map as a tool be used in instructional supervision?

YES, a curriculum map can be used as a tool for instructional supervision for it sets up all
the key concepts within a field in a classroom discussion.
Assignment:
Reflect on the process of curriculum mapping and the sample curriculum map in this
lesson. As a future teacher, how will the process of mapping and the map as a tool help you
in your profession?
As a future teacher, the process of mapping and the map as a tool will surely be beneficial
for my students and me as well as teacher for this curriculum mapping will help the class
discussion a more effective one as it holds the different key concepts that will be discuss in
the lessons. Also, curriculum mapping aims to ensure that teaching is purposefully
structured and logically sequenced across grade levels so that students are building on
what they have previous learned and learning the knowledge and skills that will
progressively prepare them for more challenging, higher-level work.
Personal Reflection 1:
What are some of the most interesting discoveries that I have gathered as I was studying
the lesson?
While studying this module, some of the most interesting discoveries that I have gathered as I was
studying the lesson is that first, I’ve learned that in order to have an effective way of incorporating
lessons in a class, teachers must have first a curriculum map which will entail all the key concepts
that will be presented in the discussion. Also, I’ve learned that a teacher must be patient in terms of
the teaching and learning process for there are learners who cannot quickly comprehend in the
lessons. Furthermore, curriculum mapping is an important tool for all of us, teachers and soon to be
teachers as it will guide us in our profession.